בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים קוֹרִין ״אַחֲרֵי מוֹת״, וּמַפְטִירִין ״כִּי כֹה אָמַר רָם וְנִשָּׂא״. וּבַמִּנְחָה קוֹרִין בָּעֲרָיוֹת.
The baraita continues: On Yom Kippur they read the portion of “After the death” (Leviticus 16), and they read as the haftara the portion of “For thus says the High and Lofty One” (Isaiah 57:14–58:14), which deals with fasting and repentance. And during the afternoon service they read from the portion detailing forbidden sexual relations (Leviticus 18).
במנחה קורין בעריות - ... ובמדרש יש שלכך קורין בעריות לפי שישראל עושין רמז להקב"ה שכשם שהזהיר אותם שלא לגלות ערוה כך לא תגלה ערותם בעונותם:
AND DURING THE AFTERNOON SERVICE THEY READ FROM THE PORTION DETAILING FORBIDDEN SEXUAL RELATIONS. ... According to a Midrash, we read the portion related to forbidden sexual relations because the Jewish people are hinting something to HKBH. Just like He warned them to not engage in forbidden relationships; so too, the Jewish people ask that He not reveal the "nakedness" in their spirituality.
משלחן שלמה: עיונים ופנינים בפרשה מבית מדרשו ושיעורו של הגאון הינוקא (רבינו שלמה יהודה בארי שליט"א)
וביאור הדברים, שיש בארץ ישראל
פנימיות וחיצוניות, שבפנימיותה היא חלק ה' ממש, ואין שולט עליה שום כוכב ומזל ושום שר מצבאות מעלה, אלא היא נחלת ה' ומיוחדת לשמו יתברך, כמו שהאריך הרמב"ן (יח, כה) לבאר בכל זה. אבל כאשר נמשכים אחר הנגלה ממנה בחיצוניותה בכל מיני חמדות ותאוות, זהו ממש מצד זוהמת הנחש...ולכך היו הכנעניים גרועים מכל האומות. ובזה טעו המרגלים שדיברו סרה על הארץ - כי נטו רק אחר חיצוניותה ולא פנו אל פנימיותה.
HaYanuka on Parashat Acharei Mot-Kedoshim
And this matter can be explained by saying that Eretz Yisrael can be understood from its internal (pnimiut) and and external essence (chitzoniut). Internally, it is truly a part of Hashem, the Land of Israel, which is in the middle of the inhabited earth, is the inheritance of the Eternal designated to His Name. He has placed none of the angels as chief, observer, or ruler over it, as the Ramban explained (18:25). But when they are attracted to what is revealed from its exterior perspective in greed and lust, this comes from the evil side of the snake...therefore the Caananites were worse than all the other nations. And in this, the spies erred when they spoke badly about the land - they only spoke regarding its external appearances, and didn't look at its inner essence.
(א) על ידי התרחקות מהכרת הרזים באה ההכרה של קדושת ארץ ישראל בצורה מטושטשת.
(ב) על ידי ההתנכרות אל סוד ד' נעשות הסגולות העליונות של עמק החיים האלהיים לדברים טפלים שאינם נכנסים בעמק הנשמה, וממילא יחסר הכח היותר אדיר בנשמת האומה והיחיד, והגלות מוצאת היא חן מצד עצמותה; כי למשיג רק את השטח הגלוי לא יחסר שום דבר יסודי בחסרון הארץ והממלכה וכל תכני האומה בבנינה. יסוד צפית הישועה הוא אצלו כמו ענף צדדי שאיננו יכול להתקשר עם עומק הכרת היהדות, וזה בעצמו הוא הדבר המעיד על חסרון-ההבנה שיש בשיטה-מעטת הלשד כזאת.
(1) As man distances himself from the secrets of Torah, his understanding of the Kedusha of Eretz Yisrael becomes hazy.
(2) By alienating oneself from the secrets of G-d, the highest segulot (treasures) of the deep Divine life become extraneous, secondary matters which do not enter the depths of the soul, and as a result, the most potent force of the individual’s and of the nation’s soul will be missing; and the exile is found to be pleasant in its own accord. For to someone who only understands the superficial level, nothing basic will be lacking in the absence of the Land of Israel, the Jewish Kingdom, and all of the facets of the nation in its built form.
Likutei Moharan 6
The root of all the difficulties and suffering lies in the slanderous image of the Land which is put about by the wicked. They are the source of all of the obstacles. But the power of the Torah which we draw into ourselves enables us to overcome all the obstacles, difficulties, and suffering. The more profound a person’s grasp of the Torah, and the greater light of rectification which he brings about through his attainment, the greater his victory will be over the obstacles, and he will succeed in reaching the Land of Israel.
וְעַצְמוֹ שֶׁל יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים מְכַפֵּר לַשָּׁבִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא טז ל) "כִּי בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם":
The essence of Yom Kippur atones for those who repent as [Leviticus 16:30] states: "This day will atone for you."
הרב שלמה גורן, תורת השבת והמועד
אין לשנות מסדרו של חג כשחל ה' באייר להיות בשבת, אלא כל הברכות, ההלל, ההודיות והתפילות שנקבעו לחג העצמאות ייאמרו בעיצומו של יום הנס, בליל שבת וביומו של ה' באייר, כפי שפסקנו בשנת התשמ"א בו חל ה' באייר בשבת.
Rabbi Shlomo Goren, Torat HaShabbat v'HaMoed
One should not change the typical prayers of Yom HaAtzmaut if the 5th of Iyar falls on Shabbat (meaning, he should say Hallel on the 5th of Iyar regardless of when the holiday is celebrated throughout the country). Rather, all of the blessings, Hallel, thanksgiving and prayers that were established for Yom HaAtzmaut must be said on the essence of the day of the miracle, even if that is on Friday night, as we paskened in 1988, when the 5th of Iyar fell on Shabbat.
There is a mitzvah to establish a holiday, to rejoice and praise God, on a day when Jews were delivered from distress. This is what prompted the Rabbis to establish Purim and Chanukah as everlasting holidays. Even though it is forbidden to add mitzvot to the Torah, this mitzvah is an exception, for it is derived from a logical inference (a kal va’chomer): when we left Egypt and were delivered from slavery to freedom, God commanded us to celebrate Pesach and sing praise to Him every year; all the more so [must we celebrate] Purim, when we were saved from death to life (Megillah 14a)....
Many Jewish communities throughout the ages kept this mitzvah of instituting days of joy in commemoration of miracles that happened to them. Many of them used the name Purim in reference to these days, like “Frankfort Purim” and “Tiberias Purim.”...
The great gaon, Rabbi Meshulam Roth (Rata), writes: “There is no doubt that we are commanded to rejoice, establish a holiday, and say Hallel on [the fifth of Iyar], the day which the government, the members of the Knesset (who were chosen by the majority of the people), and most of the greatest rabbis, fixed as the day on which to celebrate, throughout the Land, the miracle of our salvation and freedom” (Responsa Kol Mevaser 1:21)5.