Yeshivat Ha'aretz - Bnei Akiva of Chicago 6th grade

Does Eretz Yisrael belong to us?

Brit Bein Habitarim

(ח) וְנָתַתִּ֣י לְ֠ךָ וּלְזַרְעֲךָ֨ אַחֲרֶ֜יךָ אֵ֣ת׀ אֶ֣רֶץ מְגֻרֶ֗יךָ אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן לַאֲחֻזַּ֖ת עוֹלָ֑ם וְהָיִ֥יתִי לָהֶ֖ם לֵאלֹקִֽים׃

(8) And I will give to you, and to your offspring after you, the land of your sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession; and I will be their God.’

(ג) וְשָׁב ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ אֶת שְׁבוּתְךָ וְרִחֲמֶךָ וְשָׁב וְקִבֶּצְךָ מִכָּל הָעַמִּים אֲשֶׁר הֱפִיצְךָ ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ שָׁמָּה. (ד) אִם יִהְיֶה נִדַּחֲךָ בִּקְצֵה הַשָּׁמָיִם מִשָּׁם יְקַבֶּצְךָ ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ וּמִשָּׁם יִקָּחֶךָ. (ה) וֶהֱבִיאֲךָ ה' אֱלֹקֶיךָ אֶל הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר יָרְשׁוּ אֲבֹתֶיךָ וִירִשְׁתָּהּ וְהֵיטִבְךָ וְהִרְבְּךָ מֵאֲבֹתֶיךָ.

3. then, the Lord, your God, will bring back your exiles, and He will have mercy upon you. He will once again gather you from all the nations, where the Lord, your God, had dispersed you.4. Even if your exiles are at the end of the heavens, the Lord, your God, will gather you from there, and He will take you from there. 5. And the Lord, your God, will bring you to the land which your forefathers possessed, and you [too] will take possession of it, and He will do good to you, and He will make you more numerous than your forefathers.

(לא) כִּי אַתֶּם עֹבְרִים אֶת הַיַּרְדֵּן לָבֹא לָרֶשֶׁת אֶת הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר ה' אֱלֹקֵיכֶם נֹתֵן לָכֶם וִירִשְׁתֶּם אֹתָהּ וִישַׁבְתֶּם בָּהּ. (לב) וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם לַעֲשׂוֹת אֵת כָּל הַחֻקִּים וְאֶת הַמִּשְׁפָּטִים אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי נֹתֵן לִפְנֵיכֶם הַיּוֹם.

31. For you are crossing the Jordan, to come to possess the land which the Lord, your God, is giving you, and you shall possess it and dwell in it.32. And you shall keep to perform all the statutes and ordinances that I am setting before you today.

אמר רבי לוי בשעה שהיה אברהם מהלך בארם נהרים ובארם נחור ראה אותן אוכלים ושותים ופוחזים אמר הלואי לא יהא לי חלק בארץ הזאת וכיון שהגיע לסולמה של צור ראה אותן עסוקין בניכוש בשעת הניכוש בעידור בשעת העידור אמר הלואי יהא חלקי בארץ הזאת אמר לו הקב"ה (שם, ז) "לזרעך אתן את הארץ הזאת":

Rabbi Levi said: When Abram was travelling through Aram Naharaim and Aram Nahor, saw its inhabitants eating and drinking and reveling. “May my portion not be in this country,” he exclaimed. But when he reached the promontory of Tyre and saw them engaged in weeding and hoeing at the proper season, “Would that my portion be in this country!” Said the Holy One to him, “I will assign this land to your offspring.”

The Torah stresses an importance to the land and the Jewish connection to it. In the Brit Avraham makes with Hashem notice that Hashem promises the land to Avraham's offspring forever. Rashi emphasizes that Bereishit is an essential book on the Torah so that Jews can point out out right to the land.

Is Yesivat Ha'Artez (settling the land) a mitzvah?

Meaning, are we commanded to live in Eretz Yisrael?

ספר המצוות רמב"ן – עשה ד' – ליישב את ארץ ישראל

.היא מצות עשה לדורות, מתחייב כל יחיד ממנו, ואפילו בזמן גלות, כידוע בתלמוד במקומות הרבה...

"...Settling the Land of Israel is a positive commandment for all the generations, every individual is obligated to do it, even in the time of exile, as it's written in the gemara in many places."

אמר רב ששת לומר שכותבין עליו אונו ואפילו בשבת בשבת ס"ד כדאמר רבא אומר לעובד כוכבים ועושה ה"נ אומר לעובד כוכבים ועושה ואע"ג דאמירה לעובד כוכבים ישבות משום ישוב א"י לא גזור רבנן:

Rav Sheishes- One may write the deed of sale on Shabbos. That cannot be! One tells a non-Jew to write the deed on Shabbos. Even though mid'Rabanan, one may not ask a non-Jew to perform labors on Shabbos, here it was permitted for the sake of settling Eretz Yisrael.

Tha Ramban is incredibly clear what he thinks of ארץ ישראל. He considers Aliya an obligation for everybody in all generations. Mesechet Shabbat adds that even on Shabbat people are allowed to buy land in Israel. The Sifri adds that living is Israel is so essential that it's greater than all the mitzvot combined.

Chutz La'Aretz vs. Eretz Yisrael + So what is so special about Eretz Yisrael? Why are we commanded to live there?

(ב) ישרה אדם בארץ ישראל אפילו בעיר שרובה עובדי כוכבים ולא בחו"ל אפי' בעיר שכולה ישראל מלמד שישיבת ארץ ישראל שקולה כנגד כל מצות שבתורה.

"It's better for a person to live in Israel in a city inhabited mostly by idol worshippers/non-Jews, rather than outside the Land in a city that is completely Jewish. It's taught that living in Israel is equal to all the mitzvot of the Torah."

ת"ר לעולם ידור אדם בא"י אפי' בעיר שרובה עובדי כוכבים ואל ידור בחו"ל ואפילו בעיר שרובה ישראל שכל הדר בארץ ישראל דומה כמי שיש לו אלוק וכל הדר בחוצה לארץ דומה כמי שאין לו אלוק שנא' (ויקרא כה, לח) לתת לכם את ארץ כנען להיות לכם לאלהים
§ In relation to the basic point raised by the mishna concerning living in Eretz Yisrael, the Sages taught: A person should always reside in Eretz Yisrael, even in a city that is mostly populated by gentiles, and he should not reside outside of Eretz Yisrael, even in a city that is mostly populated by Jews. The reason is that anyone who resides in Eretz Yisrael is considered as one who has a God, and anyone who resides outside of Eretz Yisrael is considered as one who does not have a God. As it is stated: “To give to you the land of Canaan, to be your God” (Leviticus 25:38).
ורוח להולכים בה א"ר ירמיה בר אבא א"ר יוחנן כל המהלך ארבע אמות בארץ ישראל מובטח לו שהוא בן העולם הבא
With regard to the aforementioned verse “And spirit to they who walk there” (Isaiah 42:5), Rabbi Yirmeya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Anyone who walks four cubits in Eretz Yisrael is assured of a place in the World-to-Come.

ר"ש בן יוחאי אומר אלימלך מחלון וכליון גדולי הדור היו ופרנסי הדור היו ומפני מה נענשו מפני שיצאו מארץ לחוצה לארץ שנאמר (רות א, יט) ותהם כל העיר עליהן ותאמרנה הזאת נעמי.

Elimelech, Machlon, and Kilion were the greatest men of their generation - leaders of the generation... Why were they punished? Because they left Eretz Israel.

Said the Holy One blessed be He: I only gave them Eretz Israel for them to study the Oral and Written Law and busy themselves with Torah, each subject at its appropriate season and learn good conduct and manners.

Tanna debe Eliyahu Rabba 11

Rabbi Yehudah HaLevi - the Jewish people as individuals and as a nation can only fulfil their true Divine potential and merit Divine Providence from God whilst they dwell in the Land. (Kuzari 2:12.2, 2:14.11)

אמר רבי זירא שמע מינה אוירא דארץ ישראל מחכים.

Rabbi Zeira- We learn that the air in Eretz Yisrael makes people wise.

Three main reasons as to why Eretz Yisrael is special:

- Eretz Yisrael is spiritually higher then chutz la'aretz (Malbim on Exodus 6:4 and many others)

- Only in Eretz Yisrael can one fulfill all the mitzvot (Sotah 14a and many others)

- Eretz Yisrael is special because Hashem gave it to us as a national homeland (The Kuzari and others)