Parashat Devarim: Midrash

Midrash מִדְרָשׁ

First, God tells Moshe to go fight a war with Sihon. Then, right away, Moshe asks Sihon to make peace! What’s going on here? Is Moshe disobeying God?

רְאֵה נָתַתִּי בְיָדְךָ אֶת סִיחֹן מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן הָאֱמֹרִי וְאֶת אַרְצוֹ הָחֵל רָשׁ וְהִתְגָּר בּוֹ מִלְחָמָה…
וָאֶשְׁלַח מַלְאָכִים מִמִּדְבַּר קְדֵמוֹת אֶל סִיחוֹן מֶלֶךְ חֶשְׁבּוֹן דִּבְרֵי שָׁלוֹם לֵאמֹר׃
See, I [God] give into your power Sihon the Emori, king of Heshbon, and his land. Begin inheriting; start a war...
Then I [Moshe] sent messengers from the wilderness of Kedeimot to King Sihon of Heshbon with an offer of peace, as follows…
"סוּר מֵרָע וַעֲשֵׂה טוֹב בַּקֵּשׁ שָׁלוֹם וְרׇדְפֵהוּ" (תהלים ל:טו).
לֹא פָּקְדָה הַתּוֹרָה לִרְדֹּף אַחַר הַמִּצְוֹת. אֶלָּא:
כִּי יִקָּרֵא קַן צִפּוֹר לְפָנֶיךָ (דברים כב:ו),
כִּי תִפְגַּע שׁוֹר אוֹיִבְךָ (שמות כג:ד),
כִּי תִרְאֶה חֲמוֹר שְׂנַאֲךָ (שמות כג:ה)...
כֻּלָּם, אִם בָּאוּ לְיָדְךָ, אַתָּה מְצֻוֶּה עָלֶיהָ, וְלֹא לִרְדֹּף אַחֲרֶיהָ.
וְהַשָּׁלוֹם, "בַּקֵּשׁ שָׁלוֹם" בִּמְקוֹמְךָ, "וְרָדְפֵהוּ" בְּמָקוֹם אַחֵר.
וְכֵן עָשׂוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, "הָחֵל רָשׁ וְהִתְגָּר בּוֹ מִלְחָמָה," רָדְפוּ אֶת הַשָּׁלוֹם.
“Turn from evil and do good, seek out peace and chase after it” (Tehillim 34:15).
The Torah does not command us to go chasing after the mitzvot. Instead, it says:
When you find a bird's nest…” (Devarim 22:6),
When you encounter your enemy’s ox…” (Shemot 23:4),
When you see your enemy’s donkey…” (Shemot 23:5)...
If these situations come up, you have a mitzvah to act, but you don’t have to go chasing after them.
But in the case of peace, the verse from Tehillim teaches to “seek out peace,” wherever you are, and “chase after it,” wherever else it may be.
This is what Benei Yisrael did. Although the Holy Blessed One said, “begin inheriting, start a war,” they chased after peace.
  • Look up the three mitzvot (other than peace) mentioned in this midrash. Why wouldn’t it make sense to go around looking for opportunities to perform these mitzvot?
  • How do you understand the idea of chasing after peace? Can you list ways a person could chase after peace in both “big” situations (like peace between nations), and “small” situations (like peace between neighbors)?
  • Did Moshe actually disobey God by first asking Sihon for peace?