תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: לְעוֹלָם יְהֵא אָדָם רַךְ כְּקָנֶה וְאַל יְהֵא קָשֶׁה כְּאֶרֶז. מַעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבָּא רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מִמִּגְדַּל גְּדוֹר מִבֵּית רַבּוֹ, וְהָיָה רָכוּב עַל חֲמוֹר וּמְטַיֵּיל עַל שְׂפַת נָהָר, וְשָׂמֵחַ שִׂמְחָה גְּדוֹלָה. וְהָיְתָה דַּעְתּוֹ גַּסָּה עָלָיו מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלָּמַד תּוֹרָה הַרְבֵּה.
The Sages further taught in praise of the reed: A person should always be soft like a reed, and he should not be stiff like a cedar. An incident occurred in which Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, came from Migdal Gedor, from his rabbi’s house, and he was riding on a donkey and strolling on the bank of the river. And he was very happy, and his head was swollen with pride because he had studied much Torah.
- גָּסָה (denom. of גַּס; cmp. אכילה גסה, s. v. גַּס) 1) to swallow large quantities at a time, to glut. Alternatively, to feel inflated, nauseous, to belch. (From Jastrow Dictionary)
נִזְדַּמֵּן לוֹ אָדָם אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה מְכוֹעָר בְּיוֹתֵר. אָמַר לוֹ: שָׁלוֹם עָלֶיךָ רַבִּי! וְלֹא הֶחְזִיר לוֹ. אָמַר לוֹ: רֵיקָה, כַּמָּה מְכוֹעָר אוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ! שֶׁמָּא כׇּל בְּנֵי עִירֶךָ מְכוֹעָרִין כְּמוֹתְךָ? אָמַר לוֹ: אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ, אֶלָּא לֵךְ וֶאֱמוֹר לָאוּמָּן שֶׁעֲשָׂאַנִי: ״כַּמָּה מְכוֹעָר כְּלִי זֶה שֶׁעָשִׂיתָ״. כֵּיוָן שֶׁיָּדַע בְּעַצְמוֹ שֶׁחָטָא, יָרַד מִן הַחֲמוֹר וְנִשְׁתַּטַּח לְפָנָיו, וְאָמַר לוֹ: נַעֲנֵיתִי לְךָ, מְחוֹל לִי! אָמַר לוֹ: אֵינִי מוֹחֵל לְךָ עַד שֶׁתֵּלֵךְ לָאוּמָּן שֶׁעֲשָׂאַנִי וֶאֱמוֹר לוֹ: כַּמָּה מְכוֹעָר כְּלִי זֶה שֶׁעָשִׂיתָ. הָיָה מְטַיֵּיל אַחֲרָיו עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְעִירוֹ. יָצְאוּ בְּנֵי עִירוֹ לִקְרָאתוֹ, וְהָיוּ אוֹמְרִים לוֹ: שָׁלוֹם עָלֶיךָ רַבִּי רַבִּי, מוֹרִי מוֹרִי! אָמַר לָהֶם: לְמִי אַתֶּם קוֹרִין רַבִּי רַבִּי? אָמְרוּ לוֹ: לְזֶה שֶׁמְּטַיֵּיל אַחֲרֶיךָ. אָמַר לָהֶם: אִם זֶה רַבִּי — אַל יִרְבּוּ כְּמוֹתוֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: מִפְּנֵי מָה? אָמַר לָהֶם: כָּךְ וְכָךְ עָשָׂה לִי. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אַף עַל פִּי כֵּן, מְחוֹל לוֹ, שֶׁאָדָם גָּדוֹל בְּתוֹרָה הוּא. אָמַר לָהֶם: בִּשְׁבִילְכֶם הֲרֵינִי מוֹחֵל לוֹ, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא רָגִיל לַעֲשׂוֹת כֵּן. מִיָּד נִכְנַס רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, וְדָרַשׁ: לְעוֹלָם יְהֵא אָדָם רַךְ כְּקָנֶה וְאַל יְהֵא קָשֶׁה כְּאֶרֶז. וּלְפִיכָךְ זָכָה קָנֶה לִיטּוֹל הֵימֶנּוּ קוּלְמוֹס לִכְתּוֹב בּוֹ סֵפֶר תּוֹרָה תְּפִילִּין וּמְזוּזוֹת.
He happened upon an exceedingly ugly person, who said to him: Greetings to you, my rabbi, butRabbi Elazardid not return his greeting. Instead, Rabbi Elazarsaid to him: Worthless[reika] person, how ugly is that man. Are all the people of your city as ugly as you? The man said to him: I do not know, but you should go and say to the Craftsman Who made me: How ugly is the vessel you made. WhenRabbi Elazarrealized that he had sinned and insulted this man merely on account of his appearance, he descended from his donkey and prostrated himself before him, and he said to the man: I have sinned against you; forgive me. The man said to him: I will not forgive you go until you go to the Craftsman Who made me and say: How ugly is the vessel you made.He walked behind the man, trying to appease him, until they reachedRabbi Elazar’s city. The people of his city came out to greet him, saying to him: Greetings to you, my rabbi, my rabbi, my master, my master. The man said to them: Who are you calling my rabbi, my rabbi? They said to him: To this man, who is walking behind you. He said to them: If this man is a rabbi, may there not be many like him among the Jewish people. They asked him: For what reason do you say this? He said to them: He did such and such to me. They said to him: Even so, forgive him, as he is a great Torah scholar.He said to them: For your sakes I forgive him, provided that he accepts upon himself not to become accustomed to behave like this. Immediately, Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, entered the study hall and taught: A person should always be soft like a reed and he should not be stiff like a cedar,as one who is proudlike a cedar is likely to sin. And therefore, due to its gentle qualities, the reed merited that a quill is taken from it to write with it a Torah scroll, phylacteries, and mezuzot.
- רֵיקָא, רֵיקָה, רֵקָ׳ - an expression of contempt, good for nothing! It is also possibly a similar root to empty, dumb, or ignorant. (Jastrow Dictionary)
- What are the scenes in this story? Who are the characters? Where are these things taking place?
- What themes do we see in this story?
- What are we meant to learn?
Bachya ibn Pakuda was a Rabbi born in Saragossa. He wrote this work in 1080. His work profoundly influenced Kabbalists and 18th-century Polish Hasidim.
(ו) וְהָרְבִיעִי עֲשׂוֹת הַטּוֹב לִבְנֵי אָדָם וְדַבֵּר טוֹב לָהֶם וּלְדוּנָם לִזְכוּת וְשֶׁלֹּא יְסַפֵּר בִּגְנוּתָם וְשֶׁיִּמְחֹל לָהֶם מָה שֶׁיְּדַבְּרוּ בּוֹ וִיסַפְּרוּ בִּגְנוּתוֹ וְאִם אֵינָם רְאוּיִים
(4) He should do good to others, speak well of them, judge them favorably, not speak of their faults, forgive them when they speak badly of him, even if they do not deserve this
וְנֶאֱמַר עַל אֶחָד מִן הַחֲסִידִים שֶׁעָבַר עַל נִבְלַת כֶּלֶב מַסְרַחַת מְאֹד וְאָמְרוּ לוֹ תַּלְמִידָיו כַּמָּה מַסְרַחַת נְבֵלָה זֹאת אָמַר לָהֶם כַּמָּה לְבָנוֹת שִׁנֶּיהָ וְנִתְחָרְטוּ עַל מָה שֶׁסִּפְּרוּ בִּגְנוּתָהּ וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהוּא גְּנַאי לְסַפֵּר בִּגְנוּת כֶּלֶב מֵת כ״ש בְּאָדָם חַי וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהוּא טוֹב לְשַׁבֵּחַ נִבְלַת כֶּלֶב בְּלֹבֶן שִׁנֶּיהָ כ״ש שֶׁהוּא חוֹבָה לְפִי זֶה לְשַׁבֵּחַ אָדָם מַשְׂכִּיל וּמֵבִין וְהָיְתָה כַּוָּנָתוֹ לְהוֹכִיחָם שֶׁלֹּא יְלַמְּדוּ לְשׁוֹנָם לְדַבֵּר רַע וְיָשׁוּב לָהֶם טֶבַע.
And it is said of a pious man who passed by an extremely foul smelling carcass of a dog. His disciples said to him: "how foul-smelling is this carcass!". He answered them "how white are its teeth!" And they regretted on having spoken disparagingly about the carcass. If it is improper to speak disparagingly of a dead dog, all the more so for a living human being. And if it is proper to praise the carcass of a dead dog for the whiteness of its teeth, how much more so, according to this, is it a duty to praise a human being endowed with intelligence and understanding. His intent was to rebuke them, to not habituate their tongues to speak badly, as this will enter their nature.
- meditation (hitbonenut)
- silence and retreat (hitbodedut)
- diary practices (cheshbon ha’nefesh)
- contemplations
- visualizations (kibbutz roshmim)
- chanting (hitpa’alut)