Met Mitvah in Moishe Moment - Parashat Emor

In our bi-weekly chevruta, Rabbi Brad and I studied the tragic end of Rabbi Akiva that appears in the Talmud (Berachot 61b). Rabbi Akiva had been teaching Torah against the orders of the Roman government. Caught by the authorities, he was subsequently sentenced to a painful death. At this very moment, it was the time of day to say Shema; he didn't let the Roman government affect his religious practice in the past, and he wasn't going to let them now. When his students expressed surprise that Rabbi Akvia was still praying, he told them:

אמר להם כל ימי הייתי מצטער על פסוק זה בכל נפשך אפילו נוטל את נשמתך אמרתי מתי יבא לידי ואקיימנו ועכשיו שבא לידי לא אקיימנו היה מאריך באחד עד שיצתה נשמתו באחד יצתה בת קול ואמרה אשריך רבי עקיבא שיצאה נשמתך באחד

All my days I have been troubled by the verse: With all your soul, meaning: Even if God takes your soul. I said to myself: When will the opportunity be afforded me to fulfill this verse? Now that it has been afforded me, shall I not fulfill it? He prolonged his uttering of the word: One, until his soul left his body as he uttered his final word: One. A voice descended from heaven and said: Happy are you, Rabbi Akiva, that your soul left your body as you uttered: One.

Rabbi Akiva understood that the line "With all your soul" from the Ve-ahavta means that one is to love God even when God takes your soul, i.e. you die. Without wishing death upon himself or valorizing death itself, he felt grateful to be able to fulfill a mitzvah that literally happens once in a lifetime, if we're lucky.

During my first year of rabbinical school, I had a similar opportunity to fulfill a mitzvah that I never thought I would be able to, indeed, most pious Jews haven't even chanced upon it. This mitzvah, the case of the Met Mitzvah, appears in Parashat Emor:

(א) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֱמֹ֥ר אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֑ן וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם לְנֶ֥פֶשׁ לֹֽא־יִטַּמָּ֖א בְּעַמָּֽיו׃ (ב) כִּ֚י אִם־לִשְׁאֵר֔וֹ הַקָּרֹ֖ב אֵלָ֑יו לְאִמּ֣וֹ וּלְאָבִ֔יו וְלִבְנ֥וֹ וּלְבִתּ֖וֹ וּלְאָחִֽיו׃ (ג) וְלַאֲחֹת֤וֹ הַבְּתוּלָה֙ הַקְּרוֹבָ֣ה אֵלָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הָיְתָ֖ה לְאִ֑ישׁ לָ֖הּ יִטַּמָּֽא׃

(1) The LORD said to Moses: Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them: None shall defile himself for any [dead] person among his kin, (2) except for the relatives that are closest to him: his mother, his father, his son, his daughter, and his brother; (3) also for a virgin sister, close to him because she has not married, for her he may defile himself.

In general, priests are not supposed to be in contact with corpses, which is why many people who are Cohens today will not go into a cemetery (there's an interesting discussion about Cohens as doctors as well!). There is an exception to this rule, however, which is brought in a powerful Midrash cited by the medieval Torah commentator par excellence, Rashi in his commentary to the first verse:

לא יטמא בעמיו. בְּעוֹד שֶׁהַמֵּת בְּתוֹךְ עַמָּיו, יָצָא מֵת מִצְוָה (שם):

"No priest shall defile himself for any [dead] person among his kin" — This means, as long as the dead is among his peoples (i.e. so long as there are some of his people who can occupy themselves with his burial) thus excluding the case of a Met Mitzvah (a corpse of a person whose relatives are unknown or which lies in a place where there are no Jews, nor are there any in the near vicinity; cf. Nazir 43b) in which case the priest is allowed to make himself unclean by handling the corpse ...(Sifra, Emor, Section 1 3).

In other words, when a person's corpse is "among" their fellows, the priests cannot engage with the body because of the laws of impurity. However, if the body is not "among" their fellows, that is, there is nobody else around to bury them, then the attending priest not only can - but must - see that this person has a dignified burial.

It was only the second or third month of my first year of school when I was told that my great-uncle died in New York. I had completely forgotten about him, to be honest. He had been institutionalized in rural New York since the Korean War, and already in the 60's, my family had moved from the east coast to Los Angeles, leaving him alone in various homes. A month before he died, his brother (my grandfather) died, too. Quite frankly, I hadn't thought about him in many, many years; I am not sure if anyone did.

My great-uncle was a Met Mitzvah, a person who died and had nobody to bury him. Literally. No one. And when bodies aren't "claimed," they are not treated well (an understatement). Now, I am not a Cohen, so I am able to be in the presence of the dead, but the obligation of Met Mitzvah applies to each and every Jew. So, I figured out where his own father - my great-grandfather - bought a burial plot for him many years ago (and learned about my family history throughout the process). With the help of friends and strangers - including a Moishe House resident and several community members - we got a minyan together to accompany him, to offer whatever words we had to celebrate him, to bury him, and to say kaddish for him.

How beautiful is our community! People miss work and school to attend to a funeral of a complete stranger. Jewish organizations whose mission is to help with burial costs. A tradition that takes care of us from cradle to grave. "All of Israel is responsible for one another."

We may have fallen short with my great-uncle in his life, but I thank God that I had the opportunity and obligation to fulfill this mitzvah in his death. In the words of Maimonides, the Rambam:

(ב) שְׂכַר הַלְּוָיָה מְרֻבֶּה מִן הַכּל. וְהוּא הַחֹק שֶׁחֲקָקוֹ אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ וְדֶרֶךְ הַחֶסֶד שֶׁנָּהַג בָּהּ. מַאֲכִיל עוֹבְרֵי דְּרָכִים וּמַשְׁקֶה אוֹתָן וּמְלַוֶּה אוֹתָן. וּגְדוֹלָה הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים מֵהַקְבָּלַת פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח ב) "וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים". וְלִוּוּיָם יוֹתֵר מֵהַכְנָסָתָן. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְלַוֶּה כְּאִלּוּ שׁוֹפֵךְ דָּמִים:

(2) The reward for accompanying [the dead] is greater than all others and it is a statute that Abraham our ancestor established and the way of the pious which he followed, feeding the travelers, and giving them drink and accompanying them. Hospitality to guests is a greater than receiving the divine presence (Face of the Shekhinah), as it is written, "He saw and behold there were three men (Genesis 18:3)." Accompanying [the dead] is greater than showing them hospitality. The sages say, " All who do not accompany [the dead], it is as if they have shed blood.