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בראשית לב כד-לב: יעקב נגד ישראל
שאלת דריכה: על פי הפסוקים האלה, מהי מטרת הסיפור?

(כה) וַיִּוָּתֵ֥ר יַעֲקֹ֖ב לְבַדּ֑וֹ וַיֵּאָבֵ֥ק אִישׁ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ עַ֖ד עֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ (כו) וַיַּ֗רְא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָכֹל֙ ל֔וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖ע בְּכַף־יְרֵכ֑וֹ וַתֵּ֙קַע֙ כַּף־יֶ֣רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּהֵֽאָבְק֖וֹ עִמּֽוֹ׃ (כז) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שַׁלְּחֵ֔נִי כִּ֥י עָלָ֖ה הַשָּׁ֑חַר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֲשַֽׁלֵּחֲךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־בֵּרַכְתָּֽנִי׃ (כח) וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו מַה־שְּׁמֶ֑ךָ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר יַעֲקֹֽב׃ (כט) וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לֹ֤א יַעֲקֹב֙ יֵאָמֵ֥ר עוֹד֙ שִׁמְךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־שָׂרִ֧יתָ עִם־אֱלֹהִ֛ים וְעִם־אֲנָשִׁ֖ים וַתּוּכָֽל׃ (ל) וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל יַעֲקֹ֗ב וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַגִּֽידָה־נָּ֣א שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה תִּשְׁאַ֣ל לִשְׁמִ֑י וַיְבָ֥רֶךְ אֹת֖וֹ שָֽׁם׃ (לא) וַיִּקְרָ֧א יַעֲקֹ֛ב שֵׁ֥ם הַמָּק֖וֹם פְּנִיאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־רָאִ֤יתִי אֱלֹהִים֙ פָּנִ֣ים אֶל־פָּנִ֔ים וַתִּנָּצֵ֖ל נַפְשִֽׁי׃ (לב) וַיִּֽזְרַֽח־ל֣וֹ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָבַ֖ר אֶת־פְּנוּאֵ֑ל וְה֥וּא צֹלֵ֖עַ עַל־יְרֵכֽוֹ׃ (לג) עַל־כֵּ֡ן לֹֽא־יֹאכְל֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־גִּ֣יד הַנָּשֶׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־כַּ֣ף הַיָּרֵ֔ךְ עַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֤י נָגַע֙ בְּכַף־יֶ֣רֶךְ יַעֲקֹ֔ב בְּגִ֖יד הַנָּשֶֽׁה׃

(1) Early in the morning, Laban kissed his sons and daughters and bade them good-by; then Laban left on his journey homeward. (2) Jacob went on his way, and angels of God encountered him. (3) When he saw them, Jacob said, “This is God’s camp.” So he named that place Mahanaim. (4) Jacob sent messengers ahead to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the country of Edom, (5) and instructed them as follows, “Thus shall you say, ‘To my lord Esau, thus says your servant Jacob: I stayed with Laban and remained until now; (6) I have acquired cattle, asses, sheep, and male and female slaves; and I send this message to my lord in the hope of gaining your favor.’” (7) The messengers returned to Jacob, saying, “We came to your brother Esau; he himself is coming to meet you, and there are four hundred men with him.” (8) Jacob was greatly frightened; in his anxiety, he divided the people with him, and the flocks and herds and camels, into two camps, (9) thinking, “If Esau comes to the one camp and attacks it, the other camp may yet escape.” (10) Then Jacob said, “O God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac, O LORD, who said to me, ‘Return to your native land and I will deal bountifully with you’! (11) I am unworthy of all the kindness that You have so steadfastly shown Your servant: with my staff alone I crossed this Jordan, and now I have become two camps. (12) Deliver me, I pray, from the hand of my brother, from the hand of Esau; else, I fear, he may come and strike me down, mothers and children alike. (13) Yet You have said, ‘I will deal bountifully with you and make your offspring as the sands of the sea, which are too numerous to count.’” (14) After spending the night there, he selected from what was at hand these presents for his brother Esau: (15) 200 she-goats and 20 he-goats; 200 ewes and 20 rams; (16) 30 milch camels with their colts; 40 cows and 10 bulls; 20 she-asses and 10 he-asses. (17) These he put in the charge of his servants, drove by drove, and he told his servants, “Go on ahead, and keep a distance between droves.” (18) He instructed the one in front as follows, “When my brother Esau meets you and asks you, ‘Whose man are you? Where are you going? And whose [animals] are these ahead of you?’ (19) you shall answer, ‘Your servant Jacob’s; they are a gift sent to my lord Esau; and [Jacob] himself is right behind us.’” (20) He gave similar instructions to the second one, and the third, and all the others who followed the droves, namely, “Thus and so shall you say to Esau when you reach him. (21) And you shall add, ‘And your servant Jacob himself is right behind us.’” For he reasoned, “If I propitiate him with presents in advance, and then face him, perhaps he will show me favor.” (22) And so the gift went on ahead, while he remained in camp that night. (23) That same night he arose, and taking his two wives, his two maidservants, and his eleven children, he crossed the ford of the Jabbok. (24) After taking them across the stream, he sent across all his possessions. (25) Jacob was left alone. And a man wrestled with him until the break of dawn. (26) When he saw that he had not prevailed against him, he wrenched Jacob’s hip at its socket, so that the socket of his hip was strained as he wrestled with him. (27) Then he said, “Let me go, for dawn is breaking.” But he answered, “I will not let you go, unless you bless me.” (28) Said the other, “What is your name?” He replied, “Jacob.” (29) Said he, “Your name shall no longer be Jacob, but Israel, for you have striven with beings divine and human, and have prevailed.” (30) Jacob asked, “Pray tell me your name.” But he said, “You must not ask my name!” And he took leave of him there. (31) So Jacob named the place Peniel, meaning, “I have seen a divine being face to face, yet my life has been preserved.” (32) The sun rose upon him as he passed Penuel, limping on his hip. (33) That is why the children of Israel to this day do not eat the thigh muscle that is on the socket of the hip, since Jacob’s hip socket was wrenched at the thigh muscle.

וירא כי לא יכל לו...והענין כי המאורע כלו רמז לדורותיו שיהיה דור בזרעו של יעקב יתגבר עשו עליהם עד שיהיה קרוב לקעקע ביצתן...ויש דורות אחרים שעשו עמנו כזה ויותר רע מזה והכל סבלנו ועבר עלינו כמו שרמז ויבא יעקב שלם:

...The whole matter represents an allusion to our future history, that there would come a time when the descendants of Esau would overcome Jacob almost to the point of total destruction. This happened during the days of the Sages of the Mishnah in the generation of Rabbi Judah ben Baba and his colleagues, in accordance with their statement: "Said Rabbi Hiyya bar Abba: If a man will say to me, Give your life for the sanctification of the name of the Holy One blessed be He, I give it, so long as he will slay me forthwith, but a generation of persecution (shemad - forced apostasy), I cannot bear. What did they do in a generation of persecution? They would bring iron balls, make them white hot in the flame and place them under the armpits and drive their souls from them. There were other generations who did such things to us and worse than this. But we endured all and it passed us by, as is intimated in the text: "And Jacob came to Shalem (meaning whole or perfect, so that they text may be read homiletically: "And Jacob came through unscathed")

משרשי מצוה זו, כדי שתהיה רמז לישראל, שאף על פי שיסבלו צרות רבות בגלות מיד העמים ומיד בני עשו, יהיו בטוחים שלא יאבדו, אלא לעולם יעמד זרעם ושמם, ויבא להם גואל ויגאלם מיד צר. ובזכרם תמיד ענין זה על יד המצוה שתהיה לזכרון, יעמדו באמנתם ובצדקתם לעולם. ורמז זה הוא לפי שאותו מלאך שנלחם עם יעקב אבינו, שבא בקבלה (בר''ר עח) שהיה שרו של עשו, רצה לעקרו ליעקב מן העולם הוא וזרעו ולא יכול לו, (שם לב כו) וצערו בנגיעת הירך. וכן זרע עשו מצער לזרע יעקב, ולבסוף תהיה להם תשועה מהם. וכמו שמצינו (שם שם לב) באב שזרחה לו השמש לרפאתו ונושע מן הצער, כן יזרח לו השמש של משיח וירפאנו מצערנו ויגאלנו במהרה בימינו, אמן.

Not to eat the sciatic nerve: [Parshat] Vayishlach has one negative commandment, and it is the prohibition of [eating] the sciatic nerve; as it is stated (Genesis 32:33), "Therefore the Children of Israel shall not eat the sciatic nerve." And this [phrase] "they shall not eat" is not to be taken as part of the story, to mean that because this event occurred to [our] forefather, [we, his] descendants refrain from eating that nerve. Rather, it is a warning (prohibition) of God that they shall not eat it.
עד עלות השחר. כלומר עד שיעלה שחר לישראל ישועת ישראל. שהוא דומה לשחר. כי הגלות דומה ללילה. אומות העולם ומלכות אדום הרשעה הם נאבקים עם ישראל כדי להטעותם מדרך ה'. (נג) שנא' שובי שובי השולמית שובי שובי ונחזה בך (שה"ש ז א).

(בראשית לב, כה) ויאבק איש עמו עד עלות השחר אמר רבי יצחק: מכאן לת"ח שלא יצא יחידי בלילה.

"ויותר יעקב לבדו" - אמר רבי אלעזר: שנשתייר על פכין קטנים. מכאן לצדיקים שחביב עליהם ממונם יותר מגופם.

The verse states: “And a man wrestled with him until the breaking of the day.” Rabbi Yitzḥak says: From here it is derived that a Torah scholar should not go out of his house alone at night, as Jacob went out alone at night and was injured. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said that the source for this instruction is from here:

ויותר יעקב לבדו עד וישא עיניו וירא...והיה ההתאבקות הזה שדרך האנשים הצוחקים ומתאבקים זה בזה בידיהם וזרועותיהם לראות איזה יגבר כי ויאבק הוא כמו ויתעפר לשון אבק שמעלים אבק ברגליהם...אבל יעקב השיבו לא אשלחך כי אם ברכתני וענין הברכה הזאת הוא שיודה שהוא היה מנוצח ממנו ויעקב היה מנצחו כי זאת היא הברכה בין המתאבקים או שיפיל האחד את חבירו ארצה ואז הוא הגובר עליו או שחבירו יברכהו ויודה שהוא גבור ממנו שאז אין צריך התאבקות עוד וילך לו...

והנה הרמב"ן הקשה עליו ואמר אם היה זה במראה הנבואה איך בבקר היה צולע על ירכו ואני כבר כתבתי כי אותו ספק אין התירו ממה שיקשה לפי שכבר נראה התפעל כלי הנפש מהדמיונים שהם יגיעו כלי הנפש להנעה מה הלא תראה שיחלום החולם ששוכב עם אשה ומאותו חלום יראה קרי כאלו היה עושה אותו פועל בהקיץ ואחר שהוא נופל ממקום גבוה ויתנועעו איבריו כלם תנועה חזקה בשינה עד שיקץ מאותה תנועה וכל זה יראה מן החוש לכן לא ירוחק שבהיות יעקב בחלום נבואתו רואה ההתאבקות ההוא ושנגע בכף ירכו התפעל כל כך טבעו ומפני הרושם שעשה בו דמיונו באותו חלום שהכלים הגופיים נפגעו בזה ונשאר צולע על ירכו...

יוסף אבן-כספי, משנה כסף חלק א' המכונה "טירת כסף":
אמנם אמרו "וייאבק איש עמו" הוא מראה הנבואה עד מלת "שם" (פסוק ל'), ותחילת זאת ההשגה היה כאשר נותר הוא לבדו, וזה מבואר טעמו... כלל זאת המראה היא לפי דעתי כפשוטו המובן אצל היודעים, רצוני בזה שיעקב אחר שהתפעל בלילה ההוא ביגיעה מסידור המחנות ומהעברת נשיו ובני-ביתו, שעם היגיעה הזאת נצטרף הפחד והחרדה מאיש מציק ומיצר, הניח מעט חושיו בחצי הנשאר מן הלילה ויישן ויחלום, והנה בא אחד שנאבק עמו וכל הנמשך מזה; וזה כמו שקרה ליהושע בהיות מחשבתו טרודה בעניין המלחמות...

(יג) וַיְהִ֗י בִּֽהְי֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בִּירִיחוֹ֒ וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ עֹמֵ֣ד לְנֶגְדּ֔וֹ וְחַרְבּ֥וֹ שְׁלוּפָ֖ה בְּיָד֑וֹ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֤עַ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ הֲלָ֥נוּ אַתָּ֖ה אִם־לְצָרֵֽינוּ׃ (יד) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לֹ֗א כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י שַׂר־צְבָֽא־יְהוָ֖ה עַתָּ֣ה בָ֑אתִי וַיִּפֹּל֩ יְהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ אֶל־פָּנָ֥יו אַ֙רְצָה֙ וַיִּשְׁתָּ֔חוּ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ מָ֥ה אֲדֹנִ֖י מְדַבֵּ֥ר אֶל־עַבְדּֽוֹ׃ (טו) וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד עָלָ֖יו קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֑וּא וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ כֵּֽן׃

(1) When all the kings of the Amorites on the western side of the Jordan, and all the kings of the Canaanites near the Sea, heard how the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan for the sake of the Israelites until they crossed over, they lost heart, and no spirit was left in them because of the Israelites. (2) At that time the LORD said to Joshua, “Make flint knives and proceed with a second circumcision of the Israelites.” (3) So Joshua had flint knives made, and the Israelites were circumcised at Gibeath-haaraloth. (4) This is the reason why Joshua had the circumcision performed: All the people who had come out of Egypt, all the males of military age, had died during the desert wanderings after leaving Egypt. (5) Now, whereas all the people who came out of Egypt had been circumcised, none of the people born after the exodus, during the desert wanderings, had been circumcised. (6) For the Israelites had traveled in the wilderness forty years, until the entire nation—the men of military age who had left Egypt—had perished; because they had not obeyed the LORD, and the LORD had sworn never to let them see the land that the LORD had sworn to their fathers to assign to us, a land flowing with milk and honey. (7) But He had raised up their sons in their stead; and it was these that Joshua circumcised, for they were uncircumcised, not having been circumcised on the way. (8) After the circumcising of the whole nation was completed, they remained where they were, in the camp, until they recovered. (9) And the LORD said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away from you the disgrace of Egypt.” So that place was called Gilgal, as it still is. (10) Encamped at Gilgal, in the steppes of Jericho, the Israelites offered the passover sacrifice on the fourteenth day of the month, toward evening. (11) On the day after the passover offering, on that very day, they ate of the produce of the country, unleavened bread and parched grain. (12) On that same day, when they ate of the produce of the land, the manna ceased. The Israelites got no more manna; that year they ate of the yield of the land of Canaan. (13) Once, when Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing before him, drawn sword in hand. Joshua went up to him and asked him, “Are you one of us or of our enemies?” (14) He replied, “No, I am captain of the LORD’s host. Now I have come!” Joshua threw himself face down to the ground and, prostrating himself, said to him, “What does my lord command his servant?” (15) The captain of the LORD’s host answered Joshua, “Remove your sandals from your feet, for the place where you stand is holy.” And Joshua did so.
שאלה:
מה מסמלת החלפת שמו של יעקב?

(א) סְבָבֻ֤נִי בְכַ֙חַשׁ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה עֹ֥ד רָד֙ עִם־אֵ֔ל וְעִם־קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים נֶאֱמָֽן׃ (ב) אֶפְרַ֜יִם רֹעֶ֥ה ר֙וּחַ֙ וְרֹדֵ֣ף קָדִ֔ים כָּל־הַיּ֕וֹם כָּזָ֥ב וָשֹׁ֖ד יַרְבֶּ֑ה וּבְרִית֙ עִם־אַשּׁ֣וּר יִכְרֹ֔תוּ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לְמִצְרַ֥יִם יוּבָֽל׃ (ג) וְרִ֥יב לַֽיהוָ֖ה עִם־יְהוּדָ֑ה וְלִפְקֹ֤ד עַֽל־יַעֲקֹב֙ כִּדְרָכָ֔יו כְּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו יָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃ (ד) בַּבֶּ֖טֶן עָקַ֣ב אֶת־אָחִ֑יו וּבְאוֹנ֖וֹ שָׂרָ֥ה אֶת־אֱלֹהִֽים׃ (ה) וָיָּ֤שַׂר אֶל־מַלְאָךְ֙ וַיֻּכָ֔ל בָּכָ֖ה וַיִּתְחַנֶּן־ל֑וֹ בֵּֽית־אֵל֙ יִמְצָאֶ֔נּוּ וְשָׁ֖ם יְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּֽנוּ׃

(1) Ephraim surrounds Me with deceit, The House of Israel with guile. (But Judah stands firm with God And is faithful to the Holy One.) (2) Ephraim tends the wind And pursues the gale; He is forever adding Illusion to calamity. Now they make a covenant with Assyria, Now oil is carried to Egypt. (3) The LORD once indicted Judah, And punished Jacob for his conduct, Requited him for his deeds. (4) In the womb he tried to supplant his brother; Grown to manhood, he strove with a divine being, (5) He strove with an angel and prevailed— The other had to weep and implore him. At Bethel [Jacob] would meet him, There to commune with him. (6) Yet the LORD, the God of Hosts, Must be invoked as “LORD.” (7) You must return to your God! Practice goodness and justice, And constantly trust in your God. (8) A trader who uses false balances, Who loves to overreach, (9) Ephraim thinks, “Ah, I have become rich; I have gotten power! All my gains do not amount To an offense which is real guilt.” (10) I the LORD have been your God Ever since the land of Egypt. I will let you dwell in your tents again As in the days of old, (11) When I spoke to the prophets; For I granted many visions, And spoke parables through the prophets. (12) As for Gilead, it is worthless; And to no purpose have they Been sacrificing oxen in Gilgal: The altars of these are also Like stone heaps upon a plowed field. (13) Then Jacob had to flee to the land of Aram; There Israel served for a wife, For a wife he had to guard [sheep]. (14) But when the LORD Brought Israel up from Egypt, It was through a prophet; Through a prophet they were guarded. (15) Ephraim gave bitter offense, And his Lord cast his crimes upon him And requited him for his mockery.

(ז) הֶאָמ֣וּר בֵּֽית־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הֲקָצַר֙ ר֣וּחַ יְהוָ֔ה אִם־אֵ֖לֶּה מַעֲלָלָ֑יו הֲל֤וֹא דְבָרַ֨י יֵיטִ֔יבוּ עִ֖ם הַיָּשָׁ֥ר הוֹלֵֽךְ׃ - עדיין שמו יעקב, כיוון שרמאי הוא, ואינו ראוי לשם ישראל...

(1) Ah, those who plan iniquity And design evil on their beds; When morning dawns, they do it, For they have the power. (2) They covet fields, and seize them; Houses, and take them away. They defraud men of their homes, And people of their land. (3) Assuredly, thus said the LORD: I am planning such a misfortune against this clan that you will not be able to free your necks from it. You will not be able to walk erect; it will be such a time of disaster. (4) In that day, One shall recite a poem about you, And utter a bitter lament, And shall say: “My people’s portion changes hands; How it slips away from me! Our field is allotted to a rebel. We are utterly ravaged.” (5) Truly, none of you Shall cast a lot cord In the assembly of the LORD! (6) “Stop preaching!” they preach. “That’s no way to preach; Shame shall not overtake [us]. (7) Is the House of Jacob condemned? Is the LORD’s patience short? Is such His practice?” To be sure, My words are friendly To those who walk in rectitude; (8) But an enemy arises against My people. You strip the mantle with the cloak Off such as pass unsuspecting, Who are turned away from war. (9) You drive the women of My people away From their pleasant homes; You deprive their infants Of My glory forever. (10) Up and depart! This is no resting place Because of [your] defilement. Terrible destruction shall befall. (11) If a man were to go about uttering Windy, baseless falsehoods: “I’ll preach to you in favor of wine and liquor”— He would be a preacher [acceptable] to that people. (12) I will assemble Jacob, all of you; I will bring together the remnant of Israel; I will make them all like sheep of Bozrah, Like a flock inside its pen— They will be noisy with people. (13) One who makes a breach Goes before them; They enlarge it to a gate And leave by it. Their king marches before them, The LORD at their head.

(א) נַחֲמ֥וּ נַחֲמ֖וּ עַמִּ֑י יֹאמַ֖ר אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ (ב) דַּבְּר֞וּ עַל־לֵ֤ב יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וְקִרְא֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ כִּ֤י מָֽלְאָה֙ צְבָאָ֔הּ כִּ֥י נִרְצָ֖ה עֲוֺנָ֑הּ כִּ֤י לָקְחָה֙ מִיַּ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּפְלַ֖יִם בְּכָל־חַטֹּאתֶֽיהָ׃ (ס) (ג) ק֣וֹל קוֹרֵ֔א בַּמִּדְבָּ֕ר פַּנּ֖וּ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֑ה יַשְּׁרוּ֙ בָּעֲרָבָ֔ה מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ (ד) כָּל־גֶּיא֙ יִנָּשֵׂ֔א וְכָל־הַ֥ר וְגִבְעָ֖ה יִשְׁפָּ֑לוּ וְהָיָ֤ה הֶֽעָקֹב֙ לְמִישׁ֔וֹר וְהָרְכָסִ֖ים לְבִקְעָֽה׃ (ה) וְנִגְלָ֖ה כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֑ה וְרָא֤וּ כָל־בָּשָׂר֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו כִּ֛י פִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃ (ס)

(1) Comfort, oh comfort My people, Says your God. (2) Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, And declare to her That her term of service is over, That her iniquity is expiated; For she has received at the hand of the LORD Double for all her sins. (3) A voice rings out: “Clear in the desert A road for the LORD! Level in the wilderness A highway for our God! (4) Let every valley be raised, Every hill and mount made low. Let the rugged ground become level And the ridges become a plain. (5) The Presence of the LORD shall appear, And all flesh, as one, shall behold— For the LORD Himself has spoken.” (6) A voice rings out: “Proclaim!” Another asks, “What shall I proclaim?” “All flesh is grass, All its goodness like flowers of the field: (7) Grass withers, flowers fade When the breath of the LORD blows on them. Indeed, man is but grass: (8) Grass withers, flowers fade— But the word of our God is always fulfilled!” (9) Ascend a lofty mountain, O herald of joy to Zion; Raise your voice with power, O herald of joy to Jerusalem— Raise it, have no fear; Announce to the cities of Judah: Behold your God! (10) Behold, the Lord GOD comes in might, And His arm wins triumph for Him; See, His reward is with Him, His recompense before Him. (11) Like a shepherd He pastures His flock: He gathers the lambs in His arms And carries them in His bosom; Gently He drives the mother sheep. (12) Who measured the waters with the hollow of His hand, And gauged the skies with a span, And meted earth’s dust with a measure, And weighed the mountains with a scale And the hills with a balance? (13) Who has plumbed the mind of the LORD, What man could tell Him His plan? (14) Whom did He consult, and who taught Him, Guided Him in the way of right? Who guided Him in knowledge And showed Him the path of wisdom? (15) The nations are but a drop in a bucket, Reckoned as dust on a balance; The very coastlands He lifts like motes. (16) Lebanon is not fuel enough, Nor its beasts enough for sacrifice. (17) All nations are as naught in His sight; He accounts them as less than nothing. (18) To whom, then, can you liken God, What form compare to Him? (19) The idol? A woodworker shaped it, And a smith overlaid it with gold, Forging links of silver. (20) As a gift, he chooses the mulberry— A wood that does not rot— Then seeks a skillful woodworker To make a firm idol, That will not topple. (21) Do you not know? Have you not heard? Have you not been told From the very first? Have you not discerned How the earth was founded? (22) It is He who is enthroned above the vault of the earth, So that its inhabitants seem as grasshoppers; Who spread out the skies like gauze, Stretched them out like a tent to dwell in. (23) He brings potentates to naught, Makes rulers of the earth as nothing. (24) Hardly are they planted, Hardly are they sown, Hardly has their stem Taken root in earth, When He blows upon them and they dry up, And the storm bears them off like straw. (25) To whom, then, can you liken Me, To whom can I be compared? —says the Holy One. (26) Lift high your eyes and see: Who created these? He who sends out their host by count, Who calls them each by name: Because of His great might and vast power, Not one fails to appear. (27) Why do you say, O Jacob, Why declare, O Israel, “My way is hid from the LORD, My cause is ignored by my God”? (28) Do you not know? Have you not heard? The LORD is God from of old, Creator of the earth from end to end, He never grows faint or weary, His wisdom cannot be fathomed. (29) He gives strength to the weary, Fresh vigor to the spent. (30) Youths may grow faint and weary, And young men stumble and fall; (31) But they who trust in the LORD shall renew their strength As eagles grow new plumes: They shall run and not grow weary, They shall march and not grow faint.

(א) שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֣את בֵּֽית־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הַנִּקְרָאִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִמֵּ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יָצָ֑אוּ הַֽנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים ׀ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה וּבֵאלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א בֶאֱמֶ֖ת וְלֹ֥א בִצְדָקָֽה׃

(1) Listen to this, O House of Jacob, Who bear the name Israel And have issued from the waters of Judah, Who swear by the name of the LORD And invoke the God of Israel— Though not in truth and sincerity— (2) For you are called after the Holy City And you do lean on the God of Israel, Whose name is LORD of Hosts: (3) Long ago, I foretold things that happened, From My mouth they issued, and I announced them; Suddenly I acted, and they came to pass. (4) Because I know how stubborn you are (Your neck is like an iron sinew And your forehead bronze), (5) Therefore I told you long beforehand, Announced things to you ere they happened— That you might not say, “My idol caused them, My carved and molten images ordained them.” (6) You have heard all this; look, must you not acknowledge it? As of now, I announce to you new things, Well-guarded secrets you did not know. (7) Only now are they created, and not of old; Before today you had not heard them; You cannot say, “I knew them already.” (8) You had never heard, you had never known, Your ears were not opened of old. Though I know that you are treacherous, That you were called a rebel from birth, (9) For the sake of My name I control My wrath; To My own glory, I am patient with you, And I will not destroy you. (10) See, I refine you, but not as silver; I test you in the furnace of affliction. (11) For My sake, My own sake, do I act— Lest [My name] be dishonored! I will not give My glory to another. (12) Listen to Me, O Jacob, Israel, whom I have called: I am He—I am the first, And I am the last as well. (13) My own hand founded the earth, My right hand spread out the skies. I call unto them, let them stand up. (14) Assemble, all of you, and listen! Who among you foretold these things: “He whom the LORD loves Shall work His will against Babylon, And, with His might, against Chaldea”? (15) I, I predicted, and I called him; I have brought him and he shall succeed in his mission. (16) Draw near to Me and hear this: From the beginning, I did not speak in secret; From the time anything existed, I was there. “And now the Lord God has sent me, endowed with His spirit.” (17) Thus said the LORD your Redeemer, The Holy One of Israel: I the LORD am your God, Instructing you for your own benefit. Guiding you in the way you should go. (18) If only you would heed My commands! Then your prosperity would be like a river, Your triumph like the waves of the sea. (19) Your offspring would be as many as the sand, Their issue as many as its grains. Their name would never be cut off Or obliterated from before Me. (20) Go forth from Babylon, Flee from Chaldea! Declare this with loud shouting, Announce this, Bring out the word to the ends of the earth! Say: “The LORD has redeemed His servant Jacob!” (21) They have known no thirst, Though He led them through parched places; He made water flow for them from the rock; He cleaved the rock and water gushed forth. (22) There is no safety—said the LORD—for the wicked.
נויה שגיב - פרשת השבוע: פרשת וישלח. מאבק פנימי, עד עלות השחר.
ובכן, אני מבקשת להציע שיעקב לא נפגש עם מלאך, אלא עם עצמו. ראשית, אין הפסוק משתמש בלשון "מלאך" אלא בלשון "איש". שנית, מצוין כי יעקב נשאר "לבדו". לא עם מלאך. אלא לבד לבד. עם עצמו. סצינת המאבק, סצינה של לילה, של מעבר, בין גדה לאחרת, כאשר הנהר הוא נקודת מעבר סמלית בין צד אחד לצד שני שיעקב קרוע ביניהם. בין יעקב הרדוף, הנאבק, הפושע הבורח, לבין יעקב האיש הלגיטימי, המבורך בדין, שעומד שווה מול אחיו, כפי שהיה רוצה לראות את עצמו. הרי איך יוכל לעמוד מול אחיו, רמאי וגזלן? שמענו על יעקב שבורח, על יעקב שמרומה בבית לבן, כמעין נקמה של הטקסט בו, אבל בכל שנות הבריחה של יעקב, לא שמענו פעם אחת שיחה של יעקב עם עצמו, בה הוא מתחרט או מבקש סליחה או מתמודד עם עצמו עם מה שעשה. אני רוצה לחשוב שיעקב בצד הרווחים, גם הרגיש רע עם הפגיעה בעשיו, ורוצה לחשוב שרגע לפני הפגישה עם עשיו, הוא מנהל סוף סוף שיחה, מאבק, דיאלוג עם עצמו על אותו לילה מלפני 20 שנה. אולי שיחה שמתנהלת בינו לבינו כבר שנים, על זהותו, על שייכותו, על מעשיו, על עברו, על עתידו. והנה השיחה הזאת חייבת להסתיים, וחייבת הכרעה, רגע לפני המפגש עם המציאות. המאבק, נדמה כמו מאבק בין שני שווים. בין דומים, בין זהים. מאזן אימה של המלאך הטוב ושל המלאך הרע, של יעקב של צד אחד, יעקב של צד שני. של יעקב החזק, התחמן, המזיז אבנים, המאכער, הנאבק ביעקב החלש, הבוכה באהבתו, שלא יודע בעצם איך להיערך לקראת המפגש עם אח שלו. בשרו ודמו. מכין מתנה, תפילה ומלחמה, מתוך מבוכה גדולה, כי הוא לא יודע את מי הוא יפגוש, במפגש שלו עם עצמו. אני מדמיינת את יעקב ואת יעקב אוחזים אחד בשני, מפחדים לנצח, מפחדים להפסיד, מאזן כוחות שאסור כרגע להזיז. אדם נאחז בעצמו. קפאון. איילה שנתפסה בעיניה בין פנסי המכונית באמצע הלילה.
איך קוראים לך, אחד שואל. איך קוראים לך, שני שואל. והנה, לאט עולה השחר. וזמן המאבק הפנימי נגמר. והמאבק חייב להיות מוכרע. בתנועות מהירות, חדות, רכות ומפתיעות, המאבק נגמר בשינוי זהות. מעכשיו אתה לא מי שהיית. מעכשיו אתה איש חדש. זהות חדשה. מעכשיו אתה ישראל. ניצחת, לא רק את אלהים, אלא גם אנשים, ואולי בראש ובראשונה את עצמך. אחרי לילה מסויט שמי יודע כמה זמן ארך, אחרי תנועה אינסופית בין גדה אחת לאחרת, אחרי מאבק ומאזן אימה בין דמות לדמות, בין עצמך לעצמך, לאט עולה השחר, וברגע אחד, קורא לעצמך בשם חדש, ונהיית שלם, אחד עם עצמך. "...וַתִּנָּצֵל נַפְשִׁי."
אליעזר חדד, "והיה העקוב למישור – מיעקב לישראל"
אך בבחינה של שם הוי"ה שונה מאבקו כעת מדרכו של נחש: במקום לנשוך עקבי יריבו ולהציב ראשו מול עקבו, יעקב עומד כעת "פנים אל פנים" (ל"ב, לא) במאבקו. מ'יעקב' הנוקט דרכים פתלתלות במאבקיו הפך ל'ישראל' המֵּישיר מבט אל אלוהים וניצל. אמנם מחיר יש לדרך זו, שהרי הוא נוקע את כף ירכו, ונותר בו מעט מדרך הילוכו של הנחש כשהוא "צֹּ לע על ירכו" (ל"ב, לב)...

אם כך, מדוע החלפת שמו של יעקב נזכרת שוב בבראשית לה???

(ט) וַיֵּרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים אֶֽל־יַעֲקֹב֙ ע֔וֹד בְּבֹא֖וֹ מִפַּדַּ֣ן אֲרָ֑ם וַיְבָ֖רֶךְ אֹתֽוֹ׃ (י) וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים שִׁמְךָ֣ יַעֲקֹ֑ב לֹֽא־יִקָּרֵא֩ שִׁמְךָ֨ ע֜וֹד יַעֲקֹ֗ב כִּ֤י אִם־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (יא) וַיֹּאמֶר֩ ל֨וֹ אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֲנִ֨י אֵ֤ל שַׁדַּי֙ פְּרֵ֣ה וּרְבֵ֔ה גּ֛וֹי וּקְהַ֥ל גּוֹיִ֖ם יִהְיֶ֣ה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ וּמְלָכִ֖ים מֵחֲלָצֶ֥יךָ יֵצֵֽאוּ׃ (יב) וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֛תִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם וּלְיִצְחָ֖ק לְךָ֣ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וּֽלְזַרְעֲךָ֥ אַחֲרֶ֖יךָ אֶתֵּ֥ן אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (יג) וַיַּ֥עַל מֵעָלָ֖יו אֱלֹהִ֑ים בַּמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃ (יד) וַיַּצֵּ֨ב יַעֲקֹ֜ב מַצֵּבָ֗ה בַּמָּק֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ מַצֶּ֣בֶת אָ֑בֶן וַיַּסֵּ֤ךְ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ נֶ֔סֶךְ וַיִּצֹ֥ק עָלֶ֖יהָ שָֽׁמֶן׃ (טו) וַיִּקְרָ֨א יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ דִּבֶּ֨ר אִתּ֥וֹ שָׁ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בֵּֽית־אֵֽל׃

(1) God said to Jacob, “Arise, go up to Bethel and remain there; and build an altar there to the God who appeared to you when you were fleeing from your brother Esau.” (2) So Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, “Rid yourselves of the alien gods in your midst, purify yourselves, and change your clothes. (3) Come, let us go up to Bethel, and I will build an altar there to the God who answered me when I was in distress and who has been with me wherever I have gone.” (4) They gave to Jacob all the alien gods that they had, and the rings that were in their ears, and Jacob buried them under the terebinth that was near Shechem. (5) As they set out, a terror from God fell on the cities round about, so that they did not pursue the sons of Jacob. (6) Thus Jacob came to Luz—that is, Bethel—in the land of Canaan, he and all the people who were with him. (7) There he built an altar and named the site El-bethel, for it was there that God had revealed Himself to him when he was fleeing from his brother. (8) Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died, and was buried under the oak below Bethel; so it was named Allon-bacuth. (9) God appeared again to Jacob on his arrival from Paddan-aram, and He blessed him. (10) God said to him, “You whose name is Jacob, You shall be called Jacob no more, But Israel shall be your name.” Thus He named him Israel. (11) And God said to him, “I am El Shaddai. Be fertile and increase; A nation, yea an assembly of nations, Shall descend from you. Kings shall issue from your loins. (12) The land that I assigned to Abraham and Isaac I assign to you; And to your offspring to come Will I assign the land.” (13) God parted from him at the spot where He had spoken to him; (14) and Jacob set up a pillar at the site where He had spoken to him, a pillar of stone, and he offered a libation on it and poured oil upon it. (15) Jacob gave the site, where God had spoken to him, the name of Bethel. (16) They set out from Bethel; but when they were still some distance short of Ephrath, Rachel was in childbirth, and she had hard labor. (17) When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Have no fear, for it is another boy for you.” (18) But as she breathed her last—for she was dying—she named him Ben-oni; but his father called him Benjamin. (19) Thus Rachel died. She was buried on the road to Ephrath—now Bethlehem. (20) Over her grave Jacob set up a pillar; it is the pillar at Rachel’s grave to this day. (21) Israel journeyed on, and pitched his tent beyond Migdal-eder. (22) While Israel stayed in that land, Reuben went and lay with Bilhah, his father’s concubine; and Israel found out. Now the sons of Jacob were twelve in number. (23) The sons of Leah: Reuben—Jacob’s first-born—Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. (24) The sons of Rachel: Joseph and Benjamin. (25) The sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s maid: Dan and Naphtali. (26) And the sons of Zilpah, Leah’s maid: Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan-aram. (27) And Jacob came to his father Isaac at Mamre, at Kiriath-arba—now Hebron—where Abraham and Isaac had sojourned. (28) Isaac was a hundred and eighty years old (29) when he breathed his last and died. He was gathered to his kin in ripe old age; and he was buried by his sons Esau and Jacob.
יונתן גרוסמן - "את אשר תדר שלם": למשמעות מאבק יעקב והמלאך.‏
מעתה ברור גם מדוע מפצלת התורה את מפגש יעקב עם המלאך, ואינה כותבת את תוכן הברכה אלא לאחר קיום הנדר. רושם המאבק צריך להישאר כמאבק. בראש ובראשונה יעקב יוצא ממאבק זה "צלע על ירכו" ולא מבורך. בהקשר זה, הברכה היא משנית, ונועדה 'רק' להזכיר ליעקב את ייעודו הכללי, ההיסטורי, כלומר לרמוז לו על דבר קיום הנדר. מקומה הבסיסי של הברכה הוא רק לאחר קיום הנדר, לאחר שיעקב מבין את משמעות חייו וייעודו, אלא ש'נצרך' הקב"ה לברך את יעקב עוד קודם בשל התעלמותו של יעקב מפן זה אשר בחייו. תיאור הברכה בצורה מפורטת ייכתב במקומו הראוי, מיד לאחר קיום הנדר. וכך מסופר על הברכה בשעה שנאמרה בפועל )במאבק עם המלאך(, אך תכניה נזכרים במקום שבו אמורה הייתה להיאמר, לאחר קיום הנדר, לאחר קיום "אל האדמה הזאת" ולפני "ושבתי... אל בית אבי".
סיפור אטיולוגי: מה עניין גיד הנשה לסיפור?
ויגע בכף ירכו. זה המילה. וכן גזרה מלכות הרשעה שמד שלא ימולו את בניהם.

בגיד הנשה. ידוע כאשר העתיקו קדמונינו ז''ל ואין בו ספק כי אם לחסרי הדעת. ותולדת שמפרשים שהוא האבר ויפרשו הנשה מגזרת נשים...

על כן לא יאכלו בני ישראל. להיות להם לזכרון כי אביהם נלחם עם המלאך ולא יכול לו ולכך נגע בכף יריכו במקום שגיד הנשה שם והיא זכרון כבוד וגדולה:
It is to be a commemoration for them that their forefather fought with the angel, and [the latter] could not subdue him. And so [the angel] pressed him on the hollow of his thigh, in the place where there is the the sciatic nerve. And it is a commemoration of glory and greatness.