(9) Sarah saw the son whom Hagar the Egyptian had borne to Abraham playing. (10) She said to Abraham, “Cast out that slave-woman and her son, for the son of that slave shall not share in the inheritance with my son Isaac.” (11) The matter distressed Abraham greatly, for it concerned a son of his. (12) But God said to Abraham, “Do not be distressed over the boy or your slave; whatever Sarah tells you, do as she says, for it is through Isaac that offspring shall be continued for you. (13) As for the son of the slave-woman, I will make a nation of him, too, for he is your seed.” (14) Early next morning Abraham took some bread and a skin of water, and gave them to Hagar. He placed them over her shoulder, together with the child, and sent her away. And she wandered about in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. (15) When the water was gone from the skin, she left the child under one of the bushes, (16) and went and sat down at a distance, a bowshot away; for she thought, “Let me not look on as the child dies.” And sitting thus afar, she burst into tears. (17) God heard the cry of the boy, and a messenger of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, “What troubles you, Hagar? Fear not, for God has heeded the cry of the boy where he is.
אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹחָנָן. שְׁמוֹנִים אֶלֶף פִּירְחֵי כְהוּנָּה (בָֽקֵעוּ) [בָּֽרְחוּ] לְתוֹךְ חַייָלוֹתָיו שֶׁלְנְבוּכַד נֶצַר. וְהָֽלְכוּ לָהֶן אֶצֶל יִשְׁמְעֵאלִים. אָֽמְרוּן לוֹן. הָבוּ חָן נִישְׁתֵּי דַּאֲנָן צָהֵיי. הֵבִיאוּ לִפְנֵיהֶן מִינֵי מְלוחִים וְנוֹדוֹת נְפוּחוֹת. אָֽמְרוּן לוֹן. אָֽכְלוּן וְאַתּוֹן שָׁתֵיי. וְכֵיוָן דַּהֲוָה חַד מִינְּהוֹן שָׁרֵי זִיקָא וִיהַב לֵיהּ גַּו פּוּמֵיהּ. הֲוָה רוּחָא נְפַק וַהֲוָה חֲנַק לֵיהּ.
Rebbi Joḥanan said, 80’000 young priests (broke through) [fled to] Nebuchadnezzar’s armies and went to the Ismaelites. They said to them, give us to drink for we are thirsty. They brought before them salted fish and inflated waterskins. They said to them, eat and then you can drink. When one of them opened the waterskin and put it into his mouth, the wind came out and suffocated him.
י יז): בַּאֲשֶׁר הוּא שָׁם, אָמַר רַבִּי סִימוֹן קָפְצוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת לְקַטְרְגוֹ, אָמְרוּ לְפָנָיו רִבּוֹן הָעוֹלָמִים, אָדָם שֶׁהוּא עָתִיד לְהָמִית אֶת בָּנֶיךָ בַּצָּמָא אַתָּה מַעֲלֶה לוֹ בְּאֵר, אָמַר לָהֶם עַכְשָׁו מַה הוּא, צַדִּיק אוֹ רָשָׁע, אָמְרוּ לוֹ צַדִּיק, אָמַר לָהֶם אֵינִי דָן אֶת הָאָדָם אֶלָּא בִּשְׁעָתוֹ. (בראשית כא, יח):
"Where he is"
R. Simon said: The ministering angels jumped to prosecute him (Yishmael), they said before Him (God), "Master of All Worlds, A man who in the future will kill your children with thirst, you raise up a well for him?!"
He said to them, "Right now, what is he, righteous or wicked?"
They said to Him "Righteous"
He said to them "I only judge a person as they are at the moment"
בְּאַרְבָּעָה פְרָקִים הָעוֹלָם נִדּוֹן.....בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה כָּל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם עוֹבְרִין לְפָנָיו כִּבְנֵי מָרוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים לג) הַיּוֹצֵר יַחַד לִבָּם, הַמֵּבִין אֶל כָּל מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם.
At four times of the year the world is judged: ......on Rosh HaShana, all creatures pass before Him like sheep [benei maron], as it is stated: “He Who fashions their hearts alike, Who considers all their deeds” (Psalms 33:15);
וּמִפְּנֵי עִנְיָן זֶה נָהֲגוּ כָּל בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַרְבּוֹת בִּצְדָקָה וּבְמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים וְלַעֲסֹק בְּמִצְוֹת מֵרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה וְעַד יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים יֶתֶר מִכָּל הַשָּׁנָה.
.....For these reasons, it is customary for all of Israel to give profusely to charity, perform many good deeds, and be occupied with mitzvot from Rosh HaShanah until Yom Kippur to a greater extent than during the remainder of the year......
אַתָּה קָדוֹשׁ וְשִׁמְךָ קָדוֹשׁ וּקְדוֹשִׁים בְּכָל יוֹם יְהַלְלֽוּךָ סֶּֽלָה:
וּבְכֵן תֵּן פַּחְדְּךָ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ עַל כָּל מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ וְאֵימָתְךָ עַל כָּל מַה שֶּׁבָּרָֽאתָ. וְיִירָאֽוּךָ כָּל הַמַּעֲשִׂים וְיִשְׁתַּחֲווּ לְפָנֶיךָ כָּל הַבְּרוּאִים. וְיֵעָשׂוּ כֻלָּם אֲגֻדָּה אֶחָת לַעֲשׂוֹת רְצוֹנְךָ בְּלֵבָב שָׁלֵם. כְּמוֹ שֶׁיָּדַֽעְנוּ יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵֽינוּ שֶׁהַשִּׁלְטוֹן לְפָנֶֽיךָ עֹז בְּיָדְךָ וּגְבוּרָה בִּימִינֶֽךָ וְשִׁמְךָ נוֹרָא עַל כָּל מַה שֶּׁבָּרָֽאתָ:
וּבְכֵן תֵּן כָּבוֹד יְהֹוָה לְעַמֶּֽךָ תְּהִלָּה לִירֵאֶֽיךָ וְתִקְוָה טוֹבָה לְדוֹרְשֶֽׁיךָ וּפִתְחוֹן פֶּה לַמְיַחֲלִים לָךְ. שִׂמְחָה לְאַרְצֶֽךָ וְשָׂשׂוֹן לְעִירֶֽךָ וּצְמִיחַת קֶֽרֶן לְדָוִד עַבְדֶּֽךָ וַעֲרִיכַת נֵר לְבֶן־יִשַׁי מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ בִּמְהֵרָה בְיָמֵֽינוּ: וּבְכֵן צַדִּיקִים יִרְאוּ וְיִשְׂמָֽחוּ וִישָׁרִים יַעֲלֹֽזוּ וַחֲסִידִים בְּרִנָּה יָגִֽילוּ וְעוֹלָֽתָה תִּקְפָּץ פִּֽיהָ. וְכָל הָרִשְׁעָה כֻּלָּהּ כְּעָשָׁן תִּכְלֶה כִּי תַעֲבִיר מֶמְשֶֽׁלֶת זָדוֹן מִן הָאָֽרֶץ: וְתִמְלוֹךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה לְבַדֶּֽךָ עַל כָּל מַעֲשֶֽׂיךָ בְּהַר צִיּוֹן מִשְׁכַּן כְּבוֹדֶֽךָ וּבִירוּשָׁלַֽיִם עִיר קָדְשֶֽׁךָ. כַּכָּתוּב בְּדִבְרֵי קָדְשֶֽׁךָ יִמְלֹךְ יְהֹוָה לְעוֹלָם אֱלֹהַֽיִךְ צִיּוֹן לְדֹר וָדֹר הַלְלוּיָהּ: קָדוֹשׁ אַתָּה וְנוֹרָא שְׁמֶֽךָ וְאֵין אֱלֽוֹהַּ מִבַּלְעָדֶֽיךָ. כַּכָּתוּב וַיִּגְבַּהּ יְהֹוָה צְבָאוֹת בַּמִּשְׁפָּט וְהָאֵל הַקָּדוֹשׁ נִקְדַּשׁ בִּצְדָקָה. בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ הַקָּדוֹשׁ:
You are holy and Your Name is holy and holy beings praise You every day, forever. And so, grant that Your awe, Adonoy, our God, be upon all Your works, and Your dread upon all You have created; and [then] all [Your] works will fear You, and prostrate before You will be all [Your] created beings. And may they all form a single band to do Your will with a perfect heart. For we know Adonoy, our God that rulership is Yours, strength is in Your hand, might is in Your right hand and Your Name is awesome over all You have created.
And so, grant honor, Adonoy, to Your people, praise to those who fear You, good hope to those who seek You confident speech to those who yearn for You, joy to Your land, gladness to Your city, flourishing of pride to Dovid, Your servant and an array of light to the son of Yishai, Your anointed, speedily in our days.
And then the righteous will see [this] and rejoice, and the upright will be jubilant, and the pious will exult with joyous song; injustice will close its mouth, and all the wickedness will vanish like smoke, when You remove the rule of evil from the earth.
And You Adonoy will reign alone over all Your works on Mount Tziyon, dwelling place of Your glory, and in Yerushalayim, city of Your Sanctuary, as it is written in Your holy words, “Adonoy will reign forever; Your God, Tziyon, throughout all generations. Praise God.”
Holy are You, and awesome is Your Name, and there is no God beside You, as it is written, “And Adonoy Tzevaos is exalted through justice and the Almighty, the Holy One, is sanctified through righteousness.” Blessed are You, Adonoy, the King, the Holy One.