(א) לַכֹּ֖ל זְמָ֑ן וְעֵ֥ת לְכָל־חֵ֖פֶץ תַּ֥חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ (ס) (ב) עֵ֥ת לָלֶ֖דֶת וְעֵ֣ת לָמ֑וּת עֵ֣ת לָטַ֔עַת וְעֵ֖ת לַעֲק֥וֹר נָטֽוּעַ׃ (ג) עֵ֤ת לַהֲרוֹג֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִרְפּ֔וֹא עֵ֥ת לִפְר֖וֹץ וְעֵ֥ת לִבְנֽוֹת׃ (ד) עֵ֤ת לִבְכּוֹת֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִשְׂח֔וֹק עֵ֥ת סְפ֖וֹד וְעֵ֥ת רְקֽוֹד׃ (ה) עֵ֚ת לְהַשְׁלִ֣יךְ אֲבָנִ֔ים וְעֵ֖ת כְּנ֣וֹס אֲבָנִ֑ים עֵ֣ת לַחֲב֔וֹק וְעֵ֖ת לִרְחֹ֥ק מֵחַבֵּֽק׃ (ו) עֵ֤ת לְבַקֵּשׁ֙ וְעֵ֣ת לְאַבֵּ֔ד עֵ֥ת לִשְׁמ֖וֹר וְעֵ֥ת לְהַשְׁלִֽיךְ׃ (ז) עֵ֤ת לִקְר֙וֹעַ֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִתְפּ֔וֹר עֵ֥ת לַחֲשׁ֖וֹת וְעֵ֥ת לְדַבֵּֽר׃ (ח) עֵ֤ת לֶֽאֱהֹב֙ וְעֵ֣ת לִשְׂנֹ֔א עֵ֥ת מִלְחָמָ֖ה וְעֵ֥ת שָׁלֽוֹם׃ (ס)
(1) To every thing there is a season, and a time to every purpose under the heaven: (2) A time to be born, and a time to die; A time to plant, and a time to pluck up that which is planted; (3) A time to kill, and a time to heal; A time to break down, and a time to build up; (4) A time to weep, and a time to laugh; A time to mourn, and a time to dance; (5) A time to cast away stones, and a time to gather stones together; A time to embrace, and a time to refrain from embracing; (6) A time to seek, and a time to lose; A time to keep, and a time to cast away; (7) A time to rend, and a time to sew; A time to keep silence, and a time to speak; (8) A time to love, and a time to hate; A time for war, and a time for peace.
אָדָם בְּחַיָּיו (יהודה עמיחי)
אָדָם בְּחַיָּיו אֵין לוֹ זְמַן שֶׁיִּהְיֶה לוֹ
זְמַן לַכֹּל.
וְאֵין לוֹ עֵת שֶׁתִּהְיֶה לוֹ עֵת
לְכָל חֵפֶץ. קֹהֶלֶת לֹא צָדַק כְּשֶׁאָמַר כָּךְ.
אָדָם צָרִיךְ לִשְׂנֹא וְלֶאֱהֹב בְּבַת אַחַת,
בְּאוֹתָן עֵינַיִם לִבְכּוֹת וּבְאוֹתָן עֵינַיִם לִצְחֹק
בְּאוֹתָן יָדַיִם לִזְרֹק אֲבָנִים
וּבְאוֹתָן יָדַיִם לֶאֱסֹף אוֹתָן,
לַעֲשׂוֹת אַהֲבָה בַּמִּלְחָמָה וּמִלְחָמָה בָּאַהֲבָה.
וְלִשְׂנֹא וְלִסְלֹחַ וְלִזְכֹּר וְלִשְׁכֹּחַ
וּלְסַדֵּר וּלְבַלְבֵּל וְלֶאֱכֹל וּלְעַכֵּל
אֶת מַה שֶּׁהִיסְטוֹרְיָה אֲרֻכָּה
עוֹשָׂה בְּשָׁנִים רַבּוֹת מְאֹד
אָדָם בְּחַיָּיו אֵין לוֹ זְמַן.
כְּשֶׁהוּא מְאַבֵּד הוּא מְחַפֵּשׂ
כְּשֶׁהוּא מוֹצֵא הוּא שׁוֹכֵחַ,
כְּשֶׁהוּא שׁוֹכֵחַ הוּא אוֹהֵב
וּכְשֶׁהוּא אוֹהֵב הוּא מַתְחִיל לִשְׁכֹּח
וְנַפְשׁוֹ לְמוּדָה,
וְנַפְשׁוֹ מִקְצוֹעִית מְאֹד
רַק גּוּפוֹ נִשְׁאַר חוֹבֵב
תָּמִיד. מְנַסֶּה וְטוֹעֶה
לֹא לוֹמֵד וּמִתְבַּלְבֵּל
שִׁכּוֹר וְעִוֵּר בְּתַעֲנוּגוֹתָיו וּבְמַכְאוֹבָיו.
מוֹת תְּאֵנִים יָמוּת בַּסְּתָו
מְצֻמָּק וּמְלֵא עַצְמוֹ וּמָתוֹק,
הֶעָלִים מִתְיַבְּשִׁים עַל הָאֲדָמָה,
וְהָעֲנָפִים הָעֲרֻמִּים כְּבָר מַצְבִּיעִים
אֶל הַמָּקוֹם שֶׁבּוֹ זְמַן לַכֹּל.
A Man In His Life (Yehuda Amichai)
A man doesn't have time in his life
to have time for everything.
He doesn't have seasons enough to have
a season for every purpose. Ecclesiastes
Was wrong about that.
A man needs to love and to hate at the same moment,
to laugh and cry with the same eyes,
with the same hands to throw stones and to gather them,
to make love in war and war in love.
And to hate and forgive and remember and forget,
to arrange and confuse, to eat and to digest
what history
takes years and years to do.
A man doesn't have time.
When he loses he seeks, when he finds
he forgets, when he forgets he loves, when he loves
he begins to forget.
And his soul is seasoned, his soul
is very professional.
Only his body remains forever
an amateur. It tries and it misses,
gets muddled, doesn't learn a thing,
drunk and blind in its pleasures
and its pains.
He will die as figs die in autumn,
Shriveled and full of himself and sweet,
the leaves growing dry on the ground,
the bare branches pointing to the place
where there's time for everything.
1. Summarize both sources 1 & 2 -- What are each of them saying about time?
2. How are they in conversation with one another? What is Amichai's critique of Ecclesiastes? Do you agree or disagree with his take?
From The Sabbath: Its Meaning for Modern Man, by Abraham Joshua Heschel
Judaism is a religion of time aiming at the sanctification of time. Unlike the space-minded man to whom time is unvaried, iterative, homogeneous, to whom all hours are alike, quality-less, empty shells, the Bible senses the diversified character of time. There are no two hours alike. Every hour is unique and the only one given at the moment, exclusive and endlessly precious.
Judaism teaches us to be attached to holiness in time, to be attached to sacred events, to learn how to consecrate sanctuaries that emerge from the magnificent stream of a year. The Sabbaths are our great cathedrals; and our Holy of Holies is a shrine that neither the Romans nor the Germans were able to burn; a shrine that even apostasy cannot easily obliterate: the Day of Atonement. According to the ancient rabbis, it is not the observance of the Day of Atonement, but the Day itself, the “essence of the Day,” which, with man’s repentance, atones for the sins of man.
Jewish ritual may be characterized as the art of significant forms in time, as architecture of time. Most of its observances–the Sabbath, the New Moon, the festivals, the Sabbatical and the Jubilee year–depend on a certain hour of the day or season of the year. It is, for example, the evening, morning, or afternoon that brings with it the call to prayer. The main themes of faith lie in the realm of time. We remember the day of the exodus from Egypt, the day when Israel stood at Sinai; and our Messianic hope is the expectation of a day, of the end of days.
...
One of the most distinguished words in the Bible is the word kadosh, holy; a word which more than any other is representative of the mystery and majesty of the divine. Now what was the first holy object in the history of the world? Was it a mountain? Was it an altar?
It is, indeed, a unique occasion at which the distinguished word kadosh is used for the first time: in the Book of Genesis at the end of the story of creation. How extremely significant is the fact that it is applied to time: “And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy.” There is no reference in the record of creation to any object in space that would be endowed with the quality of holiness.
...
When history began, there was only one holiness in the world, holiness in time. When at Sinai the word of God was about to be voiced, a call for holiness in man was proclaimed: “Thou shalt be unto me a holy people.” It was only after the people had succumbed to the temptation of worshipping a thing, a golden calf, that the erection of a Tabernacle, of holiness in space, was commanded. The sanctity of time came first, the sanctity of man came second, and the sanctity of space last. Time was hallowed by God; space, the Tabernacle, was consecrated by Moses.
While the festivals celebrate events that happened in time, the date of the month assigned for each festival in the calendar is determined by the life in nature. ... In contrast, the Sabbath is entirely independent of the month and unrelated to the moon. Its date is not determined by any event in nature, such as the new moon, but by the act of creation. Thus the essence of the Sabbath is completely detached from the world of space.
The meaning of the Sabbath is to celebrate time rather than space. Six days a week we live under the tyranny of things of space; on the Sabbath we try to become attuned to holiness in time. It is a day on which we are called upon to share in what is eternal in time, to turn from the results of creation to the mystery of creation, from the world of creation to the creation of the world.
1. Summarize what Heschel is saying. How does he describe the Jewish view of time?
2. What do you think Heschel would say in response to Amichai (source 2)? Eccelesiastes (source 1)?
3. How do these interpretation fit with your own world view?