Rambam, Commentary on the Mishna, Tractate Avot Chapter 3:12
פירוש המשנה לרמב"ם מסכת אבות פרק ג, יב
אלא ראוי שתקבל בני האדם כולם, קטנם וגדולם, בן החורין מהם והעבד, כל איש ממין האדם, בשמחה ובטוב לבב. וזה יותר ממאמר שמאי בסבר פנים יפות
It is fitting to receive every person, lowly and grand, freed and slave, every member of the human race, with joy and happiness. This goes beyond what Shammai says (Avot 1:15): "[Receive all people] with a kindly countenance." [Translation by Uri L’Tzedek. Edited for gender neutrality]

Suggested Discussion Questions:

1. What was the original intent of Shammai’s statement? How does the Rambam expand it?

2. Why does the Rambam specify “lowly and grand, freed and slave”? What values does this reflect?

3. How can you improve the way you interact with people?

Time Period: Medieval (Geonim through the 16th Century)