TRANSLITERATION RULES
TRANSLITERATION OF SEMITIC WORDS
The transliteration rules of Semitic words in this dictionary follow that of Hebrew and Arabic given below. The accent in Semitic words (with the exception of the languages, for which the laws of accentuation are not known), is indicated by the usual accent mark placed over the vowel of the accented syllable.
TRANSLITERATION OF HEBREW
VOWEL SIGNS USED WITH HEBREW CHARACTERS
A point in the middle of a consonant, called dâgh ḗsh ḥ âzâ ìq ( daghesh forte, ‘strong daghesh’), strengthens (i.e. doubles) the consonant. It is marked by the doubling of the respective consonant.
The sign dâgh ḗsh qal ( daghesh lene = ‘light daghesh’), which is formally identical with the sign of the dâgh ḗ sh hâzâ ìq, is used with the letters ת, פ, כ, ד, ג, ב, to indicate their original hard pronunciation. In this Dictionary תּ, פּ, כּ, דּ, גּ, בּ, are transliterated b, g, d, k, p, t, whereas ת, פ, כ, ד, ג, ב, are rendered by bh, gh, dh, kh, ph, th.
TRANSLITERATION OF ARABIC
VOWEL SIGNS USED WITH ARABIC CHARACTERS
ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS
ς hámza h. (sign of the glottal stop)
ω tashdî ìd. It marks the doubling of a consonant. It is disregarded in the case of a ى after an i. The assimilation of the ل (in the def. art. ال) to the so-called solar letters is not taken into consideration (as e.g. in aldea, Aldebaran, Altair), unless this assimilation appears also in the European (in most cases Spanish or Portuguese) loan word itself (as in arrope, atalaya).
TRANSLITERATION OF GREEK