שבת ובית מקדש

אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק בֶּן טַבְלַאי: לָמָּה נִקְרָא שְׁמוֹ לְבָנוֹן — שֶׁמַּלְבִּין עֲוֹנוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Rabbi Yitzḥak ben Tavlai said: Why is the Temple called Lebanon [Levanon]? Because it whitens [malbin] the Jewish people’s sins, alluded to by the root lavan, meaning white.

שבת קי״ט ב:ב׳

אָמַר רָבָא, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: אֲפִילּוּ יָחִיד הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר ״וַיְכוּלּוּ״, דְּאָמַר רַב הַמְנוּנָא: כׇּל הַמִּתְפַּלֵּל בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת וְאוֹמֵר ״וַיְכוּלּוּ״, מַעֲלֶה עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב כְּאִילּוּ נַעֲשָׂה שׁוּתָּף לְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיְכוּלּוּ״ — אַל תִּקְרֵי ״וַיְכוּלּוּ״ אֶלָּא ״וַיְכַלּוּ״.

Shabbat 119b:2

Rava said, and some say it was Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi who said: Even an individual who prays on Shabbat evening must recite the passage: “And the heavens and the earth were finished [vaykhullu]” (Genesis 2:1–3), as Rav Hamnuna said: Anyone who prays on Shabbat evening and recites the passage of vaykhullu, the verse ascribed him credit as if he became a partner with the Holy One, Blessed be He, in the act of Creation. As it is stated: “And the heavens and the earth were finished [vaykhullu].” Do not read it as: Were finished [vaykhullu]; rather, as: They finished [vaykhallu]. It is considered as though the Holy One, Blessed be He, and the individual who says this become partners and completed the work together. Rabbi Elazar said: From where is it derived that speech is like action? As it is stated: “By the word of God the heavens were made, and all of their hosts by the breath of His mouth” (Psalms 33:6).

רמבם הלכות בית הבחירה פרק ז:א
מִצְוַת עֲשֵׂה לְיִרְאָה מִן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט ל) (ויקרא כו ב) "וּמִקְדָּשִׁי תִּירָאוּ". וְלֹא מִן הַמִּקְדָּשׁ אַתָּה יָרֵא אֶלָּא מִמִּי שֶׁצִּוָּה עַל יִרְאָתוֹ:

שבת קי״ג ב:א׳

שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא דִּבּוּרְךָ שֶׁל שַׁבָּת כְּדִבּוּרְךָ שֶׁל חוֹל. דִּבּוּר אָסוּר, הִרְהוּר — מוּתָּר. בִּשְׁלָמָא כּוּלְּהוּ — לְחַיֵּי, אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא הִילּוּכְךָ שֶׁל שַׁבָּת כְּהִילּוּכְךָ שֶׁל חוֹל.

Shabbat 113b:1

means that your speech on Shabbat should not be like your speech during the week, i.e., one should not discuss his weekday affairs on Shabbat. However, it is only speech that they said is prohibited, whereas merely contemplating weekday affairs is permitted. The Gemara asks: Granted, all of these directives, fine, they are understood. However, what is the meaning of the following phrase: That your walking on Shabbat should not be like your walking during the week? The Gemara answers: It is in accordance with that which Rav Huna said that Rav said, and some say that Rabbi Abba said that Rav Huna said: If one were walking on Shabbat and came upon a stream of water and had to cross it, if the stream is narrow and one could place his first foot down on the other side before raising the second one, it is permitted to cross it; and if it is not possible and one must jump to cross it, it is prohibited. That is the type of walking that is not permitted on Shabbat.

ויקרא ו׳:ד׳

(ד) וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְלָבַ֖שׁ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְהוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־הַדֶּ֙שֶׁן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר׃

Leviticus 6:4

(4) He shall then take off his vestments and put on other vestments, and carry the ashes outside the camp to a clean place.

שבת קי״ג ב:ה׳

״וְרָחַצְתְּ וָסַכְתְּ וְשַׂמְתְּ שִׂמְלֹתַיִךְ״ — אָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: אֵלּוּ בְּגָדִים שֶׁל שַׁבָּת.

Shabbat 113b:5

The Gemara continues to discuss Shabbat. Naomi advised Ruth: “And you shall bathe, and anoint yourself, and put on your robes, and go down to the threshing floor. Do not make yourself known to the man until he has finished eating and drinking” (Ruth 3:3). Rabbi Elazar said: These robes are Shabbat garments that Naomi told her to wear in honor of the occasion. Apropos the book of Ruth, the Gemara cites additional statements of Rabbi Elazar with regard to Ruth: “Give to the wise one and he will become wiser; let the righteous one know and he will learn more” (Proverbs 9:9). Rabbi Elazar said: This refers to Ruth the Moabite and Samuel of Rama, who received advice and added to it with their wisdom.

שמות ל״ט:ל״ז

(לז) אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֨ה הַטְּהֹרָ֜ה אֶת־נֵרֹתֶ֗יהָ נֵרֹ֛ת הַמַּֽעֲרָכָ֖ה וְאֶת־כׇּל־כֵּלֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר׃

Exodus 39:37

(37) the pure lampstand, its lamps—lamps in due order—and all its fittings, and the oil for lighting;

יומא ל׳ א:ו׳

מַתְנִי׳ אֵין אָדָם נִכְנָס לָעֲזָרָה לַעֲבוֹדָה אֲפִילּוּ טָהוֹר עַד שֶׁיִּטְבּוֹל. חָמֵשׁ טְבִילוֹת וַעֲשָׂרָה קִדּוּשִׁין טוֹבֵל כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וּמְקַדֵּשׁ בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם.

Yoma 30a:6

MISHNA: A person does not enter the Temple courtyard for the Temple service, even if he is pure, until he immerses. Five immersions and ten sanctifications the High Priest immerses and sanctifies his hands and feet, respectively, on the day of Yom Kippur. And all of these immersions and sanctifications take place in the sacred area, the Temple courtyard, on the roof of the Hall of Parva, except for this first immersion alone. As that immersion is not unique to Yom Kippur, it may be performed outside the courtyard. They spread a sheet of fine linen between him and the people in the interest of modesty, and then the High Priest immersed and sanctified his hands and feet.

אורח חיים ר״ס

(א) דיני הכנסת שבת. ובו ב סעיפים:
מצוה לרחוץ: הגה כל גופו ואם א"א לו ירחץ (טור) פניו ידיו ורגליו בחמין בע"ש

Shulchan Arukh, Orach Chayim 260

(1) 1. Laws Governing [Preparations for] the Onset of Shabbos, 2 Seifim: It is a mitzvah to wash RAMA: one's whole body. If it is not possible he should wash (Tur) his face, hands and legs with warm water on Erev Shabbat. It is a mitzvah to wash one’s head and trim one’s nails every Friday. RAMA: If one’s hair [has grown] too long, it is a mitzvah for him to cut it. And when one trims one's nails one should not grab hold of them in order. One should begin trimming the nails of his left hand with [those of] the kamitzah, (i.e., the fourth finger, the one next to the pinky). On the right hand, [one should start] with the index finger, the second finger, the one next to the thumb. Thus, a memory cue for the order is בדאג"ה (2, 4, 1, 3, 5) on the right hand and דבהג"א (4, 2, 5, 3, 1) on the left. (Avudraham in the Sefer HaMussar)

(2) 2. When it is close to nightfall, one asks of the members of his household in a gentle tone, have you tithed? Have you established the Eruv? Have you separated Challah? And he says to them, 'light the candle'. In a place where one does not tithe, it is not necessary to ask if one tithed (Tur)

יחזקאל מ״א:כ״ב

(כב) הַמִּזְבֵּ֡חַ עֵ֣ץ שָׁלוֹשׁ֩ אַמּ֨וֹת גָּבֹ֜הַּ וְאׇרְכּ֣וֹ שְׁתַּֽיִם־אַמּ֗וֹת וּמִקְצֹֽעוֹתָיו֙ ל֔וֹ וְאׇרְכּ֥וֹ וְקִירֹתָ֖יו עֵ֑ץ וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלַ֔י זֶ֚ה הַשֻּׁלְחָ֔ן אֲשֶׁ֖ר לִפְנֵ֥י ה'׃

Ezekiel 41:22

(22) a wooden altar 3 cubits high and 2 cubits long and having inner corners; and its length and its walls were of wood. And he said to me, “This is the table that stands before the LORD.”