Mitzvot and Whyמצוות ולמה

Mitzvot and Why מצוות ולמה

One

(ז) וְשִׁנַּנְתָּ֣ם לְבָנֶ֔יךָ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֖ בָּ֑ם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ֤ בְּבֵיתֶ֙ךָ֙ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ֣ בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ וּֽבְשָׁכְבְּךָ֖ וּבְקוּמֶֽךָ׃

Deuteronomy 6:7

(7) Impress them upon your children. Recite them when you stay at home and when you are away, when you lie down and when you get up.

משנה תורה, מצוות עשה י׳

(י) לִקְרוֹת קִרְיַת שְׁמַע פַּעֲמַיִם בְּכָל יוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמָר: "וְדִבַּרְתָּ בָּם בְּשִׁבְתְּךָ בְּבֵיתֶךָ וּבְלֶכְתְּךָ בַדֶּרֶךְ וּבְשָׁכְבְּךָ וּבְקוּמֶךָ" (דברים ו, ז).

Mishneh Torah, Positive Mitzvot 10

(10) To read the Shema' each morning and evening. Deut. 6.7.

משנה תורה, מצוות עשה י״א

(יא) לִלְמֹד תּוֹרָה וּלְלַמְּדָהּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמָר: "וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ" (דברים ו, ז).

Mishneh Torah, Positive Mitzvot 11

(11) To study and to teach others the Torah. Deut. 6.7.

משנה תורה, הלכות תלמוד תורה א׳:ב׳

(ב) כְּשֵׁם שֶׁחַיָּב אָדָם לְלַמֵּד אֶת בְּנוֹ כָּךְ הוּא חַיָּב לְלַמֵּד אֶת בֶּן בְּנוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ד ט) "וְהוֹדַעְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ וְלִבְנֵי בָנֶיךָ". וְלֹא בְּנוֹ וּבֶן בְּנוֹ בִּלְבַד אֶלָּא מִצְוָה עַל כָּל חָכָם וְחָכָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל לְלַמֵּד אֶת כָּל הַתַּלְמִידִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן בָּנָיו. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו ז) "וְשִׁנַּנְתָּם לְבָנֶיךָ" מִפִּי הַשְּׁמוּעָה לָמְדוּ בָּנֶיךָ אֵלּוּ תַּלְמִידֶיךָ שֶׁהַתַּלְמִידִים קְרוּיִין בָּנִים שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב ב ג) "וַיֵּצְאוּ בְנֵי הַנְּבִיאִים". אִם כֵּן לָמָּה נִצְטַוָּה עַל בְּנוֹ וְעַל בֶּן בְּנוֹ. לְהַקְדִּים בְּנוֹ לְבֶן בְּנוֹ וּבֶן בְּנוֹ לְבֶן חֲבֵרוֹ:

Mishneh Torah, Torah Study 1:2

(2) Even as man is obliged to instruct his son, so is he obliged to teach his son's son, for it is said: "But make them known to thy sons and thy sons' sons" (Ibid. 4.9); and, not alone to his son and his son's son, but each and every scholar in Israel is commanded to instruct all who desire to be his disciples, even though they be not his sons, for it is said: "And thou shalt teach them diligently unto thy children" (Ibid. 6.7.), which is traditionally interpreted²Sifre, Deut. 11. C. G. to include one's disciples; for disciples, too, are called children, as it is said: "And the sons of the prophets came forth" (Second Kings, 2.3.). If it be so, why then was one commanded to teach his son and his son's son? To permit the precedence of one's son to one's son's son, and his son's son to the son of his fellow.³Sukkah, 30b; Kiddushin, 30. G.

קידושין ל׳ א:ט׳

אמר רב ספרא משום ר' יהושע בן חנניא מאי דכתיב (דברים ו, ז) ושננתם לבניך אל תקרי ושננתם אלא ושלשתם

Kiddushin 30a:9

§ Rav Safra says in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Ḥananya: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And you shall teach them diligently [veshinnantam] to your sons” (Deuteronomy 6:7)? Do not read this as “veshinnantam,” with the root shin, nun, nun, which indicates a repetition. Rather, read it as veshillashtam, with the root shin, lamed, shin, related to the word three, shalosh. This means that one must study, review, and study again, thereby dividing one’s studies into three parts.

קידושין ל׳ א:ט״ו

תנו רבנן ושננתם שיהו דברי תורה מחודדים בפיך שאם ישאל לך אדם דבר אל תגמגם ותאמר לו אלא אמור לו מיד שנאמר

Kiddushin 30a:15

§ The Sages taught: The verse states: “And you shall teach them diligently [veshinnantam]” (Deuteronomy 6:7). The root shin, nun, nun, of veshinnantam should be understood as meaning sharp, i.e., that matters of Torah should be sharp and clear in your mouth, so that if a person asks you something, do not stutter in uncertainty and say an uncertain response to him. Rather, answer him immediately, as it is stated:

דברים ו׳:ט׳

(ט) וּכְתַבְתָּ֛ם עַל־מְזוּזֹ֥ת בֵּיתֶ֖ךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶֽיךָ׃ (ס)

Deuteronomy 6:9

(9) inscribe them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.

ספר החינוך תכ״ג:א׳

(א) לקבע מזוזה בפתחים - לקבע מזוזה במזוזת ביתנו, שנאמר (דברים ו ט) וכתבתם על מזזות ביתך ובשעריך. וענין המזוזה הוא, שכותבין שתי פרשיות מן התורה בקלף אחד, והן שמע עד ובשעריך, והיה אם שמע עד על הארץ, וקובעין אותה במזוזת פתח הבית.

Sefer HaChinukh 423:1

(1) To affix a mezuzah on entrances: To affix a mezuzah on the doorposts of our homes, as it is stated (Deuteronomy 6:9), "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates." And the content of the mezuzah is that we write two sections of the Torah on one parchment - and they are 'Hear Israel,' until 'and in your gates'; [and] 'And it shall be if you listen,' until 'upon the earth.' And we affix them to the doorposts of the opening of the house.

משנה תורה, מצוות עשה ט״ו

(טו) לִקְבֹּעַ מְזוּזָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמָר: "וּכְתַבְתָּם עַל מְזוּזֹת בֵּיתֶךָ וּבִשְׁעָרֶיךָ" (דברים ו ט; יא, כ).

Mishneh Torah, Positive Mitzvot 15

(15) To fix a Mezuzah on the door-posts. Deut. 6.9.

ברכות ט״ו ב:כ״ג

תני ר' אושעיא קמיה דרבא וכתבתם הכל בכתב אפילו צואות

Berakhot 15b:23

Rabbi Oshaya taught the following baraita before Rava: The verse, “And you shall write them [ukhtavtam] on the door posts of your house and your gates” (Deuteronomy 6:9), should be understood as though it were written: “And you shall write them completely [ukhtav tam],” i.e., in their entirety. Everything must be in writing in the mezuza or phylacteries, even the commands to write mezuzot and phylacteries.

שבת ק״ג ב:י״ג

מיתיבי (דברים ו, ט) וכתבתם שתהא כתיבה תמה שלא יכתוב אלפין עיינין עיינין אלפין ביתין כפין כפין ביתין גמין צדין צדין גמין דלתין רישין רישין דלתין היהין חיתין חיתין היהין ווין יודין יודין ווין זיינין נונין נונין זיינין טיתין פיפין פיפין טיתין

Shabbat 103b:13

The Gemara raised an objection from a baraita that interprets the verse: “And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates” (Deuteronomy 6:9). “And you shall write them [ukhtavtam]” means that it should be perfect writing [ketiva tamma] with no mistakes, and clear writing. This means that one should not write an alef as an ayin, an ayin as an alef, a beit as a kaf, a kaf as a beit, a gimmel as a tzadi, a tzadi as a gimmel, a dalet as a reish, a reish as a dalet, a heh as a ḥet, a ḥet as a heh, a vav as a yod, a yod as a vav, a zayin as a nun, a nun as a zayin, a tet as a peh, a peh as a tet.

יומא י״א א:ג׳

ת"ר בשעריך אחד שערי בתים ואחד שערי חצירות ואחד שערי מדינות ואחד שערי עיירות יש בהן חובת מצוה למקום משום שנא' (דברים ו, ט) וכתבתם על מזוזות ביתך ובשעריך

Yoma 11a:3

§ Apropos the mezuza in the High Priest’s chamber, the Gemara discusses other halakhot of mezuza. The Sages taught with regard to the verse: “And you will write them upon the doorposts of your houses and upon your gates” (Deuteronomy 6:9): With regard to the gates of houses, and the gates of courtyards, and the gates of cities, and the gates of towns, all of them are obligated in the mitzva of mezuza in that place, due to the fact that it is stated: “And you will write them upon the doorposts of your houses and upon your gates.”

דברים ח׳:י׳

(י) וְאָכַלְתָּ֖ וְשָׂבָ֑עְתָּ וּבֵֽרַכְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ עַל־הָאָ֥רֶץ הַטֹּבָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לָֽךְ׃

Deuteronomy 8:10

(10) When you have eaten your fill, give thanks to the LORD your God for the good land which He has given you.

ברכות מ״ח ב:ה׳

תנו רבנן מנין לברכת המזון מן התורה שנאמר (דברים ח, י) ואכלת ושבעת וברכת זו ברכת הזן את ה' אלהיך זו ברכת הזמון על הארץ זו ברכת הארץ הטובה זו בונה ירושלים וכן הוא אומר (דברים ג, כה) ההר הטוב הזה והלבנון אשר נתן לך זו הטוב והמטיב אין לי אלא לאחריו לפניו מנין אמרת קל וחומר כשהוא שבע מברך כשהוא רעב לא כל שכן

Berakhot 48b:5

The Sages taught in a Tosefta: From where is it derived that Grace after Meals is from the Torah? As it is stated: “And you shall eat and be satisfied, and you shall bless the Lord, your God, for the good land that He has given you” (Deuteronomy 8:10). The Gemara explains: And you shall bless, that is the blessing of: Who feeds all. The Lord, your God, that is the zimmun blessing in which God’s name is invoked. For the land, that is the blessing of the land; good, that is the blessing: Who builds Jerusalem, and it also says: “This good mountain and Lebanon” (Deuteronomy 3:25), which is interpreted homiletically as referring to Jerusalem and the Temple. That He gave you, that is: Who is good and does good. However, I only have a Torah source for blessings after eating, i.e., Grace after Meals. From where is it derived that one is obligated to recite blessings before eating? You said that it can be derived through an a fortiori inference: When one is satisfied, he is obligated to recite a blessing and thank God for food; when he is hungry, all the more so that he should recite a blessing to offer thanks for the food he will eat.