Talmud
BabylonianJerusalem
Seder Zeraim(Agriculture)
Berakhot
Blessings and prayers, focusing on Shema and the Amidah.
Peah
Crops left in the corner of a field for the poor to take, other agricultural gifts to the poor.
Demai
Produce from one who is suspected to have neglected tithing and the requirement to tithe it.
Kilayim
Prohibited mixtures of certain seeds, plants, animals, or materials of clothing.
Sheviit
The seventh year of the agricultural cycle, when working the land is prohibited and debts are forgiven.
Terumot
Required donations of agricultural produce to priestly households and its sacred status.
Maasrot
Separating tithes for priests, Levites, the poor, and for consumption in Jerusalem.
Maaser Sheni
A tithe eaten in Jerusalem or exchanged for money to be used for purchasing food there.
Challah
Dough separated when baking bread and given to priests.
Orlah
Fruit growing on a tree in its first three years, when benefitting from the fruit is prohibited.
Bikkurim
First fruits and grains ceremoniously brought to the Temple and given to a priest next to the altar.
Seder Moed(Holidays)
Shabbat
Creative work prohibited on Shabbat and other laws that preserve the sanctity of the day.
Eruvin
Enclosures that legally expand the areas in which one can carry and travel on Shabbat.
Pesachim
Passover: ridding of chametz, the Paschal lamb offering, matzah, maror, and the Seder.
Yoma
Yom Kippur: the High Priest’s preparation, the Temple service, the fast, and repentance.
Shekalim
Annual half-shekel donations to the Temple, administration and inventory of the Temple.
Sukkah
The structure of and obligation to dwell in the sukkah, the four species, and celebrating the holiday in the Temple.
Rosh Hashanah
The four Jewish New Years, the process of sanctifying a new month, and laws of blowing the shofar.
Beitzah
Holiday laws governing which objects can be used, how food is prepared, and what labor is permitted.
Taanit
Praying for rain, fasting in times of drought, and annual fast days marking Jerusalem’s destruction.
Megillah
Reading the scroll of Esther on Purim, synagogue rituals, and treatment of sacred objects.
Chagigah
Sacrifices offered on pilgrimage to Jerusalem for the Festivals and laws of ritual purity.
Moed Katan
Chol HaMoed (the intermediate days of Passover and Sukkot), mourning and ex-communication.
Seder Nashim(Family law)
Yevamot
The mandated marriage of a widow to the brother of her childless husband and the alternative rite discharging that obligation.
Sotah
A woman suspected of adultery, the ritual determining her culpability, and other rituals involving recitation.
Ketubot
The marital contract (Ketubah) and obligations between husband and wife.
Nedarim
Vows taken voluntarily, particularly those that forbid specific actions or objects.
Nazir
The nazarite, or one who vows abstinence from wine, haircuts, and ritual impurity generated from contact with corpses.
Gittin
Laws relating to divorce, focusing on the get (bill of divorce) and its delivery.
Kiddushin
Betrothal, marriage, acquisitions, and lineage.
Seder Nezikin(Damages)
Bava Kamma
Liability and compensation for damages inflicted on people or property.
Bava Metzia
Disputed property, returning lost objects, guarding, renting, borrowing, and responsibilities of workers and employers.
Bava Batra
Relationships between neighbors, land ownership, sales, and inheritance.
Sanhedrin
The judicial system, forming the court, accepting testimony, and executing capital punishment.
Shevuot
Oaths and the process of atoning for entering the Temple or eating from a sacrifice while impure.
Avodah Zarah
Disassociating from idolatry, regulations on business interactions between Jews and idolaters.
Seder Tahorot(Purity)
Niddah
The ritual impurity of a woman in her menstrual cycle or experiencing particular discharges.
Modern Commentary on Talmud
Ohr LaYesharim on Jerusalem Talmud
21st-century Hebrew commentary consisting of clear and accessible explanations, as well as more detailed elucidations.
Steinsaltz
20th-century translation of the Talmud into modern Hebrew with accompanying explanations by Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz.
Commentary
Amudei Yerushalayim on Jerusalem Talmud
19th-century commentary by Rabbi Yisrael Eisenstein, some of which were originally printed together with his responsa.
Beur HaGra on Jerusalem Talmud
18th-century commentary on Seder Zeraim of the Jerusalem Talmud, by the Vilna Gaon.
Chiddushei Ridbaz on Jerusalem Talmud
Early 20th-century commentary by Rabbi Yaakov Dovid Wilovsky explaining the literal meaning of the text.
Chidushei Chatam Sofer on Jerusalem Talmud
Commentary by Rabbi Moshe Sofer, one of the leading Orthodox rabbis of Austrian-Hungarian Jewry in the early 19th century.
Chidushei Rabbi Eliyahu of Greiditz on Jerusalem Talmud
19th-century commentary by a talmudist, kabbalist, and supporter of early Zionism.
Haggahot RaDO on Jerusalem Talmud
Commentary by Rabbi Dovid Oppenheim, chief rabbi of Nikolsburg in the late 17th century and of Prague in the early 18th century.
Haggahot Rabbi Menachem di Lonzano on Jerusalem Talmud
16th-century commentary originally published in Rabbi Chaim Yosef David Azulai’s work, Kikar LaAden.
Haggahot YaFeM on Jerusalem Talmud
19th-century commentary of Rabbi Mordechai Yafeh Margaliyot on tractates in Seder Zeraim and on tractate Shekalim.
Kikar LaAden on Jerusalem Talmud
Glosses on the Jerusalem originally published in the 18th century by Rabbi Chaim Yosef David Azulai, and attributed by him to a “holy person.”
Korban HaEdah on Jerusalem Talmud
18th-century commentary by the chief rabbi of Berlin, Rabbi David ben Naphtal Hirsch Frankel, elucidating the plain meaning of the talmudic text.
Mareh HaPanim on Jerusalem Talmud
18th-century analytic commentary by Rabbi Moshe Margalit, comparing passages to parallel ones in the Babylonian Talmud and incorporating post-talmudic commentary.
Noam Yerushalmi
19th-century commentary and glosses by Lithuanian scholar, R. Joshua Isaac Shapira.
Notes by Heinrich Guggenheimer on Jerusalem Talmud
21st-century notes citing manuscript variants, authored by the translator of the Jerusalem Talmud into English.
Penei Moshe on Jerusalem Talmud
18th-century explanatory commentary by Rabbi Moshe Margalit and the earliest known commentary on the entire Jerusalem Talmud.
Sha'arei Torat Eretz Yisrael
20th-century commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud by Lithuanian Rabbi Zev Wolf Rabinowitz.
Sheyarei Korban on Jerusalem Talmud
18th-century detailed analytic commentary by the chief rabbi of Berlin, Rabbi David ben Naphtal Hirsch Frankel.
Sirilio on Jerusalem Talmud
16th-century commentary on the Jerusalem Talmud by R. Solomon Sirilio
Tosafot HaRid on Jerusalem Talmud
Early 20th-century analytic commentary by Rabbi Yaakov Dovid Wilovsky, comparing passages to parallel talmudic passages and incorporating post-talmudic commentary.
About Talmud
The Talmud is the textual record of generations of rabbinic debate about law, philosophy, and biblical interpretation, compiled between the 3rd and 8th centuries and structured as commentary on the Mishnah with stories interwoven. The Talmud exists in two versions: the more commonly studied Babylonian Talmud was compiled in present-day Iraq, while the Jerusalem Talmud was compiled in Israel.
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