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Hakarat HaTov–Gratitude: Out Daily Struggle for K'dushah
Sources from essay by Rabbi Eric S. Gurvis in The Mussar Torah Commentary
Mussar teaches us to develop and live by the soul-trait known as hakarat hatov. Most often hakarat hatov is translated as "gratitude." I suggest a more expansive and nuanced view of this concept. My teacher Alan Morinis writes, "The Hebrew term for gratitude is hakarat hatov, which means, literally, recognizing the good? The good is already there. Practicing gratitude means being fully aware of the good that is already yours." This second (and to my mind, more expansive) view of hakarat hatov provides us with an additional lens through which to read and understand Parashat K'doshim.

Again and again, Jewish tradition teaches us to give thanks for the myriad blessings of our lives. As Psalm 92 reminds us, "It is good to praise the Eternal, to sing hymns to Your name, O Most High" (Psalm 92:2). And, in Psalm 100 we read, "Enter God's gates with thanksgning, God's courts with praise” (Psalm 100:4). Giving thanks is central to Jewish tradition's view of how me interact with our world, with our fellow human beings, and with God. I believe we should look beyond hakarat hatov as simply "giving thanks for the good," and in so doing we can acquire an additional quality with which me can navigate our lives and relationships.
-Rabbi Eric S. Gurvis
(ט) וּֽבְקֻצְרְכֶם֙ אֶת־קְצִ֣יר אַרְצְכֶ֔ם לֹ֧א תְכַלֶּ֛ה פְּאַ֥ת שָׂדְךָ֖ לִקְצֹ֑ר וְלֶ֥קֶט קְצִֽירְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תְלַקֵּֽט׃ (י) וְכַרְמְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תְעוֹלֵ֔ל וּפֶ֥רֶט כַּרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט לֶֽעָנִ֤י וְלַגֵּר֙ תַּעֲזֹ֣ב אֹתָ֔ם אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃

(9) When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field, or gather the gleanings of your harvest. (10) You shall not pick your vineyard bare, or gather the fallen fruit of your vineyard; you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger: I יהוה am your God.

We know this principle of peiah as a cornerstone of our tradition's expansive teachings on tzedakah ("righteous acts of providing for those in need"). Might we also view our acts of tzedakah through the lens of hakarat hatov? In my fulfillment of the sacred responsibility of tzedakah, can I see not only an extension of myself to others, but also an aspect of recognizing. and acknowledging the good that I enjoy?

(יח) לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהֹוָֽה׃
(18) You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against members of your people. Love your fellow [Israelite] as yourself: I am יהוה.

This verse is well-known, not only in the context of Jewish tradition but has been embraced far beyond the boundaries of our people and our communities. Yet, in the real world, we know that "loving" our neighbor is not always a simple matter. Still, hearing this call through the lens of hakarat hatov, we may better be able to fulfill this commandment. I may not love everything about my neighbor, but can I recognize what is good in her? Can I use hakarat hatov to appreciate and honor the ways in which she adds to our world?

(לב) מִפְּנֵ֤י שֵׂיבָה֙ תָּק֔וּם וְהָדַרְתָּ֖ פְּנֵ֣י זָקֵ֑ן וְיָרֵ֥אתָ מֵּאֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ אֲנִ֥י יְהֹוָֽה׃ {ס}
(32) You shall rise before the aged and show deference to the old; you shall fear your God: I am יהוה.

Many of us experience the treatment of the elders among us as deficient, a personal and communal failure to fulfill this mitzvah. As a society, we can do better. How might our engagement with our elders change if we viewed them not only through the lens of the kavod ("honor") to which this verse calls us, but also through hakarat hatov? Might we do better if we contemplate the good that our elders have contributed over the course of their lives? I cannot help but think of the stories of Choni HaMaagal in Tractate Taanit of the Babylonian Talmud, wherein he is taught to appreciate his forebearers who planted trees that he might enjoy their fruit and their shade.

As he closes his commentary on Parashat K'doshim in his seminal work Lev Eliyahu, Rabbi Eliyahu Lopian (1876-1970), a prominent disciple of the Kelm school of Mussar, directs our attention to the poem in Deuteronomy 32 wherein we read, "The Rock!-whose deeds are perfect, / Yea, all God ways are just; / A faithful God, never false, / True and upright indeed" (Deuteronomy 32:4-6). In its context in the Book of Deuteronomy, this poem is Moses's review of Israel's experience since Egypt. It describes the good God has bestowed on Israel in its journey, as well as Israel's faithlessness and ingratitude along the way. Rav Lopian reads these verses as declaring, "Our Torah is demanding, 'Where is your hakarat hatov? Is this how you repay God for all that God has conferred upon you?'? As he closes his commentary on K'doshim, Rav Lopian reminds his students that "our main service to God, and our purpose in this world, is to improve ourselves, through working on our dispositions, and on the middot which reside in our soul."
-Rabbi Eric S. Gurvis
Questions to Ask
  • As you read through Parashat K'doshim, which of the mitzvot in the portion offer you an opportunity to practice hakarat hatov (e.g., Leviticus 19:32, "You shall rise before the aged and show deference to the old; you shall fear your God: I am the Eternal")?
  • How might you extend hakarat hatov to the fulfillment of Leviticus 19:30, "You shall keep My sabbaths and venerate My sanctuary"?
  • In Leviticus 20:26 we read, "You shall be holy to Me, for I the Eternal am holy." How might one bring the practice of hakarat hatov to this penultimate verse of our portion?