(7) The place was named Massah because the Israelites quarreled and because they tried יהוה, saying, “Is יהוה present among us or not?”
Object constancy is a psychodynamic concept, and we could think of it as the emotional equivalence of object permanence. To develop this skill, we mature into the understanding that our caregiver is simultaneously a loving presence and a separate individual who could walk away. Rather than needing to be with them all the time, we have an "internalized image" of our parents’ love and care. So even when they are temporarily out of sight, we still know we are loved and supported.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/living-emotional-intensity/201808/are-your-loved-ones-out-sight-out-mind
(א) וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ (ב) דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיִקְחוּ־לִ֖י תְּרוּמָ֑ה מֵאֵ֤ת כׇּל־אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדְּבֶ֣נּוּ לִבּ֔וֹ תִּקְח֖וּ אֶת־תְּרוּמָתִֽי׃
Beyond the Binary of Heart and Mind
'לֵב (n-m) heb
-
- inner 'man', mind, will, heart, understanding
- inner part, midst
- midst (of things)
- heart (of man)
- soul, heart (of man)
- mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
- inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
- conscience
- heart (of moral character)
- as seat of appetites
- as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
- inner part, midst
- inner 'man', mind, will, heart, understanding
The word “heart” (lev) appears fourteen times—a multiple of seven, the biblical symbol of completion or totality.6 While the contributors must be “generous of heart,” the actual builders must be “wise of heart” (hakham lev). The Torah seems to go out of its way to emphasize that both the giving and the constructing must be done with “heart.” The question, of course, is why. What is it about the construction of the mishkan that makes giving from the heart so fundamental? The answer, I think, lies in the fact that the heart is the great equalizer.
From (A) Building with Heart, Rabbi Shai Held
https://mechonhadar.s3.amazonaws.com/mh_torah_source_sheets/CJLIParashatVaYakhelPekudei5775.pdf
“Constructing an adequate place for the holiness of God is indeed human work, wrought in generosity.”
Walter Brueggemann, “Exodus,” The New Interpreter’s Bible, vol. 1 (1994), p. 888.
וסוד המשכן הוא, שיהיה הכבוד אשר שכן על הר סיני, שוכן עליו בנסתר.
The secret of the Mishkan—the real reason of the Mishkan—is that the glory of God that was on Har Sinai, dwells in the Mishkan- but in a hidden fashion.
יכלה דוקא צורתו של המשכן לעורר בלב העם את רגש הבטחון בנוכחות של בתוכם ה'.
The very design of the Tabernacle was to awaken in the heart of the nation a feeling of confidence that God was in their midst…(Umberto Cassuto)
Professor Umberto Cassuto was an Italian Bible Scholar, who was the Chief Rabbi of Florence and then moved to Israel in 1938 to become a professor at Hebrew University.
(א) וַיַּקְהֵ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֶֽת־כׇּל־עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לַעֲשֹׂ֥ת אֹתָֽם׃
(1) Moses then convoked the whole Israelite community and said to them: These are the things that יהוה has commanded you to do:
(א) וַיַּ֣רְא הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־בֹשֵׁ֥שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה לָרֶ֣דֶת מִן־הָהָ֑ר וַיִּקָּהֵ֨ל הָעָ֜ם עַֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ ק֣וּם ׀ עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֵֽלְכוּ֙ לְפָנֵ֔ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה ׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֶֽעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃
(ד) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־כׇּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ (ה) קְח֨וּ מֵֽאִתְּכֶ֤ם תְּרוּמָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה כֹּ֚ל נְדִ֣יב לִבּ֔וֹ יְבִיאֶ֕הָ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃ (ו) וּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים׃ (ז) וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאׇדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַעֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּֽים׃ (ח) וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּא֑וֹר וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים׃ (ט) וְאַ֨בְנֵי־שֹׁ֔הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ (י) וְכׇל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב בָּכֶ֑ם יָבֹ֣אוּ וְיַעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֛ת כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה יְהֹוָֽה׃
(4) Moses said further to the whole community of Israelites: This is what יהוה has commanded: (5) Take from among you gifts to יהוה; everyone whose heart is so moved shall bring them—gifts for יהוה: gold, silver, and copper; (6) blue, purple, and crimson yarns, fine linen, and goats’ hair; (7) tanned ram skins, dolphin skins, and acacia wood; (8) oil for lighting, spices for the anointing oil and for the aromatic incense; (9) lapis lazuli and other stones for setting, for the ephod and the breastpiece. (10) And let all among you who are skilled come and make all that יהוה has commanded:
(כא) וַיָּבֹ֕אוּ כׇּל־אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֑וֹ וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נָדְבָ֨ה רוּח֜וֹ אֹת֗וֹ הֵ֠בִ֠יאוּ אֶת־תְּרוּמַ֨ת יְהֹוָ֜ה לִמְלֶ֨אכֶת אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ וּלְכׇל־עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ וּלְבִגְדֵ֖י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃ (כב) וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים עַל־הַנָּשִׁ֑ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ נְדִ֣יב לֵ֗ב הֵ֠בִ֠יאוּ חָ֣ח וָנֶ֜זֶם וְטַבַּ֤עַת וְכוּמָז֙ כׇּל־כְּלִ֣י זָהָ֔ב וְכׇל־אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵנִ֛יף תְּנוּפַ֥ת זָהָ֖ב לַיהֹוָֽה׃ (כג) וְכׇל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֣א אִתּ֗וֹ תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ וְעִזִּ֑ים וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאׇדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים הֵבִֽיאוּ׃ (כד) כׇּל־מֵרִ֗ים תְּר֤וּמַת כֶּ֙סֶף֙ וּנְחֹ֔שֶׁת הֵבִ֕יאוּ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נִמְצָ֨א אִתּ֜וֹ עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֛ים לְכׇל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה הֵבִֽיאוּ׃ (כה) וְכׇל־אִשָּׁ֥ה חַכְמַת־לֵ֖ב בְּיָדֶ֣יהָ טָו֑וּ וַיָּבִ֣יאוּ מַטְוֶ֗ה אֶֽת־הַתְּכֵ֙לֶת֙ וְאֶת־הָֽאַרְגָּמָ֔ן אֶת־תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וְאֶת־הַשֵּֽׁשׁ׃ (כו) וְכׇ֨ל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָשָׂ֥א לִבָּ֛ן אֹתָ֖נָה בְּחׇכְמָ֑ה טָו֖וּ אֶת־הָעִזִּֽים׃ (כז) וְהַנְּשִׂאִ֣ם הֵבִ֔יאוּ אֵ֚ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם וְאֵ֖ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים לָאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֹֽשֶׁן׃ (כח) וְאֶת־הַבֹּ֖שֶׂם וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑מֶן לְמָא֕וֹר וּלְשֶׁ֙מֶן֙ הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים׃ (כט) כׇּל־אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֣ב לִבָּם֮ אֹתָם֒ לְהָבִיא֙ לְכׇל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּיַד־מֹשֶׁ֑ה הֵבִ֧יאוּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל נְדָבָ֖ה לַיהֹוָֽה׃ {פ}
(א) וטעם ויבואו האנשים על הנשים בעבור כי הנדבה בתכשיטין היא מצויה אצל הנשים יותר, וכלן היו להן, ופרקו נזמיהן וטבעותיהן מיד, ובאו תחלה, והאנשים אשר נמצאו להם הביאו עמהם, כי טעם על הנשים שהן היו שם בראשונה והאנשים נטפלו להן.
(1) AND THE MEN CAME ‘AL HANASHIM’ (WITH THE WOMEN). The meaning of this expression is that because donations of ornaments were more common amongst women, and they all had these jewels [cited in the verse: nose-rings, and ear-rings, and signet-rings, and golden beads, all jewels of gold], therefore they immediately pulled off their ear-rings and signet-rings and were the first to come to Moses, and [afterwards] they brought with them those men with whom they found ornaments. For the phrase al hanashim indicates that they were there first, while the men joined them later.
דָּבָר אַחֵר, רְאוּ קָרָא ה' בְּשֵׁם, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב (ישעיה נד, טז): הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי בָּרָאתִי חָרָשׁ, זֶה בְּצַלְאֵל. נֹפֵחַ בְּאֵשׁ פֶּחָם, חָטְאוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בָּאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות לב, כד): וָאַשְׁלִכֵהוּ בָאֵשׁ וַיֵּצֵא הָעֵגֶל הַזֶּה, בָּא בְּצַלְאֵל וְרִפֵּא אֶת הַמַּכָּה. מָשָׁל לְתַלְמִידוֹ שֶׁל רוֹפֵא שֶׁנָּתַן רְטִיָּה עַל מַכָּה אַחַת וְנִתְרַפֵּאת, וְהָיוּ מְקַלְּסִין אוֹתוֹ, אָמַר לָהֶם רַבּוֹ קַלְּסוּ לִי שֶׁלִּמַּדְתִּיו. כָּךְ הָיוּ הַכֹּל אוֹמְרִים בְּצַלְאֵל בְּחָכְמָתוֹ וּבִתְבוּנָתוֹ עָשָׂה אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֲנִי הוּא שֶׁבְּרָאתִיו וְלִמַּדְתִּיו, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הִנֵּה אָנֹכִי בָּרָאתִי חָרָשׁ, לְפִיכָךְ אָמַר משֶׁה: רְאוּ קָרָא ה' בְּשֵׁם.
(8) He made the laver of copper and its stand of copper, from the mirrors of the women who performed tasks at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting.
What are these Mirrors?
Based on archaeological findings dating from the mid-2nd millennium until the 7th c. BCE, we know that ancient mirrors were traditionally slightly convex and made of copper, bronze, or brass (both alloys of copper)—highly polished to allow for the reflection of a face. Images from Ancient Egyptian painting and carvings suggest that they were used by both men and women who spent a great deal of time working on their appearance, especially in the application of makeup.
A Copper Laver Made from Women’s Mirrors, by Professor Rachel Adelman
https://www.thetorah.com/article/a-copper-laver-made-from-womens-mirrors
(כב) וְעֵלִ֖י זָקֵ֣ן מְאֹ֑ד וְשָׁמַ֗ע אֵת֩ כׇּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשׂ֤וּן בָּנָיו֙ לְכׇל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֵ֤ת אֲשֶֽׁר־יִשְׁכְּבוּן֙ אֶת־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים הַצֹּ֣בְא֔וֹת פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃
(22) Now Eli was very old. When he heard all that his sons were doing to all Israel, and how they lay with the women who performed tasks at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting,
(כב) נָשֹׂ֗א אֶת־רֹ֛אשׁ בְּנֵ֥י גֵרְשׁ֖וֹן גַּם־הֵ֑ם לְבֵ֥ית אֲבֹתָ֖ם לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָֽם׃ (כג) מִבֶּן֩ שְׁלֹשִׁ֨ים שָׁנָ֜ה וָמַ֗עְלָה עַ֛ד בֶּן־חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה תִּפְקֹ֣ד אוֹתָ֑ם כׇּל־הַבָּא֙ לִצְבֹ֣א צָבָ֔א לַעֲבֹ֥ד עֲבֹדָ֖ה בְּאֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃
אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְגוֹ', וּנְחֹשֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָה (שמות לח, כט)...... אַתָּה מוֹצֵא, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּעֲבוֹדַת פֶּרֶךְ בְּמִצְרַיִם, גָּזַר עֲלֵיהֶם פַּרְעֹה שֶׁלֹּא יְהִיוּ יְשֵׁנִים בְּבָתֵּיהֶן, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ מְשַׁמְּשִׁין מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר חֲלַפְתָּא, מֶה הָיוּ בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹשׂוֹת. יוֹרְדוֹת לִשְׁאֹב מַיִם מִן הַיְאוֹר, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הָיָה מַזְמִין לָהֶם דָּגִים קְטַנִּים בְּתוֹךְ כַּדֵּיהֶן, וְהֵן מוֹכְרוֹת וּמְבַשְּׁלוֹת מֵהֵן וְלוֹקְחוֹת מֵהֶן יַיִן וְהוֹלְכוֹת לַשָּׂדֶה וּמַאֲכִילוֹת אֶת בַעְלֵיהֶן שָׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְכָל עֲבֹדָה בַּשָּׂדֶה (שמות א, יד). מִשֶּׁהָיוּ אוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין, נוֹטְלוֹת הַמַּרְאוֹת וּמַבִּיטוֹת בָּהֶן עִם בַּעְלֵיהֶן, זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת אֲנִי נָאָה מִמְּךָ, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אֲנִי נָאֶה מִמֵּךְ, וּמִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ הָיוּ מַרְגִּילִין עַצְמָן לִידֵי תַאֲוָה וּפָרִין וְרָבִין, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא פּוֹקְדָן לְאַלְתָּר.
These are the accounts of the tabernacle … and the bronze of the offering (Exod. 38:21, 29). ...... You find that while the Israelites were making bricks in Egypt, Pharaoh decreed that they were not to sleep at home so that they would not have intercourse with their wives. R. Simeon the son of Halafta said: What did the Israelite women do? They would go to the Nile to draw water, and the Holy One, blessed be He, would fill their jugs with little fishes. They would (sell some), cook and prepare (the fish), and buy some wine (with the proceeds of the sale), and then bring it to their husbands in the fields, as it is said: In all manner of service in the field (Exod. 1:14). While the men were eating and drinking, the women would take out their mirrors and glance into them with their husbands. They would say: “I am more attractive than you,” and the men would reply: “I am handsomer than you.” In that way they would arose their sexual desires and become fruitful and multiply. The Holy One, blessed be He, caused them to conceive on the spot.
The mirror game of the midrash is playful, as the woman teases her husband. Playfulness evokes a sense of delight, and innocence, a suggestion of faith that goodness and pleasure continue to exist. Aviva Zornberg, in her extensive analysis of this midrash, calls the mirror game transformative, reminding the enslaved, beaten-down men of the beauty in the world: “Her boast, as they gaze together at their reflection in the mirror, is a challenge to her husband, grimy with clay and mud, to see beauty within that blackness.” (Zornberg, The Particulars of Rapture, p. 61).
Resources:
Rachel Adelman, A Copper Laver Made from Women’s Mirrors
https://www.thetorah.com/article/a-copper-laver-made-from-womens-mirrors
Rabbi Shai Held, Building With Heart
https://www.hadar.org/torah-tefillah/resources/building-heart
Rabbi Sharon Cohen Anisfeld, Speaking Torah: “Betzalel came and healed the wound.”
https://hebrewcollege.edu/blog/betzalel-came-and-healed-the-wound/