Suffering, Love, and What Follows
וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ שְׁפֹ֣ט הַשֹּֽׁפְטִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י רָעָ֭ב בָּאָ֑רֶץ וַיֵּ֨לֶךְ אִ֝ישׁ מִבֵּ֧ית לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָ֗ה לָגוּר֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב ה֥וּא וְאִשְׁתּ֭וֹ וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנָֽיו: וְשֵׁ֣ם הָאִ֣ישׁ אֱלִימֶ֡לֶךְ וְשֵׁם אִשְׁתּ֨וֹ נָֽעֳמִ֝י וְשֵׁ֥ם שְׁנֵֽי־בָנָ֣יו | מַחְל֤וֹן וְכִלְיוֹן֨ אֶפְרָתִ֔ים מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֭חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ שְׂדֵֽי־מוֹאָ֭ב וַיִּֽהְיוּ־שָֽׁם: וַיָּ֥מָת אֱלִימֶ֭לֶךְ אִ֣ישׁ נָֽעֳמִ֑י וַתִּשָּׁאֵ֥ר הִ֭יא וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶֽיהָ: וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָרְפָּ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֭ית ר֑וּת וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֭ם כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים: וַיָּמֻ֥תוּ גַם־שְׁנֵיהֶ֭ם מַחְל֣וֹן וְכִלְי֑וֹן וַתִּשָּׁאֵר֙ הָֽאִשָּׁ֔ה מִשְּׁנֵ֥י יְלָדֶ֭יהָ וּמֵֽאִישָֽׁהּ: וַתָּ֤קָם הִיא֙ וְכַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ וַתָּ֭שָׁב מִשְּׂדֵ֣י מוֹאָ֑ב כִּ֤י שָֽׁמְעָה֙ בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה מוֹאָ֔ב כִּֽי־פָקַ֤ד יְהֹוָה֙ אֶת־עַמּ֔וֹ לָתֵ֥ת לָהֶ֭ם לָֽחֶם: וַתֵּצֵ֗א מִן־הַמָּקוֹם֨ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָֽיְתָה־שָּׁ֔מָּה וּשְׁתֵּ֥י כַלֹּתֶ֭יהָ עִמָּ֑הּ וַתֵּלַ֣כְנָה בַדֶּ֔רֶךְ לָשׁ֭וּב אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָֽה: וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָֽעֳמִי֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֭ה לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ יַ֣עַשׂ (יַ֣עַשׂה) יְהֹוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַמֵּתִ֭ים וְעִמָּדִֽי: יִתֵּ֤ן יְהֹוָה֙ לָכֶ֔ם וּמְצֶ֣א מְנוּחָ֔ה אִשָׁ֭ה בֵּ֣ית אִישָּׁ֑הּ וַתִּשַּׁ֣ק לָהֶ֔ן וַתִּשֶּׂ֥אנָה קוֹלָ֭ן וַתִּבְכֶּֽינָה: וַתֹּאמַ֭רְנָה־לָּ֑הּ כִּֽי־אִתָּ֥ךְ נָשׁ֭וּב לְעַמֵּֽךְ: וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָֽעֳמִי֨ שֹׁ֣בְנָה בְנֹתַ֔י לָ֥מָּה תֵלַ֭כְנָה עִמִּ֑י הַֽעוֹד־לִ֤י בָנִים֙ בְּמֵעַ֔י וְהָי֥וּ לָכֶ֭ם לַֽאֲנָשִֽׁים: שֹׁ֤בְנָה בְנֹתַי֙ לֵ֔כְ כִּ֥י זָקַ֭נְתִּי מִֽהְי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ כִּ֤י אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ יֶשׁ־לִ֣י תִקְוָ֔ה גַּ֣ם הָיִ֤יתִי הַלַּ֨יְלָה֙ לְאִ֔ישׁ וְגַ֭ם יָלַ֥דְתִּי בָנִֽים: הֲלָהֵ֣ן | תְּשַׂבֵּ֗רְנָה עַד אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִגְדָּ֔לוּ הֲלָהֵן֙ תֵּֽעָגֵ֔נָה לְבִלְתִּ֭י הֱי֣וֹת לְאִ֑ישׁ אַ֣ל בְּנֹתַ֗י כִּֽי־מַר־לִ֤י מְאֹד֙ מִכֶּ֔ם כִּי־יָֽצְאָ֥ה בִ֭י יַד־יְהֹוָֽה:
In the days when the chieftains ruled, there was a famine in the land; and a man of Bethlehem in Judah, with his wife and two sons, went to reside in the country of Moab. The man’s name was Elimelech, his wife’s name was Naomi, and his two sons were named Mahlon and Chilion—Ephrathites of Bethlehem in Judah. They came to the country of Moab and remained there. Elimelech, Naomi’s husband, died; and she was left with her two sons. They married Moabite women, one named Orpah and the other Ruth, and they lived there about ten years. Then those two—Mahlon and Chilion—also died; so the woman was left without her two sons and without her husband. She started out with her daughters-in-law to return from the country of Moab; for in the country of Moab she had heard that the LORD had taken note of His people and given them food. Accompanied by her two daughters-in-law, she left the place where she had been living; and they set out on the road back to the land of Judah. But Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Turn back, each of you to her mother’s house. May the LORD deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead and with me! May the LORD grant that each of you find security in the house of a husband!” And she kissed them farewell. They broke into weeping and said to her, “No, we will return with you to your people.” But Naomi replied, “Turn back, my daughters! Why should you go with me? Have I any more sons in my body who might be husbands for you? Turn back, my daughters, for I am too old to be married. Even if I thought there was hope for me, even if I were married tonight and I also bore sons, should you wait for them to grow up? Should you on their account debar yourselves from marriage? Oh no, my daughters! My lot is far more bitter than yours, for the hand of the LORD has struck out against me.”
וַיַּ֤עַן בֹּ֨עַז֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָ֔הּ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֝ד לִ֗י כֹּ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־עָשִׂית֙ אֶת־חֲמוֹתֵ֔ךְ אַֽחֲרֵ֭י מ֣וֹת אִישֵׁ֑ךְ וַתַּֽעַזְבִ֞י אָבִ֣יךְ וְאִמֵּ֗ךְ וְאֶ֨רֶץ֙ מֽוֹלַדְתֵּ֔ךְ וַתֵּ֣לְכִ֔י אֶל־עַ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֭עַתְּ תְּמ֥וֹל שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם:
Boaz said in reply, “I have been told of all that you did for your mother-in-law after the death of your husband, how you left your father and mother and the land of your birth and came to a people you had not known before.
וִיהִ֣י בְשָׁכְב֗וֹ וְיָדַ֨עַתְּ֙ אֶת־הַמָּקוֹם֨ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשְׁכַּב־שָׁ֔ם וּבָ֛את וְגִלִּ֥ית מַרְגְּלֹתָ֭יו וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּ (וְשָׁכָ֑בְתְּי) וְהוּא֙ יַגִּ֣יד לָ֔ךְ אֵ֭ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּֽעֲשִֽׂין: וַתֹּ֭אמֶר אֵלֶ֑יהָ כֹּ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּֽאמְרִ֥י אֵלַ֭י (אלי קרי ולא כתיב) אֶֽעֱשֶֽׂה: וַתֵּ֭רֶד הַגֹּ֑רֶן וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוַּ֭תָּה חֲמוֹתָֽהּ: וַיֹּ֨אכַל בֹּ֤עַז וַיֵּ֨שְׁתְּ֨ וַיִּיטַ֣ב לִבּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֕א לִשְׁכַּ֭ב בִּקְצֵ֣ה הָֽעֲרֵמָ֑ה וַתָּבֹ֣א בַלָּ֔ט וַתְּגַ֥ל מַרְגְּלֹתָ֭יו וַתִּשְׁכָּֽב: וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּֽחֲצִ֣י הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיֶּֽחֱרַ֥ד הָאִ֭ישׁ וַיִּלָּפֵ֑ת וְהִנֵּ֣ה אִשָּׁ֔ה שֹׁכֶ֭בֶת מַרְגְּלֹתָֽיו: וַיֹּ֭אמֶר מִי־אָ֑תְּ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אָֽנֹכִי֙ ר֣וּת אֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וּפָֽרַשְׂתָּ֤ כְנָפֶ֨ךָ֙ עַל־אֲמָ֣תְךָ֔ כִּ֥י גֹאֵ֭ל אָֽתָּה: וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּרוּכָ֨ה אַ֤תְּ לַֽיהֹוָה֙ בִּתִּ֔י הֵיטַ֛בְתְּ חַסְדֵּ֥ךְ הָאַֽחֲר֭וֹן מִן־הָֽרִאשׁ֑וֹן לְבִלְתִּי־לֶ֗כֶת אַֽחֲרֵי֙ הַבַּ֣חוּרִ֔ים אִם־דַּ֭ל וְאִם־עָשִֽׁיר: וְעַתָּ֗ה בִּתִּי֙ אַל־תִּ֣ירְאִ֔י כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־תֹּֽאמְרִ֭י אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י יוֹדֵ֨עַ֨ כָּל־שַׁ֣עַר עַמִּ֔י כִּ֛י אֵ֥שֶׁת חַ֭יִל אָֽתְּ:
When he lies down, note the place where he lies down, and go over and uncover his feet and lie down. He will tell you what you are to do.” She replied, “I will do everything you tell me.” She went down to the threshing floor and did just as her mother-in-law had instructed her. Boaz ate and drank, and in a cheerful mood went to lie down beside the grainpile. Then she went over stealthily and uncovered his feet and lay down. In the middle of the night, the man gave a start and pulled back—there was a woman lying at his feet! “Who are you?” he asked. And she replied, “I am your handmaid Ruth. Spread your robe over your handmaid, for you are a redeeming kinsman.” He exclaimed, “Be blessed of the LORD, daughter! Your latest deed of loyalty is greater than the first, in that you have not turned to younger men, whether poor or rich. And now, daughter, have no fear. I will do in your behalf whatever you ask, for all the elders of my town know what a fine woman you are.
וַיֹּ֩אמֶר בֹּ֨עַז לַזְּקֵנִ֝ים וְכָל־הָעָ֗ם עֵדִ֤ים אַתֶּם֙ הַיּ֔וֹם כִּ֤י קָנִ֨יתִי֨ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֶֽאֱלִימֶ֔לֶךְ וְאֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְכִלְי֭וֹן וּמַחְל֑וֹן מִיַּ֭ד נָֽעֳמִֽי: וְגַ֣ם אֶת־ר֣וּת הַמֹּֽאֲבִיָּה֩ אֵ֨שֶׁת מַחְל֝וֹן קָנִ֧יתִי לִ֣י לְאִשָּׁ֗ה לְהָקִ֤ים שֵֽׁם־הַמֵּת֨ עַל־נַ֣חֲלָת֔וֹ וְלֹֽא־יִכָּרֵ֧ת שֵֽׁם־הַמֵּ֛ת מֵעִ֥ם אֶחָ֭יו וּמִשַּׁ֣עַר מְקוֹמ֑וֹ עֵדִ֥ים אַתֶּ֭ם הַיּֽוֹם: וַיֹּ֨אמְר֝וּ כָּל־הָעָ֧ם אֲשֶׁר־בַּשַּׁ֛עַר וְהַזְּקֵנִ֭ים עֵדִ֑ים יִתֵּן יְהֹוָ֨ה אֶֽת־הָאִשָּׁ֝ה הַבָּאָ֣ה אֶל־בֵּיתֶ֗ךָ כְּרָחֵ֤ל | וּכְלֵאָה֨ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּנ֤וּ שְׁתֵּיהֶם֨ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽעֲשֵׂה־חַ֣יִל בְּאֶפְרָ֔תָה וּקְרָא־שֵׁ֭ם בְּבֵ֥ית לָֽחֶם: וִיהִ֤י בֵֽיתְךָ֙ כְּבֵ֣ית פֶּ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יָֽלְדָ֥ה תָמָ֭ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה מִן־הַזֶּ֗רַע אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִתֵּ֤ן יְהוָֹה֙ לְךָ֔ מִן־הַֽנַּֽעֲרָ֭ה הַזֹּֽאת: וַיִּקַּ֨ח בֹּ֤עַז אֶת־רוּת֨ וַתְּהִי־ל֣וֹ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֭א אֵלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּתֵּ֨ן יְהֹוָ֥ה לָ֛הּ הֵֽרָי֭וֹן וַתֵּ֥לֶד בֵּֽן: וַתֹּאמַ֤רְנָה הַנָּשִׁים֙ אֶֽל־נָֽעֳמִ֔י בָּר֣וּךְ יְהֹוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֠ר לֹ֣א הִשְׁבִּ֥ית לָ֛ךְ גֹּאֵ֭ל הַיּ֑וֹם וְיִקָּרֵ֥א שְׁמ֭וֹ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל: וְהָ֤יָה לָךְ֙ לְמֵשִׁ֣יב נֶ֔פֶשׁ וּלְכַלְכֵּ֭ל אֶת־שֵֽׂיבָתֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י כַלָּתֵ֤ךְ אֲשֶׁר־אֲהֵבָ֨תֶךְ֙ יְלָדַ֔תּוּ אֲשֶׁר־הִיא֙ ט֣וֹבָה לָ֔ךְ מִשִּׁבְעָ֭ה בָּנִֽים:
And Boaz said to the elders and to the rest of the people, “You are witnesses today that I am acquiring from Naomi all that belonged to Elimelech and all that belonged to Chilion and Mahlon. I am also acquiring Ruth the Moabite, the wife of Mahlon, as my wife, so as to perpetuate the name of the deceased upon his estate, that the name of the deceased may not disappear from among his kinsmen and from the gate of his home town. You are witnesses today.” All the people at the gate and the elders answered, “We are. May the LORD make the woman who is coming into your house like Rachel and Leah, both of whom built up the House of Israel! Prosper in Ephrathah and perpetuate your name in Bethlehem! And may your house be like the house of Perez whom Tamar bore to Judah—through the offspring which the LORD will give you by this young woman.” So Boaz married Ruth; she became his wife, and he cohabited with her. The LORD let her conceive, and she bore a son. And the women said to Naomi, “Blessed be the LORD, who has not withheld a redeemer from you today! May his name be perpetuated in Israel! He will renew your life and sustain your old age; for he is born of your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is better to you than seven sons.”

Grace Paley, "The Immigrant Story," from Enormous Changes at the Last Minute (FSG, 1974) and collected in The Collected Stories (FSG, 1994).


'The Immigrant Story,' which took me about twenty-five years to write, was a very simple story, but I couldn't think of how to tell it. Then twenty years after I started it, I found this one page and realized it was going to be the story. That's the only way you get it sometimes. Grace Paley