21 Days (A Class on the Three Weeks)

Biblical Roots

Shemot (Exodus) 32:23-25 – Aaron recounts to Moshe the events leading up to the golden Calf.

Bamidbar (Numbers) 13:32, 14:1, 14:34 – The spies publicly reported that the land promised to them by Hashem was not worth entering, and any attempt to conquer it would fail.

Ashes to Ashes; Dust to Dust

Zechariah 8:19 – There are four fasts that commemorate the destruction, which will be turned into days of joy when the Temple is rebuilt.

Mishnah, Ta’anit 4:6 – The five calamities of Tishah B’Av focus on the destruction of the Temple and Jewish settlement in the land of Israel

1. It was decreed upon our ancestors not to enter the Land.

2. The First Temple was destroyed.
3. The Second Temple was destroyed.

4. The city of Beitar was captured.
5. Jerusalem was "plowed" over.

The Power of A Good Cry

וכתיב (במדבר יד, א) ותשא כל העדה ויתנו את קולם ויבכו העם בלילה ההוא אמר רבה אמר ר' יוחנן (אותו היום ערב) תשעה באב היה אמר להם הקב"ה אתם בכיתם בכיה של חנם ואני קובע לכם בכיה לדורות
And it is further written: “And all the congregation lifted up their voice and cried and the people wept that night” (Numbers 14:1). Rabba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: That night was the night of the Ninth of Av. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to them: You wept needlessly that night, and I will therefore establish for you a true tragedy over which there will be weeping in future generations.

Good Mourning

Rabbi Eliyahu Kitov, Sefer HaToda’ah, Ch. 33 – Mourning for past mistakes helps guarantee a future.