Nolad
An egg that was laid on Shabbat is forbidden even to touch, and even if it got mixed in with a thousand [other eggs that were not laid on Shabbat] it is forbidden to touch any of them, but one is able to cover it with a vessel in order that it does not break as long as he doesn't touch it.
| Nolad Gamur | It came into existence on Shabbos | Not allowed |
| Kinda Nolad | The parts were there, but they were put together to make a new thing | Applies on Yom Tov |
Business on Shabbos
ממצוא . ר''ל שלא תעשה בו חפצך מדברים האסורים בשבת :
It means to say that one should not do his business needs of the thing that are forbidden on Shabbat.
May come to read business documents
One who invites guests and prepares types of fish for them, and writes down how many guests he invited and which type of fish he prepare, is forbidden to read it [what he wrote] on Shabbat. Even if he wrote it on a tall wall [it is forbidden], because there is a decree that he might read business articles, and it is even forbidden to glance at them without reading them (the Rash and Ran in Perek Hashoel and the Tur). But if he engraved it in the wall, it is allowed [to read it] but in books or tables, even if he engraved it, it is forbidden for him to read.
מתני' מונה אדם את אורחיו ואת פרפרותיו מפיו אבל לא מן הכתב
Mishna: One can count his guests and his extra portions [of food] verbally, but not from something written.
גמ' מ"ט רב ביבי אמר גזירה שמא ימחוק אבה' אמר גזירה שמא יקרא בשטרי הדיוטות
Gemara: What is the reason [that one cannot count from a written document]? Rav Bibi said: It is a rabbinical decree lest one comes to erase. Abaye said: It is a rabbinical decree lest one comes to read ordinary [business] documents.
Ma'aras Ayin / May come to read business documents
(א) נאמר בתורה תשבות אפילו מדברים שאינן מלאכה חייב לשבות מהן. ודברים הרבה הן שאסרו חכמים משום שבות. מהן דברים אסורים מפני שהן דומים למלאכות ומהן דברים אסורים גזרה שמא יבוא מהן איסור סקילה.
(1) [Regarding the Sabbath,] the Torah [Exodus 23:12] states: "[On the seventh day,] you shall cease activity." [This implies] ceasing [even the performance of certain] activities that are not [included in the categories of the forbidden] labors.1 [The Torah left the definition of the scope of this commandment to] the Sages, [who] forbade many activities as sh'vut. Some activities are forbidden because they resemble the forbidden labors, while other activities are forbidden lest they lead one to commit a forbidden labor.
The Debriziner Rebbe Paskins that one should not read current events on shabbos.
The Shvus Yaakov says that one is allowed to read the newspaper on shabbos.
Nolad | Business | Doing things the way of Shabbos | May Come to Read Business Docs | Ma'aras Ayin | |
Jewish Newspaper | Doesn’t apply (printed before Shabbos) | Doesn’t apply (doesn't have a business section) | May apply (is this in the way of Shabbos?) | May apply (is a list of guests similar to newspaper?) | May apply |
Normal Newspaper | Applies on Yom Tov (the rules of Nolad are more stringent on Yom Tov) | May apply to ads, applies to business section (are you reading the ads just for fun?) | May apply (is this in the way of Shabbos?) | Probably applies (there is a business section, and there are ads) | May apply |
Business Newspaper | Applies on Yom Tov (the rules of Nolad are more stringent on Yom Tov) | Does apply | May apply (is this in the way of Shabbos?) | Does Apply | May apply |
Ruling (but ask your local posek) | Reason | |
Jewish Newspaper | Might be allowed | Is it in the way of Shabbos? Will it lead to reading business documents? |
Normal Newspaper | Yom Tov - Asur Shabbos - Probably asur (but certainly no ads or business section) | Yom Tov - Nolad Shabbos - May come to read business docs (but the halacha prohibits ads or business section) Is it in the way of Shabbos? |
Business Newspaper | Always Asur | No business on Shabbos |