Is Megillat Rut a "tikkun" for Sefer Shoftim?
(א) וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּׁפְטִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י רָעָ֖ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אִ֜ישׁ מִבֵּ֧ית לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה לָגוּר֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב ה֥וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנָֽיו׃
(1) In the days when the chieftains ruled, there was a famine in the land; and a man of Bethlehem in Judah, with his wife and two sons, went to reside in the country of Moab.
(א) וַיְהִי בִּימֵי שְׁפֹט הַשֹּׁפְטִים. לִפְנֵי מְלֹךְ מֶלֶךְ שָׁאוּל, שֶׁהָיוּ הַדּוֹרוֹת מִתְפַּרְנְסִים עַל יְדֵי שׁוֹפְטִים. וּבִימֵי אִבְצָן הָיָה, שֶׁאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ, אִבְצָן זֶה בֹּעַז: (ב) וַיֵּלֶךְ אִישׁ. עָשִׁיר גָּדוֹל הָיָה וּפַרְנַס הַדּוֹר. וְיָצָא מֵאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לְחוּץ לָאָרֶץ מִפְּנֵי צָרוּת הָעָיִן, שֶׁהָיְתָה עֵינוֹ צָרָה בָעֲנִיִּים הַבָּאִים לְדָחְקוֹ, לְכַךְ נֶעֱנַשׁ:
(1) And it happened in the days when judges judged. [During the period] before King Shaul reigned, when the generations were administered by judges;1There was no individual judge who could exercise control over all of Yisroel, rather there were many judges. (Malbim) Alternatively, this was a period when God judged the judges. (Gra) and this occurred in the days of Ivtzan, as our sages said, “Ivtzan is Bo’az.”2Maseches Bava Basra 91a; and Bo’az is a central figure in Megillas Rus. (2) And a man went. He was very wealthy,3איש denotes an important person, as Targum renders, גברא רבא, “a great man.” and the leader of the generation. He left Eretz Yisroel for regions out of the land because of stinginess, for he was miserly toward the poor who came to press him;4He was the only man to leave Eretz Yisroel because of the famine. Because of his stature and greatness he was severely punished for leaving Eretz Yisroel and remaining in Mo’av. (Malbim) therefore he was punished.5He was afraid that the poor would unite and confiscate all of his possessions. (Malbim)
(ח) וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֤ט אַֽחֲרָיו֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִבְצָ֖ן מִבֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃
(8) After him, Ibzan of Bethlehem led Israel.
(א) וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מִ֣י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֧נוּ אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י בַּתְּחִלָּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ׃ (ב) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֣ה יַעֲלֶ֑ה הִנֵּ֛ה נָתַ֥תִּי אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
(1) After the death of Joshua, the Israelites inquired of the LORD, “Which of us shall be the first to go up against the Canaanites and attack them?” (2) The LORD replied, “Let [the tribe of] Judah go up. I now deliver the land into their hands.”
(ו) בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֛ישׁ הַיָּשָׁ֥ר בְּעֵינָ֖יו יַעֲשֶֽׂה׃ (פ)
(6) In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did as he pleased.
(א) בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם אֵ֥ין מֶ֖לֶךְ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּבַיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם שֵׁ֣בֶט הַדָּנִ֞י מְבַקֶּשׁ־ל֤וֹ נַֽחֲלָה֙ לָשֶׁ֔בֶת כִּי֩ לֹֽא־נָ֨פְלָה לּ֜וֹ עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא בְּתוֹךְ־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּנַחֲלָֽה׃ (ס)
(1) In those days there was no king in Israel, and in those days the tribe of Dan was seeking a territory in which to settle; for to that day no territory had fallen to their lot among the tribes of Israel.
(א) וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃
(1) In those days, when there was no king in Israel, a Levite residing at the other end of the hill country of Ephraim took to himself a concubine from Bethlehem in Judah.
(א) וּֽלְנָעֳמִ֞י מידע [מוֹדַ֣ע] לְאִישָׁ֗הּ אִ֚ישׁ גִּבּ֣וֹר חַ֔יִל מִמִּשְׁפַּ֖חַת אֱלִימֶ֑לֶךְ וּשְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז׃

(1) Now Naomi had a kinsman on her husband’s side, a man of substance, of the family of Elimelech, whose name was Boaz.

(א) וּבֹ֨עַז עָלָ֣ה הַשַּׁעַר֮ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שָׁם֒ וְהִנֵּ֨ה הַגֹּאֵ֤ל עֹבֵר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּר־בֹּ֔עַז וַיֹּ֛אמֶר ס֥וּרָה שְׁבָה־פֹּ֖ה פְּלֹנִ֣י אַלְמֹנִ֑י וַיָּ֖סַר וַיֵּשֵֽׁב׃ (ב) וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁבוּ־פֹ֑ה וַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ׃
(1) Meanwhile, Boaz had gone to the gate and sat down there. And now the redeemer whom Boaz had mentioned passed by. He called, “Come over and sit down here, So-and-so!” And he came over and sat down. (2) Then [Boaz] took ten elders of the town and said, “Be seated here”; and they sat down.
(יז) וַתִּקְרֶאנָה֩ ל֨וֹ הַשְּׁכֵנ֥וֹת שֵׁם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יֻלַּד־בֵּ֖ן לְנָעֳמִ֑י וַתִּקְרֶ֤אנָֽה שְׁמוֹ֙ עוֹבֵ֔ד ה֥וּא אֲבִי־יִשַׁ֖י אֲבִ֥י דָוִֽד׃ (פ)
(17) and the women neighbors gave him a name, saying, “A son is born to Naomi!” They named him Obed; he was the father of Jesse, father of David.
(ה) וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל יָשְׁב֖וּ בְּקֶ֣רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֑י הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י וְהַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ (ו) וַיִּקְח֨וּ אֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֤ם לָהֶם֙ לְנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נָתְנ֣וּ לִבְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ (פ)
(5) The Israelites settled among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites; (6) they took their daughters to wife and gave their own daughters to their sons, and they worshiped their gods.
(ד) וְהִנֵּה־בֹ֗עַז בָּ֚א מִבֵּ֣ית לֶ֔חֶם וַיֹּ֥אמֶר לַקּוֹצְרִ֖ים יְהוָ֣ה עִמָּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ ל֖וֹ יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָֽה׃
(4) Presently Boaz arrived from Bethlehem. He greeted the reapers, “The LORD be with you!” And they responded, “The LORD bless you!”

(כד) הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַבְּתוּלָ֜ה וּפִֽילַגְשֵׁ֗הוּ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אוֹתָם֙ וְעַנּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם וְלָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ דְּבַ֖ר הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ (כה) וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ בעלות [כַּעֲל֥וֹת] הַשָּֽׁחַר׃

(24) Look, here is my virgin daughter, and his concubine. Let me bring them out to you. Have your pleasure of them, do what you like with them; but don’t do that outrageous thing to this man.” (25) But the men would not listen to him, so the man seized his concubine and pushed her out to them. They raped her and abused her all night long until morning; and they let her go when dawn broke.

(ח) וַיֹּאמֶר֩ בֹּ֨עַז אֶל־ר֜וּת הֲל֧וֹא שָׁמַ֣עַתְּ בִּתִּ֗י אַל־תֵּלְכִי֙ לִלְקֹט֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה אַחֵ֔ר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א תַעֲבוּרִ֖י מִזֶּ֑ה וְכֹ֥ה תִדְבָּקִ֖ין עִם־נַעֲרֹתָֽי׃ (ט) עֵינַ֜יִךְ בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְצֹרוּן֙ וְהָלַ֣כְתִּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן הֲל֥וֹא צִוִּ֛יתִי אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֖ים לְבִלְתִּ֣י נָגְעֵ֑ךְ וְצָמִ֗ת וְהָלַכְתְּ֙ אֶל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים וְשָׁתִ֕ית מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר יִשְׁאֲב֖וּן הַנְּעָרִֽים׃

(8) Boaz said to Ruth, “Listen to me, daughter. Don’t go to glean in another field. Don’t go elsewhere, but stay here close to my girls. (9) Keep your eyes on the field they are reaping, and follow them. I have ordered the men not to molest you. And when you are thirsty, go to the jars and drink some of [the water] that the men have drawn.”
והנה תמצא, כי בשעה שברא השם יתברך את עולמו רמז הכתוב אלו ד' מלכויות: ר"ש ב"ל פתר קריא במלכיות, והארץ היתה תהו, זו מלכות בבל שנאמר (ירמיה, יד) ראיתי את הארץ והנה תהו. ובהו, זו מלכות מדי שנאמר (אסתר, ו) ויבהילו להביא את המן. וחשך, זו מלכות יון שהחשיכה עיניהן של ישראל בגזירותיהן, שהיתה אומרת להם, כתבו על קרן השור שאין לכם חלק באלהי ישראל. על פני תהום, זו מלכות הרשעה שאין לה חקר כמו התהום, מה התהום הזה אין לו חקר אף הרשעים כן. ורוח אלהים מרחפת, זה רוחו של מלך המשיח, היאך מד"א (ישעיה, יא) ונחה עליו רוח ה'. באיזו זכות ממשמשת ובאה, מרחפת על פני המים, בזכות התשובה שנמשלה כמים, שנאמר (איכה, ב) שפכי כמים לבך (בראשית רבה ב, ד). והנה תמצא כי בשעה שהשם יתברך ברא את עולמו סדר אלו ד' מלכיות, ואם כן יש לשאול, על מה זה ולמה זה סדר השם יתברך בעולמו שיהיו ד' מלכיות:
If you think deeply you will find, that when Hashem created his world, the Torah verse hides a secret hint to these four empires: [(Genesis: 1,2) "the earth being unformed and void, with darkness over the surface of the deep and a wind from God sweeping over the water—".] 'Reish Lakish explained the depth of the verse as reference to the exiles: "the earth being unformed"- this is a reference to the empire of Babylon, as it says in (Jeremiah, 14) "I saw the earth and it was unformed". "and void" - this is a reference to the empire of Persia, as it says in (Ester: 6,14): "and hurriedly [same root as 'void'] brought Haman". "with darkness" - this is reference to the empire of Greece, who darkened the eyes of Yisrael with their decrees. They would say to them, write upon the horn of an ox that they have no part in the God of Israel. "over the surface of the deep" - this is a reference to the evil empire, which is innumerable like the deep; just as the deep as no end, just so these evil people. "and a wind from God sweeping" - this is the wind of the King the Messiah, as it's written (Isiaih: 11,2) "The spirit [same root as 'wind'] of the Hashem". Through what merit will [Moshiach] be summoned and come? "sweeping over the waters" - in the merit of Teshuva, which is likened to water, as it says (Lamentations: 2,19) "Pour out your heart like water".(B'R: 2,4). If you think deeply you will find that when Hashem created his world he arrange these four empires! If so, we must ask, for what purpose and why would Hashem build into his world these four empires.
והנה תמצא, כי בשעה שברא השם יתברך את עולמו רמז הכתוב אלו ד' מלכויות: ר"ש ב"ל פתר קריא במלכיות, והארץ היתה תהו, זו מלכות בבל שנאמר (ירמיה, יד) ראיתי את הארץ והנה תהו. ובהו, זו מלכות מדי שנאמר (אסתר, ו) ויבהילו להביא את המן. וחשך, זו מלכות יון שהחשיכה עיניהן של ישראל בגזירותיהן, שהיתה אומרת להם, כתבו על קרן השור שאין לכם חלק באלהי ישראל. על פני תהום, זו מלכות הרשעה שאין לה חקר כמו התהום, מה התהום הזה אין לו חקר אף הרשעים כן. ורוח אלהים מרחפת, זה רוחו של מלך המשיח, היאך מד"א (ישעיה, יא) ונחה עליו רוח ה'. באיזו זכות ממשמשת ובאה, מרחפת על פני המים, בזכות התשובה שנמשלה כמים, שנאמר (איכה, ב) שפכי כמים לבך (בראשית רבה ב, ד). והנה תמצא כי בשעה שהשם יתברך ברא את עולמו סדר אלו ד' מלכיות, ואם כן יש לשאול, על מה זה ולמה זה סדר השם יתברך בעולמו שיהיו ד' מלכיות:
If you think deeply you will find, that when Hashem created his world, the Torah verse hides a secret hint to these four empires: [(Genesis: 1,2) "the earth being unformed and void, with darkness over the surface of the deep and a wind from God sweeping over the water—".] 'Reish Lakish explained the depth of the verse as reference to the exiles: "the earth being unformed"- this is a reference to the empire of Babylon, as it says in (Jeremiah, 14) "I saw the earth and it was unformed". "and void" - this is a reference to the empire of Persia, as it says in (Ester: 6,14): "and hurriedly [same root as 'void'] brought Haman". "with darkness" - this is reference to the empire of Greece, who darkened the eyes of Yisrael with their decrees. They would say to them, write upon the horn of an ox that they have no part in the God of Israel. "over the surface of the deep" - this is a reference to the evil empire, which is innumerable like the deep; just as the deep as no end, just so these evil people. "and a wind from God sweeping" - this is the wind of the King the Messiah, as it's written (Isiaih: 11,2) "The spirit [same root as 'wind'] of the Hashem". Through what merit will [Moshiach] be summoned and come? "sweeping over the waters" - in the merit of Teshuva, which is likened to water, as it says (Lamentations: 2,19) "Pour out your heart like water".(B'R: 2,4). If you think deeply you will find that when Hashem created his world he arrange these four empires! If so, we must ask, for what purpose and why would Hashem build into his world these four empires.