Save "Vayakhel 5784 - Mirror, Mirror"
Vayakhel 5784 - Mirror, Mirror
וַיַּ֗עַשׂ אֵ֚ת הַכִּיּ֣וֹר נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וְאֵ֖ת כַּנּ֣וֹ נְחֹ֑שֶׁת בְּמַרְאֹת֙ הַצֹּ֣בְאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽבְא֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃ {ס}

He [Bezalel] made the laver of copper and its stand of copper, from the mirrors of the women who performed tasks at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.

כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, עָמְדוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִתְנַדְּבוּ, מִי שֶׁהֵבִיא כֶסֶף וּמִי שֶׁהֵבִיא זָהָב אוֹ נְחֹשֶׁת וְאַבְנֵי שֹׁהַם וְאַבְנֵי מִלּוּאִים, הֵבִיאוּ בִּזְרִיזוּת הַכֹּל. אָמְרוּ הַנָּשִׁים, מַה יֵּשׁ לָנוּ לִתֵּן בְּנִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן. עָמְדוּ וְהֵבִיאוּ אֶת הַמַּרְאוֹת וְהָלְכוּ לָהֶן אֵצֶל מֹשֶׁה. כְּשֶׁרָאָה מֹשֶׁה אוֹתָן הַמַּרְאוֹת, זָעַף בָּהֶן. אָמַר לָהֶם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, טְלוּ מַקְלוֹת וְשַׁבְּרוּ שׁוֹקֵיהֶן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ. הַמַּרְאוֹת לְמָה הֵן צְרִיכִין. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה, מֹשֶׁה, עַל אֵלּוּ אַתָּה מְבַזֶּה. הַמַּרְאוֹת הָאֵלּוּ הֵן הֶעֱמִידוּ כָּל הַצְּבָאוֹת הַלָּלוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם. טֹל מֵהֶן וַעֲשֵׂה מֵהֶן כִּיּוֹר נְחֹשֶׁת וְכַנּוֹ לַכֹּהֲנִים, שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ יִהְיוּ מִתְקַדְּשִׁין הַכֹּהֲנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיַּעַשׂ אֵת הַכִּיּוֹר נְחֹשֶׁת וְאֵת כַּנּוֹ נְחֹשֶׁת בְּמַרְאֹת הַצֹּבְאֹת אֲשֶׁר צָבְאוּ (שמות לח, ח), בְּאוֹתָן הַמַּרְאוֹת שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוּ אֶת כָּל הַצְּבָאוֹת הָאֵלֶּה.

When the Holy One, blessed be [God], told Moses to build the Tabernacle, all the Israelites brought their contributions. Some brought silver, others brought gold or copper or onyx stones or unset stones. They brought everything eagerly. The women asked themselves: What contribution can we make to the Sanctuary? They arose, took their mirrors, and brought them to Moses. When Moses saw them he became angry with them. He said to the Israelites: What purpose do these mirrors serve? The Holy One, blessed be [God], called out to Moses: Moses, do you mistreat them because of these? These very mirrors produced the hosts in Egypt. Take them and make a basin of brass and its base for the priests, that they may sanctify the priests from it, as it is said: And he made the laver of brass, and base thereof of brass, of the mirrors of the serving women that did service (ibid. 38:8), for they had produced all the hosts.

במראת הצבאת. בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיוּ בְיָדָן מַרְאוֹת שֶׁרוֹאוֹת בָּהֶן כְּשֶׁהֵן מִתְקַשְּׁטוֹת, וְאַף אוֹתָן לֹא עִכְּבוּ מִלְּהָבִיא לְנִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְהָיָה מוֹאֵס מֹשֶׁה בָּהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשׂוּיִם לְיֵצֶר הָרָע, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּבָּ"ה קַבֵּל, כִּי אֵלּוּ חֲבִיבִין עָלַי מִן הַכֹּל, שֶׁעַל יְדֵיהֶם הֶעֱמִידוּ הַנָּשִׁים צְבָאוֹת רַבּוֹת בְּמִצְרַיִם; כְּשֶׁהָיוּ בַעְלֵיהֶם יְגֵעִים בַּעֲבוֹדַת פֶּרֶךְ, הָיוּ הוֹלְכוֹת וּמוֹלִיכוֹת לָהֶם מַאֲכָל וּמִשְׁתֶּה, וּמַאֲכִילוֹת אוֹתָם וְנוֹטְלוֹת הַמַּרְאוֹת, וְכָל אַחַת רוֹאָה עַצְמָהּ עִם בַּעְלָהּ בַּמַּרְאָה, וּמְשַׁדַּלְתּוֹ בִדְבָרִים, לוֹמַר אֲנִי נָאָה מִמְּךָ, וּמִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ מְבִיאוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן לִידֵי תַאֲוָה וְנִזְקָקוֹת לָהֶם וּמִתְעַבְּרוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת שָׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר תַּחַת הַתַּפּוּחַ עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ (שיר השירים ח'), וְזֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמַרְאֹת הַצּוֹבְאוֹת. וְנַעֲשָׂה הַכִּיּוֹר מֵהֶם, שֶׁהוּא לָשׂוּם שָׁלוֹם בֵּין אִישׁ לְאִשְׁתּוֹ – לְהַשְׁקוֹת מִמַּיִם שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ לְמִי שֶׁקִּנֵּא לָהּ בַּעְלָהּ וְנִסְתְּרָה; וְתֵדַע לְךָ שֶׁהֵן מַרְאוֹת מַמָּשׁ, שֶׁהֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר וּנְחֹשֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָה שִׁבְעִים כִּכָּר וְגוֹ', וַיַּעַשׂ בָּהּ וְגוֹמֵר, וְכִיּוֹר וְכַנּוֹ לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ שָׁם, לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁל כִּיּוֹר מִנְּחֹשֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָה, כָּךְ דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא, וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם אֻנְקְלוֹס בְּמֶחְזְיָת נְשַׁיָא וְהוּא תַרְגּוּם שֶׁל מַרְאוֹת, מירוריי"ש בְּלַעַז. וְכֵן מָצִינוּ וְהַגִּלְיוֹנִים (ישעיה ג') – מְתַרְגְּמִינָן מֶחְזְיָתָא:

במראת הצבאת OF THE MIRRORS OF THE WOMEN CROWDING — The Israelite women possessed mirrors of copper into which they used to look when they adorned themselves. Even these did they not hesitate to bring as a contribution towards the Tabernacle. Now Moses was about to reject them since they were made to pander to their vanity, but the Holy One, blessed be [God], said to him, “Accept them; these are dearer to Me than all the other contributions, because through them the women reared those huge hosts in Egypt!” For when their husbands were tired through the crushing labour they used to bring them food and drink and induced them to eat. Then they would take the mirrors, and each gazed at herself in her mirror together with her husband, saying endearingly to him, “See, I am handsomer than you!” Thus they awakened their husbands’ affection and subsequently became the mothers of many children, at it is said, (Song 8:5) “I awakened thy love under the apple-tree”, (referring to the fields where the men worked). This is what it refers to when it states, מראות הצבאת “the mirrors of the women who reared the hosts (צבאות)” (Midrash Tanchuma, Pekudei 9). And it was for this reason that the laver was made of them (the mirrors) — because it served the purpose of promoting peace between man and wife viz., by giving of its waters to be drunk by a woman whose husband had shown himself jealous of her and who nevertheless had associated with another (cf. Numbers ch. 5) thus affording her an opportunity to prove her innocence (cf. Sotah 15b). You may know that the מראות mentioned in the text were really mirrors (and that the word does not mean visions, or appearance, etc.), for it is said, (v. 29) “And the copper of the wave-offering was seventy talents etc. … and therewith he made [the sockets etc.]” — the laver, however, and its base are not mentioned there amongst the articles made from that copper; hence you may learn that the copper of which the laver was made was not a part of the copper of the weave-offering, which is the only copper mentioned as having been contributed by the people. Thus did R. Tanchuma 2:11:9 explain the term מראת הצבאת. And so does Onkelos also render it: במחזית נשיא, and this first word is the Targum translation of מראות, in the sense of mireors in old French, for we find that for the word (Isaiah 3:23) “And the גליונים”, which are mirrors, we have in the Targum the same word מחזיתא.

במראת הצבאת לשון ראיה פי׳‎ היה נתון בין אהל מועד ובין המזבח משוך מעט כלפי צפון כדי שתראנה אותו הנשים הצובאות ויהיה נזכר להם שמשם משקים את הסוטות כדכתיב בפרשת סוטה מים קדושים בכלי חרס, ומתרגמינן מי כיור במאן דחסף. ולפי פרש״‎י במראת הצבאת כמו ממראות בי״‎ת במקום מ״‎ם, דוגמא והנותר בבשר ובלחם.
במראות הצובאות, “with the mirrors of the serving women.” The word מראות is based on ראיה, “eyesight.” The laver was placed between the entrance to the Tabernacle and the copper altar (the altar on which most sacrifices were offered) slightly north of center. It was placed there so that the women who had contributed their mirrors could see it from the section in the courtyard reserved for women. It would also serve as a reminder that women whose husbands suspected them of infidelity without having proof that could be presented at court, and who had denied the accusation, would have to drink “bitter” waters drawn from the water in the laver, and would risk their lives by doing so if they had lied. [Compare Numbers 5,11-31.] According to Rashi, the prefix ב in the word במראות is to be understood as if it had been the letter מ, so that the word means: ”from the (material) of which their mirrors was made of,” i.e. polished copper. Exchanging the letter מ for the letter ב, is not unique. One example is found in Leviticus 8,32: והנותר בבשר ובלחם, “and whatever remains from the meat and from the bread.
Why is this portion, Vayakhel, different from all other Torah portions? In this portion, and this portion alone, the women of the children of Israel are identified as a significant group within the larger whole. Other portions mention individual women as part of the larger narrative, but no other so clearly demonstrates the significant place that women qua women have within the larger community. Elsewhere, we learn of the deeds of individual women. But details of women's daily lives and activities are markedly absent. We know something about how men spent their time—how they labored and what concerned them. But this is the only portion that gives us a taste of the variety of ways that women contributed to the vitality and maintenance of the people's material and spiritual life. ...
What follows, however, is nothing short of extraordinary in the realm of biblical narrative. the women suddenly become an important collective entity within the community of Israel. Women, too, hear and heed God's call. Not once, but repeatedly, this Torah portion specifically mentions the women. ... Everyone brought what he or she had as an offering. This single sentence establishes that the "all" includes both men and women, So grammatically speaking, the explicit repetition of "the women" in subsequent verses is really unnecessary, even superfluous. Yet, the Torah insists on repeating "the women" multiple times, underscoring the importance of their participation in this most sacred communal endeavor. ...
The explicit inclusion of women in this week's portion is like a blast on the shofar. It stands in stark contrast to the deafening silence that pervades most of the Torah. The portion makes us wonder about the many ways that women's experiences were written out of our people's collective memory and history. It encourages us to seek out hints of the ways that women contributed to an participated in the life of our people. And it reminds us of how communal leaders often value the actions and lives only of those most like themselves.
As women, we are highly sensitized to the absence of women or the exclusion of women from our people's narrative. But women did not and do not have an exclusive claim to invisibility. We are not the only victims of collective amnesia. Each generation has members whose stories are included in the community's narrative, and those whose stories are consciously or unconsciously excluded. By erasing these lives and contributions from the contemporary narrative, we are making it all the more difficult for these hidden members to be included in our future narrative as well.
"Vayakhel: Of Women and Mirrors" by Rabbi Nancy H. Wiener, in The Women's Torah Commentary, ed. Rabbi Elyse Goldstein (2000, pgs. 172-178)