§ The Sages taught: Who is considered a שוטה? One who goes out alone at night, and one who sleeps in a cemetery, and one who rends his garment. It was stated that Rav Huna said: One does not have the halakhic status of a שוטה until there are all of these signs present in him at the same time. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: He is considered a שוטה even due to the appearance of one of these signs.
היכי דמי אי דעביד להו דרך שטות אפי' בחדא נמי אי דלא עביד להו דרך שטות אפילו כולהו נמי לא
The Gemara asks: What are the circumstances of the case under discussion? If he performs them in a deranged manner, then even the appearance of one sign should be enough to classify him as a שוטה. If he does not perform these actions in a deranged manner, but has a reason to act this way, then even if he performs all of them he should not be deemed a שוטה.
(10) But Moses said to the LORD, “Please, O Lord, I have never been a man of words, either in times past or now that You have spoken to Your servant; I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.”
כבד פה. בִּכְבֵדוּת אֲנִי מְדַבֵּר. וּבִלְשׁוֹן לַעַז בלב"ו:
כבד פה SLOW OF SPEECH (lit. heavy of mouth) — I speak heavily (with difficulty) (English = stammerer).
(3) The king continued, “Is there anyone at all left of the House of Saul with whom I can keep faith as pledged before God?” Ziba answered the king, “Yes, there is still a son of Jonathan whose feet are crippled.”
נכה. ענין שבירה, וכן (מלכים ב כג כט): פרעה נכה:
האפס עוד איש אחר שלא באו לקבל חסד וגם למהרי"א דייק האפס איש רצה לומר איש ראוי להתמנות, והוסיף ואעשה עמו חסד אלהים לכלול כל בית שאול אף שאינו מזרע יהונתן, כי לא אמר בעבור יהונתן, והשיב לו שנמצא בן ליהונתן אבל הוא נכה רגלים ובלתי ראוי להתמנות:
(טו) וַיִּזְעֲק֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ אֶל־יְהוָה֒ וַיָּקֶם֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם מוֹשִׁ֗יעַ אֶת־אֵה֤וּד בֶּן־גֵּרָא֙ בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֔י אִ֥ישׁ אִטֵּ֖ר יַד־יְמִינ֑וֹ וַיִּשְׁלְח֨וּ בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל בְּיָדוֹ֙ מִנְחָ֔ה לְעֶגְל֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ מוֹאָֽב׃
(15) Then the Israelites cried out to the LORD, and the LORD raised up a champion for them: the Benjaminite Ehud son of Gera, a left-handed man. It happened that the Israelites sent tribute to King Eglon of Moab through him.
He further said: And anyone who disqualifies others by stating that their lineage is flawed, that is a sign that he himself is of flawed lineage. Another indication that one’s lineage is flawed is that he never speaks in praise of others. And Shmuel says: If one habitually claims that others are flawed, he disqualifies himself with his own flaw. The flaw he accuses them of having is in fact the one that he has.
(ג) הוּא הָיָה אוֹמֵר, אַל תְּהִי בָז לְכָל אָדָם, וְאַל תְּהִי מַפְלִיג לְכָל דָּבָר, שֶׁאֵין לְךָ אָדָם שֶׁאֵין לוֹ שָׁעָה וְאֵין לְךָ דָבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ מָקוֹם:
(3) He used to say: do not despise any man, and do not discriminate against anything, for there is no man that has not his hour, and there is no thing that has not its place.
(7) If, however, there is a needy person among you, one of your kinsmen in any of your settlements in the land that the LORD your God is giving you, do not harden your heart and shut your hand against your needy kinsman.
(יב) הָרוֹאֶה אֶת הַכּוּשִׁי וְאֶת הַמְשֻׁנִּין בְּצוּרַת פְּנֵיהֶן אוֹ בְּאֵיבְרֵיהֶם מְבָרֵךְ בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְיָ׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם מְשַׁנֶּה אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת. הָרוֹאֶה סוּמָא אוֹ קִטֵּעַ וּמֻכֶּה שְׁחִין וּבוֹהֲקָנִין וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן מְבָרֵךְ בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְיָ׳ אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם דַּיַּן הָאֱמֶת. וְאִם נוֹלְדוּ כֵּן מִמְּעֵי אִמָּן מְבָרֵךְ מְשַׁנֶּה אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת. הָרוֹאֶה אֶת הַפִּיל וְאֶת הַקּוֹף וְאֶת הַקִּיפוֹף אוֹמֵר בָּרוּךְ מְשַׁנֶּה אֶת הַבְּרִיּוֹת:
(12) On seeing a kushi man, or anyone unusual in facial appearance or conformation of his limbs, one says, "Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, Who variest the forms of creatures." On seeing a blind person, a cripple, or one afflicted with boils or tetters, etc. the blessing said is "Blessed art Thou, O Lord our God, King of the Universe, the true Judge." If the affliction is congenital, the blessing is "Who variest the forms of creatures." On seeing an elephant, an ape or an owl one says, "Blessed be He Who varieth the forms of creatures."
(8) Speak up for those who can't speak, For the rights of all the unfortunate.
(1) A song of ascents. Of David. How good and how pleasant it is that brothers dwell together.