(כב) וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ (כג) דַּבֵּ֤ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶל־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר כֹּ֥ה תְבָרֲכ֖וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אָמ֖וֹר לָהֶֽם׃ (ס)
(22) Adonai spoke to Moses: (23) Speak to Aaron and his sons: Thus shall you bless the people of Israel. Say to them:
Why does God dictate to the priests the exact formula they are to use in blessing the people?
Rabbi Shai Held
(א) יברכך ה' וישמרך. בביאור נוסח הברכות רבו הדעות איש לפי שכלו יפרשם
There are many opinions as to the meaning of the individual blessings, and everyone interprets then according to his own lights.
(כד) יְבָרֶכְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה וְיִשְׁמְרֶֽךָ׃ (ס)
(24) May Adonai bless you and protect you!
(1) יברכך, with material wealth. The reason this is the first of the blessing is explained by our sages in Avot 3,15 אם אין קמח אין תורה, “if there is no flour, (no economic base) a Torah environment cannot flourish.”
(1) "May God bless you." Included in this is whatever is appropriate for each person to be blessed with. As is written in Deuteronomy 16:16: "they shall not appear before Adonai empty...according to the blessing of Adonai thy God which God hath given thee." The blessing will be according to the blessing that he was blessed with until then: For one who deals in Torah, in his study. For one who deals in commerce, in his merchandise. Thus is included in this general blessing "May God bless you" an additional blessing for each person about what he has.
(25) May Adonai deal kindly and graciously with you!
(1) יאר ה' פניו אליך — i.e. May He show thee a friendly (more lit., smiling) countenance — a beaming countenance.
(2) ויחנך means, May He grant thee good favour (חן) (Sifrei Bamidbar 41).
(26) May Adonai bestow favor upon you and grant you peace!
(27) Thus they shall link My name with the people of Israel, and I will bless them.
Why does God emphasize after dictating the words that "I myself will bless them"?
Rabbi Shai Held
Closing Food for Thought
We know only too well that religion–and here, sadly, Judaism is no exception–can constrict our hearts and minds rather than expand them, can legitimate cruelty instead of kindness, and can turn God into an idol who hates precisely the sane people we do...When we pray for blessing, we also pray for protection, lest our blessings become destructive curses.
Rabbi Shai Held