אֵלֶּה פְקוּדֵי הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְגוֹ', וּנְחֹשֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָה (שמות לח, כט) וּנְחֹשֶׁת הַכַּלּוֹת, שֶׁכֵּן בִּלְשׁוֹן יָוָן קוֹרִין לַכַּלָה נִינְפֵי. אַתָּה מוֹצֵא, בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁהָיוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בַּעֲבוֹדַת פֶּרֶךְ בְּמִצְרַיִם, גָּזַר עֲלֵיהֶם פַּרְעֹה שֶׁלֹּא יְהִיוּ יְשֵׁנִים בְּבָתֵּיהֶן, שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיוּ מְשַׁמְּשִׁין מִטּוֹתֵיהֶן. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּר חֲלַפְתָּא, מֶה הָיוּ בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹשׂוֹת. יוֹרְדוֹת לִשְׁאֹב מַיִם מִן הַיְאוֹר, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא הָיָה מַזְמִין לָהֶם דָּגִים קְטַנִּים בְּתוֹךְ כַּדֵּיהֶן, וְהֵן מוֹכְרוֹת וּמְבַשְּׁלוֹת מֵהֵן וְלוֹקְחוֹת מֵהֶן יַיִן וְהוֹלְכוֹת לַשָּׂדֶה וּמַאֲכִילוֹת אֶת בַעְלֵיהֶן שָׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וּבְכָל עֲבֹדָה בַּשָּׂדֶה (שמות א, יד). מִשֶּׁהָיוּ אוֹכְלִין וְשׁוֹתִין, נוֹטְלוֹת הַמַּרְאוֹת וּמַבִּיטוֹת בָּהֶן עִם בַּעְלֵיהֶן, זֹאת אוֹמֶרֶת אֲנִי נָאָה מִמְּךָ, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אֲנִי נָאֶה מִמֵּךְ, וּמִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ הָיוּ מַרְגִּילִין עַצְמָן לִידֵי תַאֲוָה וּפָרִין וְרָבִין, וְהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא פּוֹקְדָן לְאַלְתָּר. These are the accounts of the tabernacle … and the bronze of the offering (Exod. 38:21, 29). The bronze of the offering (tenufah) refers to the bronze vessels given to a bride, for in Greek they call a bride nymphé.14A play on words: tenufah (“offering”) and nymphé, a Greek bride. You find that while the Israelites were making bricks in Egypt, Pharaoh decreed that they were not to sleep at home so that they would not have intercourse with their wives. R. Simeon the son of Halafta said: What did the Israelite women do? They would go to the Nile to draw water, and the Holy One, blessed be He, would fill their jugs with little fishes.15Small fishes arouse sexual desire (Berakhot 40a). They would (sell some), cook and prepare (the fish), and buy some wine (with the proceeds of the sale), and then bring it to their husbands in the fields, as it is said: In all manner of service in the field (Exod. 1:14). While the men were eating and drinking, the women would take out their mirrors and glance into them with their husbands. They would say: “I am more attractive than you,” and the men would reply: “I am handsomer than you.” In that way they would arose their sexual desires and become fruitful and multiply. The Holy One, blessed be He, caused them to conceive on the spot.
רַבּוֹתֵינוּ אוֹמְרִין, יֵשׁ מֵהֶן יוֹלְדוֹת שְׁנַיִם בְּבַת אֶחָת. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: שִׁשָּׁה בְּכֶרֶס אֶחָד, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר בְּכֶרֶס אֶחָד, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא. מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שְׁנַיִם, דּוֹרֵשׁ פָּרוּ וַיִּשְׁרְצוּ (שמות א, ז). מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שִׁשָּׁה פָּרוּ וַיִּשְׁרְצוּ וַיִּרְבּוּ וַיַּעַצְמוּ בִּמְאֹד מְאֹד הֲרֵי שִׁשָּׁה. מִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר, פָּרוּ שְׁנַיִם, וַיִּשְׁרְצוּ שְׁנַיִם כוּ', הֲרֵי שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר. וּמִי שֶׁאוֹמֵר שִׁשִּׁים רִבּוֹא, שֶׁכָּתוּב בַּדָּגִים יִשְׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם (בראשית א, כ), וְכָאן כָּתוּב וַיִּשְׁרְצוּ. וְכָל הַמִּנְיָן הָאֵלּוּ, מִן הַמַּרְאוֹת, Our sages said: They bore twins. Others say: Six were formed in a single womb. Others say: twelve were born from one womb. And still other contend six hudred thousand. Those who believed that twins were born explained it by the words: Were fruitful and increased abundantly (Exod. 1:7). Those who contended that six were born based it on the words: Were fruitful and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceedingly mighty (ibid.), that is, six. Those who say that twelve were born argue that the words in this verse are in plural form, thus making twelve in all. Those who said six hundred thousand did so because it is written about fishes: Let the waters swarm abundantly (Gen. 1:20), and here it is written: Increased abundantly.
וְכָתוּב בָּהֶן וַתִּמָּלֵא הָאָרֶץ אֹתָם (שמות א, ז). וְכַאֲשֶׁר יְעַנּוּ אֹתוֹ כֵּן יִרְבֶּה וְכֵן יִפְרֹץ (שמות א, יב). בִּזְכוּת אוֹתָן הַמַּרְאוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ מַרְאוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן וּמַרְגִּילוֹת אוֹתָן לִידֵי תַאֲוָה מִתּוֹךְ הַפֶּרֶךְ, הֶעֱמִידוּ כָּל הַצְּבָאוֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: יָצְאוּ כָּל צִבְאוֹת ה' מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם (שמות יב, מא). וְאוֹמֵר: הוֹצִיא ה' אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם עַל צִבְאֹתָם. It is also written concerning them: And the land was filled with them (Exod. 1:7). That is to say, that even while they were suffering hardship, they increased and multiplied, by means of the mirrors in which they preened themselves before their husbands. They aroused their sexual desires despite the arduous labors they performed. They reared all the hosts that were to depart, as it is said: All the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt (ibid. 12:41), and also: The Lord did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their hosts (ibid.,v. 51).
כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, עָמְדוּ כָּל יִשְׂרָאֵל וְנִתְנַדְּבוּ, מִי שֶׁהֵבִיא כֶסֶף וּמִי שֶׁהֵבִיא זָהָב אוֹ נְחֹשֶׁת וְאַבְנֵי שֹׁהַם וְאַבְנֵי מִלּוּאִים, הֵבִיאוּ בִּזְרִיזוּת הַכֹּל. אָמְרוּ הַנָּשִׁים, מַה יֵּשׁ לָנוּ לִתֵּן בְּנִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן. עָמְדוּ וְהֵבִיאוּ אֶת הַמַּרְאוֹת וְהָלְכוּ לָהֶן אֵצֶל מֹשֶׁה. כְּשֶׁרָאָה מֹשֶׁה אוֹתָן הַמַּרְאוֹת, זָעַף בָּהֶן. אָמַר לָהֶם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, טְלוּ מַקְלוֹת וְשַׁבְּרוּ שׁוֹקֵיהֶן שֶׁל אֵלּוּ. הַמַּרְאוֹת לְמָה הֵן צְרִיכִין. אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה, מֹשֶׁה, עַל אֵלּוּ אַתָּה מְבַזֶּה. הַמַּרְאוֹת הָאֵלּוּ הֵן הֶעֱמִידוּ כָּל הַצְּבָאוֹת הַלָּלוּ בְּמִצְרָיִם. טֹל מֵהֶן וַעֲשֵׂה מֵהֶן כִּיּוֹר נְחֹשֶׁת וְכַנּוֹ לַכֹּהֲנִים, שֶׁמִּמֶּנּוּ יִהְיוּ מִתְקַדְּשִׁין הַכֹּהֲנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיַּעַשׂ אֵת הַכִּיּוֹר נְחֹשֶׁת וְאֵת כַּנּוֹ נְחֹשֶׁת בְּמַרְאֹת הַצֹּבְאֹת אֲשֶׁר צָבְאוּ (שמות לח, ח), בְּאוֹתָן הַמַּרְאוֹת שֶׁהֶעֱמִידוּ אֶת כָּל הַצְּבָאוֹת הָאֵלֶּה. לְפִיכָךְ כְּתִיב: וּנְחֹשֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָה שִׁבְעִים כִּכָּר, נְחֹשֶׁת הַכַּלּוֹת. When the Holy One, blessed be He, told Moses to build the Tabernacle, all the Israelites brought their contributions. Some brought silver, others brought gold or copper or onyx stones or unset stones. They brought everything eagerly. The women asked themselves: What contribution can we make to the Sanctuary? They arose, took their mirrors, and brought them to Moses. When Moses saw them he became angry with them. He said to the Israelites: Take your canes and beat them on their shoulders. What purpose do these mirrors serve? The Holy One, blessed be He, called out to Moses: Moses, do you mistreat them because of these? These very mirrors produced the hosts in Egypt. Take them and make a basin of brass and its base for the priests, that they may sanctify the priests from it, as it is said: And he made the laver of brass, and base thereof of brass, of the mirrors of the serving women that did service (ibid. 38:8), for they had produced all the hosts. Therefore it is written: And the brass of the offering was seventy talents (ibid., v. 29), that is, the offering of the wives amounted to seventy talents.
אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא, בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה נִתְנַדַּבְתֶּם לַמִּשְׁכָּן, שֶׁהָיָה מִתְכַּפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם. וְלֶעָתִיד לָבֹא אֲנִי אֲכַפֵּר עֲלֵיכֶם וְאֹהַב אֶתְכֶם נְדָבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אֶרְפָּא מְשׁוּבָתָם אֹהֲבֵם נְדָבָה (הושע יד, ה). אָמְרוּ, אֵין לָנוּ לֹא מִשְׁכָּן לֹא מִקְדָּשׁ, תְּהֵא לְפָנֶיךָ תְּפִלַּת פִּינוּ כְּנִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן. אָמַר דָּוִד, נִדְבוֹת פִּי רְצֵה נָא ה' (תהלים קיט, קח). The Holy One, blessed be He, said: In this world you shall offer gifts to the Temple that it might atone for you, but in the future I shall atone for you and love you freely, as it is said: I will heal their backsliding, I will love them freely (Hos. 14:5). They replied: When we have neither Tabernacle nor Temple, let the prayers of our lips be our offerings. David exclaimed: Accept, I beseech thee, the free-will offering of my mouth, O Lord (Ps. 119:108).