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Parshas Naso: What can we learn from the nazir?

רִבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ פָּתַח. אִילּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַנּוֹדֵר כְּאִילּוּ נוֹתֵן קוֹלַר עַל צַוָּארוֹ נוֹדֵר הָיִיתָ. לְקֻסְטוֹרִייָה שֶׁהָֽיְתָה עוֹבֶרֶת וְרָאָה קוֹלַר פָּנוּי וְהִכְנִיסָה אֶת רֹאשָׁהּ לְתוֹכוֹ. לֶאֱסוֹר אִסָּר עַל נַפְשׁוֹ. כְּמַה דְאַתְּ אָמַר וְהוּא אָסוּר בַּזִּיקִים. רִבִּי יוֹנָתָן פָּתַח. אִילּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַנּוֹדֵר כְּבוֹנֶה בָמָה וְהַמְקַייְמוֹ כְמַקְרִיב עָלָיו נוֹדֵר הָיָיתָ. וְקַשְׁיָא. עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה בִסְקִילָה וְהַנְּדָרִים בְּלֹא תַעֲשֶׂה וְאַתְּ אָמַר אָכֵן. לֵית לָךְ אֶלָּא כַּיי דָּמַר רִבִּי יַנַּאי. כָּל־הַשּׁוֹמֵעַ לְיִצְרוֹ כְּאִילּוּ עוֹבֵד עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. רִבִּי יִצְחָק פָּתַח. אִילּוּ הָיִיתָ יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהַנּוֹדֵר כִּילּוּ נוֹטֵל חֶרֶב וְדוֹקְרָהּ בְּלִיבּוֹ נוֹדֵר הָיִיתָ. יֵשׁ בּוֹטֶה כְּמַדְקְרוֹת חָרֶב. רִבִּי חֲנִינָה דְצִיפּוֹרִין בְּשֵׁם רִבִּי פִינְחָס. כִּמְדַקֵּר אֵין כְּתִיב אֶלָּא כְּמַדְקְרוֹת חָרֶב. לְאֶחָד שֶׁנָּדַר מִן הַכִּכָּר. וַיי דְּיֵיכוֹל וַיי דְּלָא יֵיכוֹל. אִין אֲכִיל עֲבַר עַל נִדְרֵיהּ. אִין לָא אֲכִיל חֲטֵי עַל נַפְשֵׁיהּ. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה. הוֹלֵךְ אֶצֶל חָכָם וְהוּא מַתִּיר נִדְרוֹ. וּלְשׁוֹן חֲכָמִים מַרְפֵּא. רִבִּי דִימִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יִצְחָק. לֹא דַייֵךְ מַה שֶׁאָֽסְרָה לָךְ הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא שֶּׁאַתָה מְבַקֵּשׁ לֶאֱסוֹר עָלֶיךָ דְבָרִים אֲחֵרִים. לֶאֱסוֹר אִסָּר.

Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish provided an opening: If you had known that one who makes a vow is as if he put a neck-iron on his neck, would you have made the vow? It is as if a gang of prisoners was passing by, he saw that there was one unused neck-iron and put his head into it! “To bind a prohibition onto himself”, as you say, “he was bound with chains.” Rebbi Jonathan provided an opening: If you had known that one who makes a vow is like one who builds an idolatrous altar and one who continues in it is like one who sacrifices there, would you have made the vow? That is difficult to understand. Idolatry is a capital crime but vows are a simple prohibition; how can you say that? You have only what Rebbi Yannai said, one who listens to his urges is as if he worshipped idols. Rebbi Isaac provided an opening: If you had known that one who makes a vow is like one who takes a sword and sticks it in his heart, would you have made the vow? “Some talk bluntly like sword piercings.” Rebbi Ḥanina from Sepphoris in the name of Rebbi Phineas: It does not say “piercing” but “sword piercings”. For example, one who made a vow not to eat a loaf. Woe if he eats, woe if he does not eat. If he eats he transgresses his vow. If he does not eat he sins against himself. What can he do? He goes to a Sage who will dissolve his vow, “but the speech of Sages is healing. Rebbi Eudaimon in the name of Rebbi Isaac: Is it not enough what the Torah forbade you that you want to forbid other things for yourself? “To forbid a prohibition”.

כי יפלא. יַפְרִישׁ; לָמָּה נִסְמְכָה פָרָשַׁת נָזִיר לְפָרָשַׁת סוֹטָה? לוֹמַר לְךָ שֶׁכָּל הָרוֹאֶה סוֹטָה בְקִלְקוּלָהּ יַזִּיר עַצְמוֹ מִן הַיַּיִן, שֶׁהוּא מֵבִיא לִידֵי נִאוּף (סוטה ב'):
כי יפלא means, IF HE CLEARLY UTTERS (cf. Rashi on Leviticus 22:21 and Note thereon). — Why is the section dealing with the Nazarite placed in juxtaposition to the section dealing with the סוטה? To tell you that he who has once seen a סוטה in her disgrace should abstain from wine, because it may lead to adultery (Sotah 2a).
ורבי ישמעאל לשומר מסרינהו ורבנן אין אפוטרופוס לעריות אימא שומר גופיה בא עליה
And how would Rabbi Yishmael respond to this claim? He would claim that the maidservants could not have conceived on a later date, as Cleopatra transferred them to the custody of a steward, who made sure that they did not engage in intercourse during the experiment. And the Rabbis would say that there is no steward [apotropos] for restraining sexual intercourse, and therefore one can say that the warden himself engaged in intercourse with the maidservant.
משֶׁה קִבֵּל תּוֹרָה מִסִּינַי, וּמְסָרָהּ לִיהוֹשֻׁעַ, וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ לִזְקֵנִים, וּזְקֵנִים לִנְבִיאִים, וּנְבִיאִים מְסָרוּהָ לְאַנְשֵׁי כְנֶסֶת הַגְּדוֹלָה. הֵם אָמְרוּ שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים, הֱווּ מְתוּנִים בַּדִּין, וְהַעֲמִידוּ תַלְמִידִים הַרְבֵּה, וַעֲשׂוּ סְיָג לַתּוֹרָה:
Moses received the Torah at Sinai and transmitted it to Joshua, Joshua to the elders, and the elders to the prophets, and the prophets to the Men of the Great Assembly. They said three things: Be patient in [the administration of] justice, raise many disciples and make a fence round the Torah.
בֶּן זוֹמָא אוֹמֵר, אֵיזֶהוּ חָכָם, הַלּוֹמֵד מִכָּל אָדָם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קיט) מִכָּל מְלַמְּדַי הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי כִּי עֵדְוֹתֶיךָ שִׂיחָה לִּי. אֵיזֶהוּ גִבּוֹר, הַכּוֹבֵשׁ אֶת יִצְרוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי טז) טוֹב אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם מִגִּבּוֹר וּמשֵׁל בְּרוּחוֹ מִלֹּכֵד עִיר. אֵיזֶהוּ עָשִׁיר, הַשָּׂמֵחַ בְּחֶלְקוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קכח) יְגִיעַ כַּפֶּיךָ כִּי תֹאכֵל אַשְׁרֶיךָ וְטוֹב לָךְ. אַשְׁרֶיךָ, בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה. וְטוֹב לָךְ, לָעוֹלָם הַבָּא. אֵיזֶהוּ מְכֻבָּד, הַמְכַבֵּד אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א ב) כִּי מְכַבְּדַי אֲכַבֵּד וּבֹזַי יֵקָלּוּ:
Ben Zoma said:Who is wise? He who learns from every man, as it is said: “From all who taught me have I gained understanding” (Psalms 119:99). Who is mighty? He who subdues his [evil] inclination, as it is said: “He that is slow to anger is better than the mighty; and he that rules his spirit than he that takes a city” (Proverbs 16:32). Who is rich? He who rejoices in his lot, as it is said: “You shall enjoy the fruit of your labors, you shall be happy and you shall prosper” (Psalms 128:2) “You shall be happy” in this world, “and you shall prosper” in the world to come. Who is he that is honored? He who honors his fellow human beings as it is said: “For I honor those that honor Me, but those who spurn Me shall be dishonored” (I Samuel 2:30).
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב רוֹב בְּגָזֵל וּמִיעוּט בַּעֲרָיוֹת וְהַכֹּל בְּלָשׁוֹן הָרָע בְּלָשׁוֹן הָרָע סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אֶלָּא אֲבַק לָשׁוֹן הָרָע:
Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: The majority of people suc-cumb to sin with regard to robbery, and a minority of people succumb to sin with regard to sexual matters, and everyone succumbs to sin with regard to malicious speech. The Gemara asks: Can it enter your mind that all people sin with regard to malicious speech? The Gemara answers: Rather, Rav was referring to uttering a hint of malicious speech.
אֲמַר אַבָּיֵי: אִי מַאן דְּסָנֵי לִי הֲוָה, לָא הֲוָה מָצֵי לְאוֹקוֹמֵי נַפְשֵׁיהּ. אֲזַל תְּלָא נַפְשֵׁיהּ בְּעִיבּוּרָא דְּדָשָׁא וּמִצְטַעֵר. אֲתָא הָהוּא סָבָא, תְּנָא לֵיהּ: כׇּל הַגָּדוֹל מֵחֲבֵירוֹ — יִצְרוֹ גָּדוֹל הֵימֶנּוּ.
Abaye said: In that situation, if instead of that man it had been one whom I hate, a euphemism for himself, he would not have been able to restrain himself from sinning. After becoming aware of so great a shortcoming he went and leaned against the doorpost, thinking and feeling regret. A certain Elder came and taught him: Anyone who is greater than another, his evil inclination is greater than his. Therefore, Abaye should not feel regret, as his realization is a consequence of his greatness.
מֹ֘שֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹ֨ן ׀ בְּֽכֹהֲנָ֗יו וּ֭שְׁמוּאֵל בְּקֹרְאֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ קֹרִ֥אים אֶל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְה֣וּא יַעֲנֵֽם׃
Moses and Aaron among His priests,
Samuel, among those who call on His name—
when they called to the LORD,
He answered them.
משנה: נָזִיר הָיָה שְׁמוּאֵל כְּדִבְרֵי רִבִּי נְהוֹרַיי שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וּמוֹרָה לֹא יַעֲלֶה עַל רֹאשׁוֹ. נֶאֱמַר בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן מוֹרָה וְנֶאֱמַר בִּשְׁמוּאֵל מוֹרָה מַה מוֹרָה הָאֲמוּרָה בְּשִׁמְשׁוֹן נָזִיר אַף מוֹרָה הָאֲמוּרָה בִּשְׁמוּאֵל נָזִיר. אָמַר רִבִּי יוֹסֵי וַהֲלֹא אֵין מוֹרָה אֶלָּא שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם. אָמַר לוֹ רִבִּי נְהוֹרַאי וַהֲלֹא כְּבָר נֶאֱמַר וַיֹּאמֶר שְׁמוּאֵל אֵיךְ אֵלֵךְ וְשָׁמַע שָׁאוּל וַהֲרָגָנִי וּכְבָר הָיָה עָלָיו מוֹרָא שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם.
MISHNAH: Samuel was a nazir following the words of Rebbi Nahorai, as it is said: “A shaving knife shall not come on his head.” It is said about Samson “a shaving knife”, and it is said about Samuel “a shaving knife”. Since “a shaving knife” mentioned for Samson refers to nazir, so “a shaving knife” mentioned for Samuel refers to nazir. Rebbi Yose said, but fear is only of flesh and blood! Rebbi Nahorai answered him: Was it not said: “Samuel said, how can I go? Will not Saul hear of it and kill me?” The fear of flesh and blood already was on him.