Speak to the Israelite people and say to them, "When you enter the land to which I am taking you and you eat of the bread of the land, you shall set some aside as a gift to the LORD: as the first yield of your baking, you shall set aside a loaf as a gift; you shall set it aside as a gift like the gift from the threshing floor. You shall make a gift to the LORD from the first yield of your baking, throughout the ages."
עִסָּה מֵחֲמֵשֶׁת מִינֵי דָּגָן חַיֶּבֶת בְּחַלָּה. קֹדֶם שֶׁמַּפְרִישִׁין הַחַלָּה מְבָרְכִין, בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה ה' אֱלֹקֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָנוּ לְהַפְרִישׁ חַלָּה. וְנוֹטְלִין כַּזַּיִת מִן הָעִסָּה וְשׂוֹרְפִין אוֹתָהּ בָּאֵשׁ. וְהַמִּנְהָג לְשָׂרְפָהּ בַּתַנוּר שֶׁיֹּאפוּ שָׁם אֶת הַלֶּחֶם (שכ"ב שכ"ד שכ"ח).
Dough which is made of the five grains (wheat, barley, spelt, rye and oats) require the separation of challah. Before separating challah the following blessing is said: Praised are you, Lord our God, Sovereign of the universe, who has made us holy through Your mitzvot and has commanded us to separate the challah. A piece of dough of size of an olive is then taken and burned in fire. The custom is to burn it in the oven in which the bread will be baked.
(ז) שעור החלה, אחד מעשרים וארבעה. העושה עיסה לעצמו, והעושה למשתה בנו, אחד מעשרים וארבעה. נחתום שהוא עושה למכור בשוק, וכן האשה שהיא עושה למכור בשוק אחד מארבעים ושמונה.
(7) The minimum measure of Challah is one twenty-fourth [of the dough]. If one makes dough for oneself, or if one makes a dough for his son's banquet, [then the minimum measure is] one twenty-fourth. If a baker makes [dough] to sell in the market, and if a woman makes [dough] to sell in the market, [the minimum measure is] one-forty eighth.
(ג) האשה יושבת וקוצה חלתה ערמה, מפני שהיא יכולה לכסות את עצמה, אבל לא האיש.
(3) A woman may sit and separate her Challah [and make the blessing] while naked, since she has the ability to cover herself [by crossing her legs], but a man may not do so.
אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא: בְּשַׁבָּת חַיָּיב אָדָם לִבְצוֹעַ עַל שְׁתֵּי כִכָּרוֹת, דִּכְתִיב: ״לֶחֶם מִשְׁנֶה״.
Rabbi Abba said: On Shabbat a person is obligated to break bread in their meal over two loaves of bread, as it is written: “And it happened on the sixth day, they collected double the bread, two portions for each one” (Exodus 16:22).
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר שִׁילַת מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב: אֵין הַמְסוּבִּין רַשָּׁאִין לֶאֱכוֹל כְּלוּם עַד שֶׁיִּטְעוֹם הַבּוֹצֵעַ.
Rav Yehuda, son of Rav Shmuel bar Sheilat, said in the name of Rav: Those reclining at a meal may not eat anything until the one breaking bread [saying the blessing] has tasted/eaten the bread.
(א) לפני אכילת לחם נוטל את ידיו ואומר:
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְ‑יָ אֱ‑לֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָּנוּ עַל נְטִילַת יָדָים:
(ב) על הלחם מברך:
בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְ‑יָ אֱ‑לֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם הַמּוֹצִיא לֶחֶם מִן הָאָרֶץ:
(1) Before eating bread, wash your hands and bless:
Praised are you, Lord our G-d, Sovereign of the universe, who has made us holy through Your mitzvot and has commanded us to wash our hands.
(2) Blessing before eating bread
Praised are you, Lord our G-d, Ruler of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth.