Mishnah Pesachim: Chapter 10 Student Copy

סמוך - close to [the time of]

למנחה - the afternoon Korban

שתחשך - nightfall

עני - the poorest person

שיסב - reclines at the Seder

יפחתו - fewer than

התמחוי - from the food pantry

Hevruta Questions:

• Why do you think everyone needs to recline and drink wine at the Seder?
• Do you have any special traditions or foods at your family Seder?

מזגו - mix/pour

מברך - recites a blessing

ואחר כך - and then

Hevruta Questions:

• Why do you think Hilllel and Shammai disagree about the order of the Brachot?
• What is more important at the Seder: the wine itself or celebrating the holiday?

הביאו - they put down [the food]

מטבל - dips/places

בחזרת - in lettuce

עד שמגיע - before he reaches

לפרפרת - the course (part) of the meal following

הפת - the [unleavened] bread.

וחרסת - mixture of apples, nuts, and wine

תבשילין - cooked side dishes

אף על פי - although

רבי אליעזר ברבי צדוק -Rabbi Eliezer bar Tzadok

ובמקדש - Temple

גופו - body

פסח - Passover-offering.

Hevruta Questions:

• What foods here are similar to the ones we eat today at the Seder?
• What foods from our Seder are missing from the Seder of the Mishnah?
• What is the machloket (disagreement) about the Haroset? Why?

וכאן - And here

שואל - questions

דעת בבן - understanding [to question]

מלמדו - teaches him [to ask]

מה נשתנה - Why is this different

אנו - we

חמץ ומצה - leavened and unleavened bread

שאר ירקות - all kinds of vegetables

מרור - bitter herbs.

בשר צלי, שלוק, ומבשל- meat roasted, stewed or boiled,

צלי - roasted [meat].

מטבילין - dip [vegetables].

ולפי - And according

דעתו - intelligence

בגנות - with [the account of Israel’s] shame

ומסים בשבח - and concludes with [Israel’s] glory,

ודורש - and explains

מארמי אובד אבי - “My father was a wandering Aramean” (Tanach quote)

שיגמור - until he completes

Hevruta Questions:

• Which question is different than what we sing today?
• Why do you think it is different?
• What quote from the Tanach was used as proof?
• Who says the 4 questions in your family?

אלו - these

לא יצא ידי חובתו - does not discharge his obligation (to tell the story)

ואלו הן -and these are they (the 3)

פסח -Passover-offering

מרור - bitter herbs

על שום - because

שפסח - passed

אבותינו - our ancestors

שנגאלו - redeemed

שמררו - embittered

חיי - lives

דור ודור - generation

לראות את עצמו - a person must regard themselves

כאלו - as though

יצא - gone out

שנאמר - as it is said

והגדת - And you shall tell

בעבור זה עשה ה" לי בצאתי ממצרים -
‘It is because of what the Lord did for me when I came forth out of Egypt.’”

...לפיכך - Therefore it is our duty to thank, praise, laud, glorify, exalt, honor, bless, extol, and adore Him Who performed all these miracles for our ancestors and us; He brought us forth from bondage into freedom, from sorrow into joy, from mourning into festivity, from darkness into great light, and from servitude into redemption. Therefore let us say before Him, Hallelujah!

Hevruta Questions:

• Why do you think that everyone's retelling of the passover story MUST include these three things?
• What would happen - good things & bad things - if everyone's retelling was more unique instead?

(6) Up until which point should he recite (Hallel)? The House of Shammai says: Up to 'as a happy mother of children'. The House of Hillel says: Up to 'flint stone into a water-spring', and conclude with the blessing of redemption. Rabbi Tarfon says: 'who redeemed us and our ancestors from Egypt', but without a concluding blessing. Rabbi Akiva says: 'O YHVH our God and God of our ancestors--may we come to reach other seasons and festivals in peace, joyful in the rebuilding of your city, and jubilant in your Temple service, where we will eat from the offerings and Passover sacrifices etc.' until 'Bless you YHVH, Redeemer of Israel.

Hevruta Questions:

• What is the purpose of Hallel? When else do we sing it?
• Why might some rabbi's want us to say more of Hallel and others want us to say less?

מזונו - his meal.

רביעי - [The] fourth [cup]

גומר - is concluded,

ברכת השיר - [concluding food] blessing.

בין - Between

הללו - these

הכוסות - cups

לשתות - to drink,

ישתה - drink

Hevruta Questions:

• Why do you think we cannot drink more between the 3rd and 4th cups?

מפטירין - They may not add (eat more)

ישנו מקצתן - If a few of people slept through [the story],

יאכלו - eat the pesach offering & affikoman.

כלן- If all of them [slept]

נתנמנמו - if they nod off (light sleep)

נרדמו - If they fall asleep (heavy sleep)

Hevruta Questions:

• How might dozing off or falling asleep affect one's understanding of the Passover story?
• Why do you think we don't eat after the affikomon?

(9) [Contact with] the Pesach sacrifice after midnight makes one's hands impure. [Contact with] piggul [a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to the intention of the officiating priest, while offering it, to consume it after its permitted time] or notar [a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to being left unconsumed until after the time limit for its consumption] renders one's hands impure. [If] one recited a blessing over the Pesach sacrifice, he exempts [himself from the obligation to make a blessing] on [another] sacrifice [that he eats]. If he recited a blessing over [the eating of another] sacrifice, he has not exempted [himself from the obligation to make a blessing] on the Pesach sacrifice - so says Rabbi Yishmael. Rabbi Akiva says, "Neither this nor that [blessing] exempts the other."

Hevruta Questions:

• Why is the end of the Mishnah concerned so much with this Korban?
• What is the link between the Korban and the Passover story?
• How does your Seder end every year? At what time? What rituals are involved?

THAT'S IT! You read and understood a WHOLE chapter of Mishnah!!