לתלות מזוזה במכונית לשמירה-Hanging a Mezuzah in a Car For Protection

.... הדר שדר גונדא אחרינא אבתריה אמר להו לא תשתעו מידי בהדיה כי נקטי ליה ואזלי חזא מזוזתא [דמנחא אפתחא] אותיב ידיה עלה ואמר להו מאי האי אמרו ליה אימא לן את אמר להו מנהגו של עולם מלך בשר ודם יושב מבפנים ועבדיו משמרים אותו מבחוץ ואילו הקב"ה עבדיו מבפנים והוא משמרן מבחוץ שנאמר (תהלים קכא, ח) ה' ישמר צאתך ובואך מעתה ועד עולם איגיור תו לא שדר בתריה (בראשית כה, כג)

The bundle is separated. § The Gemara mentions other Romans who converted to Judaism. It relates: Onkelos bar Kelonimos converted to Judaism. The Roman emperor sent a troop [gunda] of Roman soldiers after him to seize Onkelos and bring him to the emperor. Onkelos drew them toward him with verses that he cited and learned with them, and they converted. The emperor then sent another troop of Roman soldiers after him, and said to them: Do not say anything to him, so that he cannot convince you with his arguments. The troops followed this instruction, and took Onkelos with them. When they were walking, Onkelos said to the troop of soldiers: I will say a mere statement to you: A minor official [nifyora] holds a torch before a high official [apifyora], the high official holds a torch for a duke [dukasa], a duke for the governor, and the governor for the ruler [koma]. Does the ruler hold a torch before the common people? The soldiers said to Onkelos: No. Onkelos said to them: Yet the Holy One, Blessed be He, holds a torch before the Jewish people, as it is written: “And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of cloud, to lead them the way, and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light” (Exodus 13:21). They all converted. The emperor then sent another troop of soldiers after him, to bring Onkelos, and said to them: Do not converse with him at all. The troops followed this instruction, and took Onkelos with them. While they grabbed him and were walking, Onkelos saw a mezuza that was placed on the doorway. He placed his hand upon it and said to the soldiers: What is this? They said to him: You tell us. Onkelos said to them: The standard practice throughout the world is that a king of flesh and blood sits inside his palace, and his servants stand guard, protecting him outside; but with regard to the Holy One, Blessed be He, His servants, the Jewish people, sit inside their homes and He guards over them outside. As it is stated: “The Lord shall guard your going out and your coming in, from now and forever” (Psalms 121:8). Upon hearing this, those soldiers also converted to Judaism. After that, the emperor sent no more soldiers after him. § The Gemara returns to its discussion of Antoninus: When the matriarch Rebecca was pregnant with Jacob and Esau, “the Lord said to her: Two nations [goyim] are in your womb” (Genesis 25:23). Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: Do not read it as goyim, meaning nations; rather read it as geyim, meaning proud ones. This verse was fulfilled in two prominent individuals who descended from Rebecca, Antoninus and Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, whose tables, due to their wealth, never lacked for lettuce, nor cucumbers, nor radish, neither in the summer nor in the rainy season, despite the fact that these foods do not grow year round. The reason they ensured that these items were always present at their tables is that the Master said: A radish breaks up food, lettuce stirs up food, and cucumbers expand the intestines. The Gemara asks: But isn’t it taught in the school of Rabbi Yishmael: Why are they called cucumbers [kishuin]? It is because they are as harmful [kashim] to a person’s body as swords. The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. This statement, that they are harmful to the body, is referring to large cucumbers, whereas that statement, explaining why they were always present on the tables of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi and Antoninus, is referring to small ones. § The mishna teaches that according to Rabbi Meir the birthday of the king and the day of the death of the king are considered gentile festivals, whereas the Rabbis hold that only a death that includes public burning is considered a festival that includes idol worship. The Gemara comments: By inference, this means that Rabbi Meir holds that there is no difference whether it is a death that includes public burning, and there is no difference whether it is a death that does not include public burning; in either case, they engage in idol worship on that occasion. Evidently, Rabbi Meir holds that the burning performed at the death of the king is not an idolatrous custom, as it is not the cause of the prohibition. The Gemara continues: From here, one can conclude by inference that the Rabbis hold that the burning upon the death of the king is an idolatrous custom. The Gemara raises a difficulty: But isn’t it taught in a baraita: We burn items upon the death of kings as an expression of grief, and this is not of the ways of the Amorites, but rather a Jewish custom? And if this is an idolatrous custom, how could we perform this public burning? But isn’t it written: “And you shall not walk in their statutes” (Leviticus 18:3)? Rather, everyone agrees that the public burning itself is not an idolatrous custom. Rather, it is performed due to the great importance of the king who passed away. And here, in the mishna, they disagree about this: Rabbi Meir holds that there is no difference whether it is a death that includes public burning and there is no difference whether it is a death that does not include public burning; in either case, in practice they engage in idol worship on that occasion. And the Rabbis hold that a death that includes public burning is important to the gentiles, and therefore they engage in idol worship on that occasion, but a death that does not include public burning is not important to them, and they do not engage in idol worship on that occasion. Having mentioned this baraita, the Gemara returns to discuss the matter itself. The baraita teaches: One burns items due to the death of kings as an expression of grief, and this is not subject to the prohibition of imitating the ways of the Amorites, since it is a Jewish custom. As it is stated that Jeremiah prophesied to Zedekiah king of Judah: “You shall die in peace; and with the burnings of your fathers, the former kings that were before you, so shall they make a burning for you” (Jeremiah 34:5). And just as one burns items upon the death of the kings, so too one burns items upon the death of the heads of the Sanhedrin. And what items do they burn upon the death of kings? They burn the kings’ beds and their utensils, so that no one else can make use of them. And there was an incident in which Rabban Gamliel the Elder died, and upon his death Onkelos the convert burned seven thousand dinars in valuable Tyrian coinage. The Gemara asks: But didn’t you state in response to the question: What do they burn upon the death of kings, that they burn their beds and their utensils? Why, then, did Onkelos burn money? The Gemara answers: Say that Onkelos burned items that were valued at seven thousand dinars in Tyrian coinage. The Gemara asks: And are other items not destroyed in order to accord honor to the deceased king, apart from his utensils? But isn’t it taught in a baraita that we detach the hooves of livestock upon the death of kings, and this is not subject to the prohibition of the ways of the Amorites? Rav Pappa says: That baraita is referring to the horse upon which the king rode. Since that animal was designated as the king’s personal item, it is therefore rendered unusable for anyone else, like his personal utensils. The Gemara asks: And did they not detach the hooves of the king’s kosher animals, which are not used by the king for riding? But isn’t it taught in a baraita: If removing the hooves of an animal would entail that it becomes an animal with a wound that will cause it to die within twelve months [tereifa], it is prohibited to do so. And when doing so would not entail rendering it a tereifa, it is permitted. And what is a way of removing hooves that does not entail rendering the animal a tereifa?

אמר רבא מצוה להניחה בטפח הסמוך לרה"ר מאי טעמא רבנן אמרי כדי שיפגע במזוזה מיד רב חנינא מסורא אומר כי היכי דתינטריה אמר רבי חנינא בוא וראה שלא כמדת הקב"ה מדת בשר ודם מדת בשר ודם מלך יושב מבפנים ועם משמרין אותו מבחוץ מדת הקב"ה אינו כן עבדיו יושבין מבפנים והוא משמרן מבחוץ שנאמר (תהלים קכא, ה) ה' שומרך ה' צלך על יד ימינך

and what is the meaning of the phrase: The beginning of the upper third of the entrance, that Shmuel says? This is referring to the maximum distancing of the mezuza from the doorframe, i.e., that one should not distance it from the upper cross beam more than one-third of the height of the entrance. § Rava says: It is a mitzva to place the mezuza in the handbreadth adjacent to the public domain. The Gemara asks: What is the reason for this? The Rabbis say that it is in order that one encounter the mezuza immediately upon one’s entrance to the house. Rav Ḥanina from Sura says: It is in order that the mezuza protect the entire house, by placing it as far outside as one can. The Gemara adds: Rabbi Ḥanina says: Come and see that the attribute of flesh and blood is not like the attribute of the Holy One, Blessed be He. The attribute of flesh and blood is that a king sits inside his palace, and the people protect him from the outside, whereas with regard to the attribute of the Holy One, Blessed be He, it is not so. Rather, His servants, the Jewish people, sit inside their homes, and He protects them from the outside. As it is stated: “The Lord is your keeper, the Lord is your shade upon your right hand” (Psalms 121:5).

(ד) מִנְהָג פָּשׁוּט שֶׁכּוֹתְבִים עַל הַמְּזוּזָה מִבַּחוּץ כְּנֶגֶד הָרֶוַח שֶׁבֵּין פָּרָשָׁה לְפָרָשָׁה שַׁדַּי וְאֵין בָּזֶה הֶפְסֵד לְפִי שֶׁהוּא מִבַּחוּץ. אֲבָל אֵלּוּ שֶׁכּוֹתְבִין מִבִּפְנִים שְׁמוֹת הַמַּלְאָכִים אוֹ שֵׁמוֹת קְדוֹשִׁים אוֹ פָּסוּק אוֹ חוֹתָמוֹת הֲרֵי הֵן בִּכְלַל מִי שֶׁאֵין לָהֶם חֵלֶק לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. שֶׁאֵלּוּ הַטִּפְּשִׁים לֹא דַּי לָהֶם שֶׁבִּטְּלוּ הַמִּצְוָה אֶלָּא שֶׁעָשׂוּ מִצְוָה גְּדוֹלָה שֶׁהִיא יִחוּד הַשֵּׁם שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא וְאַהֲבָתוֹ וַעֲבוֹדָתוֹ כְּאִלּוּ הוּא קָמֵעַ שֶׁל הֲנָיַת עַצְמָן כְּמוֹ שֶׁעָלָה עַל לִבָּם הַסָּכָל שֶׁזֶּהוּ דָּבָר הַמְהַנֶּה בְּהַבְלֵי הָעוֹלָם:

(4) It is a common custom to write [God's name,] Shaddai,1This name serves as an acronym for the Hebrew words, שומר דלתות ישראל, "Guardian of the gates of Israel" (Mishnat Chassidim). on the outside of a mezuzah opposite the empty space left between the two passages.2The Kessef Mishneh cites the Zohar (Vol. III, 266a) which states that Shaddai should be written opposite the word, V'hayah. There is no difficulty in this, since [the addition is made] outside.3See also the Ramah (Yoreh De'ah 288:15) who states that it is also common to write the letters, כוזו במוכסז כוזו, opposite the words, י-ה-ו-ה א-להנו י-ה-ו-ה, on the outer side of a mezuzah. These letters are the letters which follow the letters in those names of God - i.e., the כ follows the י, the ז follows the ו.
Those, however, who write the names of angels, other sacred names, verses, or forms, on the inside [of a mezuzah] are among those who do not have a portion in the world to come.4In Hilchot Avodat Kochavim 11:12, the Rambam states:
A person who whispers an incantation over a wound and then recites a verse from the Torah, who recites a verse over a child so that he will not become scared, or who places a Torah scroll or tefillin over a baby so that it will sleep, is considered to be a soothsayer or one who casts spells. Furthermore, such people are included among those who deny the Torah, because they relate to the words of the Torah as if they are cures for the body, when, in fact, they are cures for the soul, as [Proverbs 3:22] states: "And they shall be life for your soul."
The inclusion of these people among "those who do not have a portion in the world to come" is based on Hilchot Teshuvah 3:8, which makes such a statement about "those who deny the Torah."
Not only do these fools nullify the mitzvah,5As stated in the previous halachah, any addition made on the inside of the mezuzah invalidates it. (Significantly, the Shulchan Aruch 288:15 states that it is forbidden to add to the inside of the mezuzah, but does not explicitly say that the mezuzah becomes invalidated.) but furthermore, they make from a great mitzvah [which reflects] the unity of the name of the Holy One, blessed be He, the love of Him, and the service of Him,6These are the subjects discussed in the two passages written within the mezuzah. a talisman for their own benefit. They, in their foolish conception, think that this will help them regarding the vanities of the world.7The Rambam's statements have aroused questions from many commentaries who note that, in several places, the Talmud associates a mezuzah with Divine protection - e.g., Menachot 33b, the Jerusalem Talmud, Pe'ah 1:1.
The Kessef Mishneh resolves this difficulty explaining that, although a mezuzah affords Divine protection, that protection comes, in and of itself, in reward for the fulfillment of the mitzvah. There is no need for any additions on man's part. Indeed, a person who makes additions to the mezuzah in an attempt to increase its influence demonstrates that he is concerned with "his own benefit" and "the vanities of the world" and not with the fulfillment of God's mitzvah. Therefore, he deserves the Rambam's severe words of criticism. See Likkutei Sichot, Vol. 19.1. Our translation follows the standard text of the Mishneh Torah. The Kessef Mishneh mentions another version which states "at the beginning or the end of the line." That version parallels the apparent source for the halachah, Menachot 31b.2. This custom is also recorded by Rav Yitzchak Alfasi, and earlier, in the halachot of Rav Yehudai Gaon. It is not clear when this custom was begun.3. As mentioned in Halachah 2, a space is left at the beginning of the line so that the passage, V'hayah im shamo'a, will be written in the s'tumah form.

ואין זו טענה דהא בפרק הקומץ (מנחות דף ל״ג:) גבי מזוזה צריך להניחה בטפח הסמוך לר״ה אמר רב הונא מ״ט כי היכי דתנטריה לכך צ״ל דאין הכי נמי שהמזוזה שומרת הבית כשהיא כתובה כתקנה לא המלאכים הכתובים בה מבפנים וגם אין הכוונה בעשייתה לשמור הבית אלא צריך שיכוין לקיים מצות הקדוש ברוך הוא וממילא נמשך שתשמור הבית.

רא״ש מנחות תפילין יח׳
בפנים אין להוסיף מאומה…לפי שנראה כאילו מכוין לעשות לו קמיע לשמירה. אלא יעשה המצוה כתיקונה לקיים מאמר הבורא יתברך דהוא שומרנו וצילנו.
שו״ת שבט לוי (י׳ קפא)
ב״י או״ח תקט״ז בשם בעל ההשלמה
עוד יש שואלים היאך שרי לשדורי תפילין בי"ט משום דהוי דבר שניאותין בו בחול מ"מ לא הוי צורך י"ט ואפי' במועד אמרינן אין מוליכין ומביאין כלים מבית האומן אלא לצורך המועד כ"ש בי"ט י"ל כיון ששמח עכשיו בהן צורך הוא א"נ שרוצה ללמוד בהם תורה א"נ שרוצה להניחם לנטורי נפשיה ולא בתורת חיוב עכ"ל.

(כה) (כד) כ"א לצורך - היינו כדי שלא יגנבו או שלא יתקלקלו בחמה וכיוצא בזה והט"ז ומ"א מחמירין וסוברין דתפלין מקרי כלי שמלאכתו לאיסור דהרי אסור להניחן בשבת וכנ"ל בסימן ל"א וע"כ אין לטלטלן כ"א בצריך לגופן [היינו כדי שישמרוהו מהמזיקין] או למקומן ומ"מ במקום הדחק יש להקל כדעה הראשונה וכמו שכתבנו בסימן ל"א בבה"ל ע"ש:

אַרְטַבָּן שְׁלַח לְרַבֵּינוּ הַקָּדוֹשׁ חַד מַרְגְּלִי טָבָא אַטִימֵיטוֹן. אֲמַר לֵיהּ שְׁלַח לִי מִילָּה דְּטָבָה דִכְווָתָהּ. שְׁלַח לֵיהּ חַד מְזוּזָה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ אֲנָה שְׁלָחִית לָךְ מִילָּה דְּלֵית לָהּ טִימֵי. וְאַתְּ שְׁלַחְתְּ לִי מִילָּה דְּטָבָא חַד פוֹלָר. אֲמָר לֵיהּ חֲפָצֶיךָ וַחֲפָצַי לֹא יִשְׁווּ בָהּ. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא דְּאַתְּ שְׁלַחְתְּ לִי מִילָּה דַּאֲנָא מְנַטַּר לָהּ. וַאֲנָא שְׁלָחִית לָךְ מִילָּה דְּאַתְּ דְּמָךְ לָךְ וְהִיא מְנַטְּרָא לָךְ דִּכְתִיב בְּהִתְהֲלֶכְךָ תַּנְחֶה אוֹתָךְ.

Artaban sent a priceless precious pearl to Rebbi and said to him: Send me a thing of equal value. He sent him a mezuzah. He said to him: I sent you a priceless thing and you send me something worth a follis! He said to him, your possessions and mine together are not equal to it! Not only that, but you sent me something that I have to watch over and I sent you something that watches over you while you are sleeping

Artaban sent a priceless precious pearl to our holy teacher and said to him: Send me a thing of equal value. He sent him a mezuzah. He said to him: I sent you a priceless thing and you send me something worth a follis! He said to him, your possessions and mine together are not equal to it! Not only that, but you sent me something that I have to watch over and I sent you something that watches over you while you are sleeping, as it is written (Prov. 6:22): “I will make you rest when you are rambling.”
שאילתות (קמה׳) [הוספה על גירסת גמ׳ דידן]
מיד נכנס שד בבתו של ארטבן ולא היה לו אלא בת אחת ובאו כל הרופאים ולא הועילו לה כיון שנטל ארטבן את המזוזה ושם לה על הפתח מיד ברחה אותה שדה ונטל רבינו הקדוש מרגלית לעצמו
הליכות עולם להגרע״י (ח׳ עמוד רטז)
ואע״פ שבשו״ת שבט לוי כתב שאין הדבר נוח לו מ״מ כשעושים כן מצד אמונה שיש בה כדי להגן, אין למנוע מזה, שיש להם על מה שיסמוכו.