Six Sexes and a Little About the Social Construction of Gender Expression in Traditional Jewish Sources

And these are the signs of an aylonit: if she doesn't have breasts, and/or has difficulty during intercourse. Her lower abdomen isn't like a woman's. Her voice is rough and she can't be identified as male or female. ...

13. And these are the signs of a saris: He doesn't have a beard. His hair is weak. His flesh is smooth/hairless. His urine doesn't make foam. And when he urinates, it doesn't form an arch. And his semen is thin. And is urine doesn't ferment. And he washes in the rainy season without his flesh producing steam. And his voice is week and he can't be identified as male or female.

14. And such a saris is everywhere called a s'ris-hamah ("sun-saris"). But a male whose member or testicles were cut off or removed or crushed, as the idolaters do, is called a s'ris-adam (man[-made] saris). ...

One who has a male organ and a female organ is called an androgynus and there is uncertainty if they are male or female. And there is no sign that would ever determine that they were definitely male or female.

And whoever has neither maleness nor femaleness, but is closed up is called a tumtum and they are also of an uncertain category. But if a tumtum is opened [by surgery or an accident] and a male organ is found, they are a definite male. And if a female organ is found, they are a female. ...

The androgynus is [follows rules that are] in some ways like men, and in other ways like women and in some ways like men and women, and some ways like neither men nor women.

How are they similar to men? ... They dress (and cut their hair) like a man; marry others and are not married off, like a man; and are obliged to perform all the commandments in the Torah, like a man.

How are they similar to women? They cause impurity with red discharge like women; and they must not be secluded with men, like women; ...

And in what are they different from both men and women? ... They must not be sold as a Hebrew slave, unlike men or women. They cannot be assigned a value [for purposes of fulfilling a vow for the value of persons], unlike men or women. .... Rabbi Meir [other versions say Rabbi Yose] says: the androgynus is its own particular creation, and the sages could not decide conclusively whether they were a man or a woman. But this is not so with a tumtum , for sometimes they are a man and sometimes they are a woman.

(1) ... Said R’ Yirmiyah ben Elazar: In the hour when the Holy One created the first human, He created him [as] an androginos, as it is said, “created them male and female ”. ...

Rabbi Ami said: Abraham and Sarah were originally tumtums

(1) One who removes the hair of the armpit or pubic area, even with scissors in a similar manner to a razor (i.e. close to the skin) receives lashes of rebellion. About what were these words said? In a place where only women remove it, so that he should not improve himself as women do. In a place where men, too, do so, however, if he does so they do not beat him. (Rama: Even initially this is permitted (Ran in Avodah Zarah). Only exceptionally scrupulous people refrain in all places (ibid and in Beis Yosef in the name of the Nimukei Yosef). See above Siman 156.) It is permitted to remove the hair of other limbs with scissors in any place.

(5) A woman may not clothe herself in men's clothing, e.g. put on her head a mitre or helment, or wear armor, and so on (Rama: from that which men wear in accordance with the local custom (Tur)) or shave her head like a man. A man may not clothe himself in the clothes of a woman, e.g. wear colored clothing or golden ornaments in a place where only women wear those things. (Rama: Even wearing just one of the garments is forbidden, even if it is apparent by his other garments that this is a man or a woman (Beit Yosef).) A tumtum and an androgynos are forbidden to dress like women.)