היום מכפר The Surprising Connections Between Yom HaAtzmaut, Yom Kippur, and Purim

בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים קוֹרִין ״אַחֲרֵי מוֹת״, וּמַפְטִירִין ״כִּי כֹה אָמַר רָם וְנִשָּׂא״. וּבַמִּנְחָה קוֹרִין בָּעֲרָיוֹת.

The baraita continues: On Yom Kippur they read the portion of “After the death” (Leviticus 16), and they read as the haftara the portion of “For thus says the High and Lofty One” (Isaiah 57:14–58:14), which deals with fasting and repentance. And during the afternoon service they read from the portion detailing forbidden sexual relations (Leviticus 18).

במנחה קורין בעריות - ... ובמדרש יש שלכך קורין בעריות לפי שישראל עושין רמז להקב"ה שכשם שהזהיר אותם שלא לגלות ערוה כך לא תגלה ערותם בעונותם:

AND DURING THE AFTERNOON SERVICE THEY READ FROM THE PORTION DETAILING FORBIDDEN SEXUAL RELATIONS. ... According to a Midrash, we read the portion related to forbidden sexual relations because the Jewish people are hinting something to HKBH. Just like He warned them to not engage in forbidden relationships; so too, the Jewish people ask that He not reveal the "nakedness" in their spirituality.

(ט) וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר יוֹסֵ֔ף אֵ֚ת הַחֲלֹמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָלַ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מְרַגְּלִ֣ים אַתֶּ֔ם לִרְא֛וֹת אֶת־עֶרְוַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּאתֶֽם׃
(9) Recalling the dreams that he had dreamed about them, Joseph said to them, “You are spies, you have come to see the land in its nakedness.”
(כז) וַיְסַפְּרוּ־לוֹ֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ בָּ֕אנוּ אֶל־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שְׁלַחְתָּ֑נוּ וְ֠גַ֠ם זָבַ֨ת חָלָ֥ב וּדְבַ֛שׁ הִ֖וא וְזֶה־פִּרְיָֽהּ׃ (כח) אֶ֚פֶס כִּֽי־עַ֣ז הָעָ֔ם הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְהֶֽעָרִ֗ים בְּצֻר֤וֹת גְּדֹלֹת֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְגַם־יְלִדֵ֥י הָֽעֲנָ֖ק רָאִ֥ינוּ שָֽׁם׃ (כט) עֲמָלֵ֥ק יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בְּאֶ֣רֶץ הַנֶּ֑גֶב וְ֠הַֽחִתִּ֠י וְהַיְבוּסִ֤י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּהָ֔ר וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב עַל־הַיָּ֔ם וְעַ֖ל יַ֥ד הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ (ל) וַיַּ֧הַס כָּלֵ֛ב אֶת־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר עָלֹ֤ה נַעֲלֶה֙ וְיָרַ֣שְׁנוּ אֹתָ֔הּ כִּֽי־יָכ֥וֹל נוּכַ֖ל לָֽהּ׃
(27) This is what they told him: “We came to the land you sent us to; it does indeed flow with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. (28) However, the people who inhabit the country are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large; moreover, we saw the Anakites there. (29) Amalekites dwell in the Negeb region; Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites inhabit the hill country; and Canaanites dwell by the Sea and along the Jordan.” (30) Caleb hushed the people before Moses and said, “Let us by all means go up, and we shall gain possession of it, for we shall surely overcome it.”

משלחן שלמה: עיונים ופנינים בפרשה מבית מדרשו ושיעורו של הגאון הינוקא (רבינו שלמה יהודה בארי שליט"א)

וביאור הדברים, שיש בארץ ישראל

פנימיות וחיצוניות, שבפנימיותה היא חלק ה' ממש, ואין שולט עליה שום כוכב ומזל ושום שר מצבאות מעלה, אלא היא נחלת ה' ומיוחדת לשמו יתברך, כמו שהאריך הרמב"ן (יח, כה) לבאר בכל זה. אבל כאשר נמשכים אחר הנגלה ממנה בחיצוניותה בכל מיני חמדות ותאוות, זהו ממש מצד זוהמת הנחש...ולכך היו הכנעניים גרועים מכל האומות. ובזה טעו המרגלים שדיברו סרה על הארץ - כי נטו רק אחר חיצוניותה ולא פנו אל פנימיותה.

HaYanuka on Parashat Acharei Mot-Kedoshim

And this matter can be explained by saying that Eretz Yisrael can be understood from its internal (pnimiut) and and external essence (chitzoniut). Internally, it is truly a part of Hashem, the Land of Israel, which is in the middle of the inhabited earth, is the inheritance of the Eternal designated to His Name. He has placed none of the angels as chief, observer, or ruler over it, as the Ramban explained (18:25). But when they are attracted to what is revealed from its exterior perspective in greed and lust, this comes from the evil side of the snake...therefore the Caananites were worse than all the other nations. And in this, the spies erred when they spoke badly about the land - they only spoke regarding its external appearances, and didn't look at its inner essence.

(ג) כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֧ה אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אֶתְכֶ֥ם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ וּבְחֻקֹּתֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א תֵלֵֽכוּ׃
(3) You shall not copy the practices of the land of Egypt where you dwelt, or of the land of Canaan to which I am taking you; nor shall you follow their laws.
(כד) אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכׇל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכׇל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃ (כה) וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ וָאֶפְקֹ֥ד עֲוֺנָ֖הּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃ (כו) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּ֗ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃ (כז) כִּ֚י אֶת־כׇּל־הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל עָשׂ֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַתִּטְמָ֖א הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (כח) וְלֹֽא־תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם בְּטַֽמַּאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָאָ֛ה אֶת־הַגּ֖וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃
(24) Do not defile yourselves in any of those ways, for it is by such that the nations that I am casting out before you defiled themselves. (25) Thus the land became defiled; and I called it to account for its iniquity, and the land spewed out its inhabitants. (26) But you must keep My laws and My rules, and you must not do any of those abhorrent things, neither the citizen nor the stranger who resides among you; (27) for all those abhorrent things were done by the people who were in the land before you, and the land became defiled. (28) So let not the land spew you out for defiling it, as it spewed out the nation that came before you.
ולא תקיא הארץ אתכם. מָשָׁל לְבֶן מֶלֶךְ שֶׁהֶאֱכִילוּהוּ דָּבָר מָאוּס, שֶׁאֵין עוֹמֵד בְּמֵעָיו אֶלָּא מְקִיאוֹ, כָּךְ אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵינָהּ מְקַיֶּמֶת עוֹבְרֵי עֲבֵרָה (ספרא סוף קדושים), וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ וְלָא תְרוֹקֵן, לְשׁוֹן רִקּוּן — מְרִיקָה עַצְמָהּ מֵהֶם:
ולא תקיא הארץ אתכם THAT THE LAND VOMIT NOT YOU OUT — A parable! This may be compared to the case of a prince (i. e. a sensitive, refined person) to whom one gives a disgusting thing to eat which he cannot retain on his stomach but vomits it out thus Eretz-Yisrael is unable to retain sinners on its soil (Sifra, Kedoshim, Chapter 12 14). The Targum renders it by: ולא תרוקן a term for ״emptying out״ — it (the earth) empties itself of them.
ערות הארץ. בעבור היות המנהג להסתיר הערוה שהיא דבר מגונה על כן אמר דרך משל. או בעבור היות הערוה נסתרת כך אתם באים לראות את סוד הארץ והוא הנכון בעיני:
THE NAKEDNESS OF THE LAND. Nakedness is a figure of speech for shame, since it is customary to hide one’s nakedness because of its unseemliness. Or nakedness refers to secrets, since one’s nakedness is covered. Joseph thus said to them, “You have come to learn the secrets of the land.” I prefer the latter interpretation.

(א) על ידי התרחקות מהכרת הרזים באה ההכרה של קדושת ארץ ישראל בצורה מטושטשת.

(ב) על ידי ההתנכרות אל סוד ד' נעשות הסגולות העליונות של עמק החיים האלהיים לדברים טפלים שאינם נכנסים בעמק הנשמה, וממילא יחסר הכח היותר אדיר בנשמת האומה והיחיד, והגלות מוצאת היא חן מצד עצמותה; כי למשיג רק את השטח הגלוי לא יחסר שום דבר יסודי בחסרון הארץ והממלכה וכל תכני האומה בבנינה. יסוד צפית הישועה הוא אצלו כמו ענף צדדי שאיננו יכול להתקשר עם עומק הכרת היהדות, וזה בעצמו הוא הדבר המעיד על חסרון-ההבנה שיש בשיטה-מעטת הלשד כזאת.

(1) As man distances himself from the secrets of Torah, his understanding of the Kedusha of Eretz Yisrael becomes hazy.

(2) By alienating oneself from the secrets of G-d, the highest segulot (treasures) of the deep Divine life become extraneous, secondary matters which do not enter the depths of the soul, and as a result, the most potent force of the individual’s and of the nation’s soul will be missing; and the exile is found to be pleasant in its own accord. For to someone who only understands the superficial level, nothing basic will be lacking in the absence of the Land of Israel, the Jewish Kingdom, and all of the facets of the nation in its built form.

Likutei Moharan 6

The root of all the difficulties and suffering lies in the slanderous image of the Land which is put about by the wicked. They are the source of all of the obstacles. But the power of the Torah which we draw into ourselves enables us to overcome all the obstacles, difficulties, and suffering. The more profound a person’s grasp of the Torah, and the greater light of rectification which he brings about through his attainment, the greater his victory will be over the obstacles, and he will succeed in reaching the Land of Israel.

וְעַצְמוֹ שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר לַשָּׁבִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טז ל) "כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם":

The essence of Yom Kippur atones for those who repent as [Leviticus 16:30] states: "This day will atone for you."

הרב שלמה גורן, תורת השבת והמועד

אין לשנות מסדרו של חג כשחל ה' באייר להיות בשבת, אלא כל הברכות, ההלל, ההודיות והתפילות שנקבעו לחג העצמאות ייאמרו בעיצומו של יום הנס, בליל שבת וביומו של ה' באייר, כפי שפסקנו בשנת התשמ"א בו חל ה' באייר בשבת.

Rabbi Shlomo Goren, Torat HaShabbat v'HaMoed

One should not change the typical prayers of Yom HaAtzmaut if the 5th of Iyar falls on Shabbat (meaning, he should say Hallel on the 5th of Iyar regardless of when the holiday is celebrated throughout the country). Rather, all of the blessings, Hallel, thanksgiving and prayers that were established for Yom HaAtzmaut must be said on the essence of the day of the miracle, even if that is on Friday night, as we paskened in 1988, when the 5th of Iyar fell on Shabbat.

Pninei Halacha, Zemanim 4:5 / R. Eliezer Melamed
There is a mitzvah to establish a holiday, to rejoice and praise God, on a day when Jews were delivered from distress. This is what prompted the Rabbis to establish Purim and Chanukah as everlasting holidays. Even though it is forbidden to add mitzvot to the Torah, this mitzvah is an exception, for it is derived from a logical inference (a kal va’chomer): when we left Egypt and were delivered from slavery to freedom, God commanded us to celebrate Pesach and sing praise to Him every year; all the more so [must we celebrate] Purim, when we were saved from death to life (Megillah 14a)....
Many Jewish communities throughout the ages kept this mitzvah of instituting days of joy in commemoration of miracles that happened to them. Many of them used the name Purim in reference to these days, like “Frankfort Purim” and “Tiberias Purim.”...
The great gaon, Rabbi Meshulam Roth (Rata), writes: “There is no doubt that we are commanded to rejoice, establish a holiday, and say Hallel on [the fifth of Iyar], the day which the government, the members of the Knesset (who were chosen by the majority of the people), and most of the greatest rabbis, fixed as the day on which to celebrate, throughout the Land, the miracle of our salvation and freedom” (Responsa Kol Mevaser 1:21)5.