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Daat Zekenim is a Torah commentary compiled by later generations of scholars from the writings of the Franco-German school in the 12th-13th century
'לא תוסיפו וגו, “do not add, etc.;” G–d implies that anyone adding to the words of the Torah,-however well meaning he may be,-will in fact detract from the value of the Torah. [If G–d is perfect, something that every believing Jew accepts as axiomatic, any addition to or deletion from His Torah would make it, ergo Him, imperfect. Ed.] For instance, when the Torah decreed 4 strings of tzitzit for the corners of a four-cornered garment, adding a fifth string would not only not make it holier, but would make it useless, and anyone reciting a benediction over such a tallit would desecrate the holy name of G–d by pronouncing such a benediction. The same reasoning applies to sitting in a sukkah for an extra day or adding another a fifth species to a lulav.
מֵתִיב רַב שֶׁמֶן בַּר אַבָּא: מִנַּיִן לְכֹהֵן שֶׁעוֹלֶה לַדּוּכָן, שֶׁלֹּא יֹאמַר: הוֹאִיל וְנָתְנָה לִי תּוֹרָה רְשׁוּת לְבָרֵךְ אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹסִיף בְּרָכָה אַחַת מִשֶּׁלִּי, כְּגוֹן: ״ה׳ אֱלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם יוֹסֵף עֲלֵיכֶם״ — תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״לֹא תוֹסִיפוּ עַל הַדָּבָר״. וְהָא הָכָא, כֵּיוָן דְּבָרֵיךְ לֵיהּ — עָבְרָה לֵיהּ זִמְנֵיהּ, וְקָתָנֵי דְּעָבַר!
בבעל פעור. בעבור בעל פעור ורבים כן ומי שלא עבד בעל פעור הנו חי:
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A twig shall sprout from his stock. (2) The spirit of the LORD shall alight upon him:
A spirit of wisdom and insight,
A spirit of counsel and valor,
A spirit of devotion and reverence for the LORD.
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written by Rabbi Bahya ben Asher, 1255-1340, in Spain. Rabbeinu Bachya’s commentary incorporates the literal meaning along with allegorical, Midrashic, and Kabbalistic interpretations.
כי מי גוי גדול אשר לו אלו-הים קרובים אליו, “for who else is a great nation to whom G’d is so close!” Moses hints in this verse at the superior status of the Jewish people who, when praying, are answered seeing they focus in their prayers on the supreme Power in the universe, the only Power able to fulfill their requests. This is why they are answered each time. Moses describes the Jewish people here as גוי גדול, “a great nation,” instead of either as גוי קדוש, a “holy nation,” or גוי צדיק, “a righteous nation.” The reason is that גדולה, “greatness,” is the equivalent of the attribute (emanation) חסד, the highest attribute usually associated with Hashem such as in Chronicles I 29,10 לך ה’ הגדולה, והגבורה, והתפארת, “Yours O Lord is “greatness, mightiness and harmony.” The meaning of the verse then is: “who is a great nation so close to the attributes of G’d such as the Lord our G’d whenever we call upon Him!?” It was important for Moses to add “when we call upon Him, so that one should not think we address our prayers to the attributes instead to the essence, to Hashem. . . .
Our sages in Jerusalem Talmud Berachot 9,1 observe that the plural in the word קרובים in the sequence אשר אלו-הים קרובים אליו when we would have expected אשר אלו-הים קרוב אליו means that G’d is close to the Jewish people in more ways than one.
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ומי גוי גדול אשר לו חקים ומשפטים צדיקים. אחר שספר בפסוק של מעלה בשבח ישראל יספר עתה בפסוק זה בשבח התורה, ואמר ככל התורה הזאת כלומר שנתנה מתוך אותן המדות שהזכיר.
God's laws are intended to enable Israel to flourish in concrete, this-worldly ways, but also--and even more fundamentally--to guide us in creating a society animated by justice and care for the powerless.
