Bikkur Cholim: The Jewish Imperative to Heal Through Presence Ruth and Lewis Davis Religious School

(כו) בְּעֶ֙צֶם֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה נִמּ֖וֹל אַבְרָהָ֑ם וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל בְּנֽוֹ׃ (כז) וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֤י בֵיתוֹ֙ יְלִ֣יד בָּ֔יִת וּמִקְנַת־כֶּ֖סֶף מֵאֵ֣ת בֶּן־נֵכָ֑ר נִמֹּ֖לוּ אִתּֽוֹ׃ (פ) (א) וַיֵּרָ֤א אֵלָיו֙ יי בְּאֵלֹנֵ֖י מַמְרֵ֑א וְה֛וּא יֹשֵׁ֥ב פֶּֽתַח־הָאֹ֖הֶל כְּחֹ֥ם הַיּֽוֹם׃

...(26) Thus Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised on that very day; (27) and all his household, his homeborn slaves and those that had been bought from outsiders, were circumcised with him. (1) The LORD appeared to him by the terebinths of Mamre; he was sitting at the entrance of the tent as the day grew hot...

What is Abraham recovering from?

Have you ever had surgery or known someone who has had surgery?

What did they share about their experience?

What helped them recover?

ואמר רבי חמא ברבי חנינא מאי דכתיב (דברים יג, ה) אחרי יי אלקיכם תלכו וכי אפשר לו לאדם להלך אחר שכינה והלא כבר נאמר (דברים ד, כד) כי יי אלקיך אש אוכלה הוא אלא להלך אחר מדותיו של הקב"ה מה הוא מלביש ערומים דכתיב (בראשית ג, כא) ויעש יי אלקים לאדם ולאשתו כתנות עור וילבישם אף אתה הלבש ערומים הקב"ה ביקר חולים דכתיב (בראשית יח, א) וירא אליו יי באלוני ממרא אף אתה בקר חולים הקב"ה ניחם אבלים דכתיב (בראשית כה, יא) ויהי אחרי מות אברהם ויברך אלקים את יצחק בנו אף אתה נחם אבלים הקב"ה קבר מתים דכתיב (דברים לד, ו) ויקבר אותו בגיא אף אתה קבור מתים

And Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says: What is the meaning of that which is written: “After the Lord your God shall you walk, and Him shall you fear, and His commandments shall you keep, and unto His voice shall you hearken, and Him shall you serve, and unto Him shall you cleave” (Deuteronomy 13:5)? But is it actually possible for a person to follow the Divine Presence? But hasn’t it already been stated: “For the Lord your God is a devouring fire, a jealous God” (Deuteronomy 4:24), and one cannot approach fire. He explains: Rather, the meaning is that one should follow the attributes of the Holy One, Blessed be He. He provides several examples. Just as He clothes the naked, as it is written...(Genesis 3:21), so too, should you clothe the naked. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, visits the sick, as it is written with regard to God’s appearing to Abraham following his circumcision: “And the Lord appeared unto him by the terebinths of Mamre” (Genesis 18:1), so too, should you visit the sick. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, consoles mourners, as it is written:...(Genesis 25:11), so too, should you console mourners. Just as the Holy One, Blessed be He, buried the dead, as it is written:...(Deuteronomy 34:6), so too, should you bury the dead.

מהרש"א על בבא מציעא ל' ע"ב

ילכו, זה ביקור חולים – כי יש מצוה ללכת ולבקר, אפילו אינו אומר לחולה שום דבר

Maharsha on Bava Metzia 30b

"They shall walk/go" - [they learn it from this part of the verse] because there is a mitzvah to go and visit, even if she doesn't say anything to the sick person.

According to this text, what does it mean to 'walk in God's ways'?

How can we 'walk in God's ways' to help the sick?

דתני רב יוסף (שמות יח, כ) והודעת להם זה בית חייהם את הדרך זו גמילות חסדים [(אשר) ילכו זה ביקור חולים בה זו קבורה ואת המעשה זה הדין אשר יעשון זו לפנים משורת הדין: אמר מר (אשר) ילכו זה ביקור חולים היינו גמילות חסדים לא נצרכה אלא לבן גילו דאמר מר בן גילו נוטל אחד מששים בחליו ואפי' הכי מבעי ליה למיזל לגביה

“And you shall teach them,” that is referring to the structure of their livelihood, i.e., teach the Jewish people trades so that they may earn a living; “the path,” that is referring to acts of kindness; “they shall walk,” that is referring to visiting the ill; “wherein,” that is referring to burial; “and the action,” that is referring to acting in accordance with the letter of the law; “that they must perform,” that is referring to acting beyond the letter of the law. The Gemara analyzes the baraita. The Master said: With regard to the phrase “they shall walk,” that is referring to visiting the ill.

The Gemara asks: That is a detail of acts of kindness; why does the baraita list it separately? The Gemara answers: The reference to visiting the ill is necessary only for the contemporary of the ill person, as the Master said: When one who is a contemporary of an ill person visits him, he takes one-sixtieth of his illness. Since visiting an ill contemporary involves contracting a bit of his illness, a special derivation is necessary to teach that even so, he is required to go and visit him.

A Comprehensive Care Team (Bottled in One Chaplain?)

Physical Needs

ערוך השולחן יורה דעה הלכות ביקור חולים סימן שלה סעיף ג

עיקר מצות ביקור חולים הוא לעיין בצרכי החולה ולעשות לו מה שצריך כדאיתא בנדרים [מ' א] מעשה בתלמיד אחד מתלמידי ר"ע... ומה יפו החברות בכמה ערים הנקראים חברה לינה שלנים אצל החולים כל הלילה לראות מה שהם צריכים דביום ע"פ רוב משמשים לו אנשי ביתו משא"כ בלילה דאנשי ביתו עמלים מעבודת היום ונשקעים בשינה באונס על כן גדול שכרם מאד מאד של חברי לינה...

Aruch Hashulchan, YD 335:3

The essential part of the commandment to visit the sick is to investigate the needs of the patient and to do whatever they require, as is stated in the Talmud (Nedarim 40a): regarding the student of Rabbi Akiva who became ill [and and none of the sages went to visit him until, finally, Rabbi Akiva went to visit him? Because they cleaned up and sprinkled the floor (to reduce dust) in front of him, the student became better]… And how beautiful it is that in many cities, groups of people – called “sleep groups” stay with sick people all night long and look after their needs. During the day, in general, most of the patients needs are met by relatives, but at night, as much as they wish to stay awake, the relatives are exhausted from working all day and caring for the patient…

Prayer

תורת האדם שער המיחוש

אמר רב שישא בריה דרב אידי לא לסעוד אינש קצירא לא בתלת שעי קמייתא ולא בתלת שעי בתרייתא דיומא...ושמעינן מהכא דבקור חולים כדי שיכבדו וירבצו לפניו ויעשו לו הצרכים הצריכים לחליו וימצא נחת רוח עם חבריו, ועוד כדי שיכוין דעתו לרחמים ויבקש עליו כדתניא (מ"ק יי א') וטמא טמא יקרא צריך להודיע צערו לרבים ורבים מבקשים עליו רחמים. הלכך המבקר את החולה ולא בקש עליו רחמים לא קיים המצוה.

Nachmonides, Torat HaAdam, Section on Pain

“Rav Shisha the son of Rav Idi said: one should not visit a sick person, not in the first three hours of the day nor in the last three hours of the day” …We learn from all of this that visiting the sick is done in order to clean up and sprinkle their floor and take care of whatever needs they may have, allow them to enjoy time with their friends, and also to focus on God’s mercy and pray for the sick person, as it says, “And he shall call out, Tamei, Tamei (impure impure)’ which teaches that the metzora (lepor) must inform the public of his misfortune so that they will beg on his behalf for mercy.” (Moed Katan 5a) Therefore, one who visits the sick and does not pray for mercy for them does not fulfill the mitzvah.

According to this text, what is another component to visiting the sick?

וירא אליו יי באלוני ממרא והוא יושב פתח האוהל כחום היום מאי כחום היום אמר רבי חמא בר' חנינא אותו היום יום שלישי של מילה של אברהם היה ובא הקב"ה לשאול באברהם הוציא הקב"ה חמה מנרתיקה כדי שלא יטריח אותו צדיק באורחים

“And the Lord appeared to him by the terebinths of Mamre, as he sat in the tent door in the heat of the day” (Genesis 18:1). The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of “the heat of the day”? Rabbi Ḥama, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, says: That day was the third day after Abraham’s circumcision, and the Holy One, Blessed be He, came to inquire about the well-being of Abraham. The Holy One, Blessed be He, removed the sun from its sheath in order not to bother that righteous one with guests, i.e., God made it extremely hot that day to allow Abraham to recover from his circumcision, as he would not be troubled by passing travelers whom he would invite into his tent.

The angels visited Abraham when he was sick.

What does this teach us about us if we visit the sick?