Targum

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Aramaic Targum

Targumim on the books of Writings, ranging in style and date of composition.

Onkelos

Primary Targum on the Torah accepted in the Talmud as authoritative; read publicly in synagogues in talmudic times and still today by Yemenite Jews.

Tafsir Rasag

Rav Saadia Gaon’s influential 10th-century translation of the Torah into Arabic using Hebrew characters.
Tafsir Rasag
Rav Saadia Gaon’s influential 10th-century translation of the Torah into Arabic using Hebrew characters.

Targum Jerusalem

Pieces of Targum on scattered phrases throughout the Torah.

Targum Jonathan

Primary Targum on the books of the Prophets, read publicly in synagogues in talmudic times and still today by Yemenite Jews.

Targum Neofiti

Targum on the Torah that incorporates expansions on biblical text, compiled in Israel.
Targum Neofiti
Targum on the Torah that incorporates expansions on biblical text, compiled in Israel.

About Targum

Targum (“translation”) is the name of a category of texts that translate the Tanakh into Aramaic, originally transmitted orally and committed to writing between the first and the sixth centuries CE.

Visualizations

Explore interconnections among texts with our interactive visualizations.
visualization iconTanakh & Talmud
visualization iconTanakh & Midrash Rabbah
visualization iconTanakh & Mishneh Torah
visualization iconTanakh & Shulchan Arukh
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