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Parashat Tzav 5782: The Toda Sacrifice Will Never Be Canceled
צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָעֹלָ֑ה הִ֣וא הָעֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨הֿ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ כׇּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וְאֵ֥שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽוֹ׃
Command Aharon and his sons, saying, This is the Tora of the burnt offering: It is the burnt offering, which shall be burning upon the altar all night until the morning, and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning in it.
וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַמִּנְחָ֑ה הַקְרֵ֨ב אֹתָ֤הּ בְּנֵֽי־אַהֲרֹן֙ לִפְנֵ֣י ה' אֶל־פְּנֵ֖י הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃
And this is the Tora of the meal offering: the sons of Aharon shall offer it before the Lord, before the altar.
דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הַֽחַטָּ֑את בִּמְק֡וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ תִּשָּׁחֵ֨ט הָעֹלָ֜ה תִּשָּׁחֵ֤ט הַֽחַטָּאת֙ לִפְנֵ֣י ה' קֹ֥דֶשׁ קׇֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִֽוא׃
Speak to Aharon and to his sons, saying, This is the Tora of the sin offering: In the place where the burnt offering is killed shall the sin offering be killed before the Lord: it is most holy.
וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָאָשָׁ֑ם קֹ֥דֶשׁ קׇֽדָשִׁ֖ים הֽוּא׃
And this is the Tora of the guilt offering: it is most holy.
וְזֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת זֶ֣בַח הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַקְרִ֖יב לַה'׃
And this is the Tora of the peace offerings, which he shall offer to the Lord.
(יב) אִ֣ם עַל־תּוֹדָה֮ יַקְרִיבֶ֒נּוּ֒ וְהִקְרִ֣יב ׀ עַל־זֶ֣בַח הַתּוֹדָ֗ה חַלּ֤וֹת מַצּוֹת֙ בְּלוּלֹ֣ת בַּשֶּׁ֔מֶן וּרְקִיקֵ֥י מַצּ֖וֹת מְשֻׁחִ֣ים בַּשָּׁ֑מֶן וְסֹ֣לֶת מֻרְבֶּ֔כֶת חַלֹּ֖ת בְּלוּלֹ֥ת בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃ (יג) עַל־חַלֹּת֙ לֶ֣חֶם חָמֵ֔ץ יַקְרִ֖יב קׇרְבָּנ֑וֹ עַל־זֶ֖בַח תּוֹדַ֥ת שְׁלָמָֽיו׃
(12) One who offers it for thanksgiving shall offer, together with the sacrifice of thanksgiving, unleavened cakes with oil mixed in—unleavened wafers spread with oil—and cakes of choice flour with oil mixed in, well soaked. (13) This offering, with cakes of leavened bread added, shall be offered along with one’s thanksgiving sacrifice of well-being.

(א) אם על תודה יקריבנו. אם על דבר הודאה על נס שנעשה לו, כגון יורדי הים והולכי מדברות וחבושי בית האסורים וחולה שנתרפא שהם צריכין להודות שכתוב בהן (תהלים קז כא כב) יודו לה' חסדו ונפלאותיו לבני אדם ויזבחו זבחי תודה.

If he offer it for a Thanksgiving... If it is for something deserving of thanksgiving, a miracle that happened to him. For example: one who goes down into the sea, or crosses the desert, or who is bound in a jail, or one who is sick and recovers--they must give thanks, as it is written of them (Psalms 107:21-21): Let them praise Adonai for God's steadfast love, God's wondrous deeds for humanity. Let them offer thanksgiving sacrifices, and tell God's deeds in joyful song.

רַבִּי פִּנְחָס וְרַבִּי לֵוִי וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי מְנַחֵם דְּגַלְיָא, לֶעָתִיד לָבוֹא כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת בְּטֵלִין וְקָרְבַּן תּוֹדָה אֵינוֹ בָּטֵל, כָּל הַתְּפִלּוֹת בְּטֵלוֹת, הַהוֹדָאָה אֵינָהּ בְּטֵלָה.

Rabbi Pinchas, Rabbi Levi and Rabbi Yochanan [said] in the name of Rabbi Menachem from Gallia: In the time to come, all sacrifices will be annulled - but the sacrifice of thanksgiving will not be annulled. All prayers will be annulled, but the prayer of gratitude will not be annulled.

וקרבן תודה אינו בטל ולכן כתיב רק בתודה אשר יקריב ולא בשאר קרבנות וכקושית המדרש אות א'. לבשר לנו כי קרבן תודה יקריב גם לעתיד ולא יבטל כמו שאר הקרבנות. ומה שאמר כל הקרבנות בטלים לע"ל זה נאמר על קרבנות יחיד דבאים על חטא. ולעתיד כיון דיבוקש עון ישראל ואיננו לכן לא יובאו עוד. אבל תמידין ומוספין ושאר קרבנות צבור ע"כ לא יבטלו:

(translation is my own)

The Korban Toda will not be annuled, and that it why only with regard to the Toda does the Torah say "asher yakriv / he shall offer," but not with regard to the other korbanot. This is to illucidate for us that the Korban Toda will be offered also in the time to come, and won't be annulled like the other sacrifices.

But what this is saying, about the sacrifices being annulled in the time to come, this is only referring to a person's individual sacrifices, that one brings on account of one's actions-- since in the time to come, there will be no sin or guilt, there will be no reason to bring those offereings. But the daily offerings, and the special festival offerings, and all communal offerings will continue to be offered.

לאחר מכן בתקופת הגאונים, נהגו להוסיף לפסוקי דזמרה עוד פרקים ופסוקים. ותקנו לומר 'מזמור לתודה' (תהלים ק), שאמרו חז"ל, שכל השירות עתידות ליבטל חוץ ממנו (ויק"ר ט, ז). ולכן ראוי לאומרו בנגינה. ואין אומרים אותו בשבתות וימים טובים, אלא אומרים במקומו "מזמור שיר ליום השבת" (תהילים צ״ב:א׳). ולמנהג אשכנזים הוא כנגד קרבן תודה שהיו בו לחמי חמץ, ולכן אין אומרים אותו בערב פסח וחול המועד פסח וערב יום כיפור, שאין מקריבים בהם קרבן תודה, מפני איסור חמץ או הצום. ולמנהג ספרד אומרים אותו בימים אלו, מפני שעיקרו לשבח והודאה ולא כנגד קרבן תודה (ב"י ורמ"א נא, ח).

After that, during the time of the Geonim, it became customary to add more Psalms and verses to Pesukei d’Zimrah. They established saying “Mizmor L’Todah” (Psalm 100). Chazal say that in the future, all songs will be nullified with the exception of this one (Vayikra Rabbah 9:7). Therefore, it is proper to recite it with a melody. It is not said on Shabbatot and festivals; instead, “Mizmor Shir L’Yom HaShabbat” (Psalm 92) is recited. According to the Ashkenazic minhag, Mizmor L’Todah is recited to correspond to the Todah (thanksgiving) offering which contained chametz (leavened bread). For that reason this Psalm is not recited on Erev Pesach, Chol HaMo’ed Pesach, and Erev Yom Kippur, since the Todah offering is not brought on those days because of the prohibition of chametz, or the obligation to fast. However, the Sephardim do recite it on those days because according to the Sephardic minhag, it does not correspond to the Todah offering; rather its fundamental purpose is to praise and express thanks (Beit Yosef and Rama 51:8).

כִּי שְׁאָר כָּל הַדְּבָרִים יִתְבַּטְּלוּ לֶעָתִיד כֻּלָּם, בִּבְחִינַת: כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת בְּטֵלִין, חוּץ מִקָּרְבַּן תּוֹדָה (מ"ר צו פ"ט, אמור פ' כ"ז ע"ש), שֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׁאֵר לֶעָתִיד, רַק בְּחִינַת תּוֹדָה וְהוֹדָאָה, לְהוֹדוֹת וּלְהַלֵּל וְלָדַעַת אוֹתוֹ יִתְבָּרַךְ, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב (ישעיהו י״א:ט׳): כִּי מָלְאָה הָאָרֶץ דֵּעָה אֶת ה' כַּמַּיִם לַיָּם מְכַסִּים, שֶׁזֶּה כָּל שַׁעֲשׁוּעַ עוֹלָם הַבָּא:
In time to come everything else will be of no consequence whatsoever, as in “All the sacrifices will be abolished other than the thanksgiving-offering” (Vayikra Rabbah 9:7, 27:12; see there). <Of all the hitKaRVut (closeness),> the only one that will remain then <is the thanksgiving- KoRBan (offering). This is the closeness achieved through> thanksgiving and expressing gratitude. Giving thanks and praise and knowing <and acknowledging> God, as it is written (Isaiah 11:9), “for the earth will be filled with daat (unitive knowledge and awareness) of God, as water covers the seabed”—this is the entire delight of the World to Come.
Rabbi Naamah Kelman:
The offering of thanksgiving in the form of sacrifice, or later in our tradition in the form of prayer, is the highest expression of gratitude. We praise and we exalt and recognize the miracles of our lives. Deeper gratitude recognizes the simple gift of our lives and the gifts of our daily lives. Our rabbis, ancient and contemporary, are telling us that perhaps this is the practice we must really cultivate: the practice of thanksgiving! But how?
Rabbi Doug Zelden:
There is a beautiful explanation about when the chazzan repeats the Amida aloud and says the Modim prayer and the congregation recites softly a prayer known as 'The Rabbis' Modim.' Why is that? It is because the cantor can recite aloud all the blessings in the Amida and be our agent for such prayers as 'Forgive us,' 'Heal Us,' 'Bless Us with a Good Year,' and so forth. With all our pleas, the cantor or Baal Tfillah can be our public messenger and say the blessing for us, as we answer Amen.
However, there is one thing that no else one can say for us. We must say it for ourselves. That one thing is 'Thank You.' Hoda'ah has to come from ourselves. No one can be our agent to say Thank You.
That is the reason for the 'Rabbis' Modim.'