Amalek. It's a biblical tale of destruction that has been invoked by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and featured in a drill hip-hop song that's garnered millions of streams. Most recently though, the story of Amalek — and Mr Netanyahu's invocation of it — featured in South Africa's case against Israel at the United Nations' International Court of Justice (ICJ). (ABC News)
(19) Therefore, when your God grants you safety from all your enemies around you, in the land that your God is giving you as a hereditary portion, you shall blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!
(ב) בראשית ברא אֵין הַמִּקְרָא הַזֶּה אוֹמֵר אֶלָּא דָּרְשֵׁנִי, כְּמוֹ שֶׁדְּרָשׁוּהוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בִּשְׁבִיל הַתּוֹרָה שֶׁנִקְרֵאת רֵאשִׁית דַּרְכּוֹ (משלי ח'), וּבִשְׁבִיל יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִקְרְאוּ רֵאשִׁית תְּבוּאָתוֹ (ירמיה ב')
(2) בראשית ברא IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED — This verse calls aloud for explanation in the manner that our Rabbis explained it: God created the world for the sake of the Torah which is called (Proverbs 8:22) “The beginning (ראשית) of His (God’s) way”, and for the sake of Israel who are called (Jeremiah 2:3) “The beginning (ראשית) of His (God’s) increase’’.
(כ) וַיַּרְא֙ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֔ק וַיִּשָּׂ֥א מְשָׁל֖וֹ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר רֵאשִׁ֤ית גּוֹיִם֙ עֲמָלֵ֔ק וְאַחֲרִית֖וֹ עֲדֵ֥י אֹבֵֽד׃
(20) He saw Amalek and, taking up his theme, he said: A leading nation is Amalek; but its fate is to perish forever.
(א) ותמנע היתה פילגש. לְהוֹדִיעַ גְּדֻלָּתוֹ שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם, כַּמָּה הָיוּ תְאֵבִים לִדַּבֵּק בְּזַרְעוֹ. תִּמְנַע זוֹ בַּת אַלּוּפִים הָיְתָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר וַאֲחוֹת לוֹטָן תִּמְנָע, וְלוֹטָן מֵאַלּוּפֵי יוֹשְׁבֵי שֵׂעִיר הָיָה מִן הַחוֹרִים שֶׁיָּשְׁבוּ בָהּ לְפָנִים, אָמְרָה אֵינִי זוֹכָה לְהִנָּשֵׂא לְךָ, הַלְוַאי וְאֶהְיֶה פִּילֶגֶשׁ.
(1) ותמנע היתה פילגש AND TIMNA WAS CONCUBINE — This is stated to tell you in what importance Abraham was held — how eager people were to attach themselves to his descendants. This Timna was a descendant of chieftains, as it is said (v. 22) “And Lotan’s sister was Timna”, and Lotan was one of the chieftains inhabiting Seir — he was one of the Horites who had dwelt there from ancient times. She said to Eliphaz, “If I am unworthy to become your wife would that I might become your concubine!”
שם משמואל (האדמו"ר ר' שמואל בורנשטיין מסוכטשוב) תצוה י'
...ועמלק שהוא תכלית הרע הרי הוא היפוך כל התורה כולה...אבל פנימית רע...
Shem Mishmuel (Rabbi Shmuel Bornstein, the Sochatchover Rebbe, 1856-1926) on Tetzaveh 10, notes: "Amalek, embodying the pinnacle of evil, stands in stark contrast to the essence of the entire Torah... His core is imbued with malevolence..."
(ד) וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃
(4) God saw that the light was good, and God separated the light from the darkness.
– רוע ,בְרֵע֗ה, originally: to break and away from it רע: the morally broken, bad, also becomes an expression of the voice that only hits the ear and the mind in repeated paragraphs and is therefore exciting, shocking, hence תרועה: (Rav Shimshon Rephael Hirsch, Shemot 32:17)
(יח) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֔ים לֹא־ט֛וֹב הֱי֥וֹת הָֽאָדָ֖ם לְבַדּ֑וֹ אֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לּ֥וֹ עֵ֖זֶר כְּנֶגְדּֽוֹ׃
(18) God said, “It is not good for the Human to be alone; I will make a fitting counterpart for him.”
...וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר, כָּל מִי שֶׁהָיָה הֶעָנָן פּוֹלְטוֹ, הָיָה נִשּׁוֹל. וְרַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי, שֵׁבֶט דָּן שֶׁפָּלְטוֹ הֶעָנָן, הָיוּ כֻּלָּם עוֹבְדֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְאַתָּה עָיֵף וְיָגֵעַ וְלֹא יָרֵא אֱלֹהִים. עָיֵף, בַּצָּמָא. וְיָגֵעַ, בַּדֶּרֶךְ.
רַבִּי פִּנְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָן אוֹמֵר, מָסֹרֶת אַגָּדָה הִיא, בְּיַד בָּנֶיהָ שֶׁל רָחֵל עֵשָׂו נוֹפֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: אִם לֹא יִסְחָבוּם צְעִירֵי הַצֹּאן (ירמיה מט, כ)
.וְזֶה בִּקֵּשׁ לַהֲרֹג אֶת אִמּוֹ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְשִׁחֵת רַחֲמָיו (עמוס א, יא).
...Another interpretation (of Deut. 25:18), “all who were lagging behind you”: R. Nehemiah says, “Whomever the cloud vomited up was discarded.” And the rabbis say, “It was the tribe of Dan that the cloud vomited up, [as] they all served idols...
R. Pinhas said in the name of R. Samuel bar Nahman, “It is a transmitted aggada [that] Esau will fall at the hand of the children of Rachel (Joseph and Benjamin) (& Esther! - ed.), as stated (in Jer. 49:20), ‘Surely the youngest of the flock shall drag them away....
While the other [Esau] sought to kill his mother, as stated (Amos 1:11), “and he destroyed the uterus.” Therefore, the one (Esau) will fall by the hand of the other (Joseph)...
(ט) וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ עֵשָׂ֖ו אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵ֑אל וַיִּקַּ֡ח אֶֽת־מָחֲלַ֣ת ׀ בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֨אל בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֲח֧וֹת נְבָי֛וֹת עַל־נָשָׁ֖יו ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ {ס}
(9) So Esau went to Ishmael and took to wife, in addition to the wives he had, Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael son of Abraham, sister of Nebaioth.
כָּךְ עֵשָׂו כָּל אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה צָד נְשֵׁי אֲנָשִׁים וּמְעַנֶּה אוֹתָם, וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְאַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה דִּמָּה עַצְמוֹ לְאָבִיו, אָמַר מָה אַבָּא נָשָׂא אִשָּׁה בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה אַף אֲנִי נוֹשֵׂא אִשָּׁה בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה, הֲדָא הוּא דִכְתִיב: וַיְהִי עֵשָׂו בֶּן אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה.
(1) So, Esau, all forty years, would ensnare married women and violate them. When he reached forty years of age, he likened himself to his father. He said: ‘Just as Father took a wife at forty years of age, I, too, will take a wife at forty years of age.’ That is what is written: “Esau was forty years old.”
(מא) וַיִּשְׂטֹ֤ם עֵשָׂו֙ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹ֔ב עַ֨ל־הַבְּרָכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר בֵּרְכ֖וֹ אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר עֵשָׂ֜ו בְּלִבּ֗וֹ יִקְרְבוּ֙ יְמֵי֙ אֵ֣בֶל אָבִ֔י וְאַֽהַרְגָ֖ה אֶת־יַעֲקֹ֥ב אָחִֽי׃
(41) Now Esau harbored a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing which his father had given him, and Esau said to himself, “Let but the mourning period of my father come, and I will kill my brother Jacob.”
Therefore, the symbolism of the serpent is synonymous with our greatest enemies: Satan, the evil inclination, and the nation of Amalek. That is why we call a person who is uncaring about others sneaky, a snake or a serpent, or describe such a person as cold-blooded or cold-hearted. These kinds of people are selfish to the extreme; they would do anything to benefit themselves, with no compunction about exploiting the weak and vulnerable. They hold a cynical, cold view of the world that glorifies the survival of the fittest. And every day, even the most decent people are vulnerable to this reptilian voice, the evil inclination ringing in our heads, telling us that life is hopeless and meaningless and that we'd better take advantage of every opportunity to survive, even at the expense of undermining and hurting other people. The serpent’s message echoing in our minds is the root of all our transgressions. (The Book of Life: Part 2 Yom Kippur)
(1) אשר קרך בדרך HOW HE MET THEE BY THE WAY — The word קרך is connected in meaning with מקרה "happenstance”, i.e., he came against thee by surprise.
Another explanation is: it is connected in meaning with the term קרי, nocturnal pollution and uncleanness, because he polluted them by pederasty.
Yet another explanation is that it is connected in meaning with the expression קור in the phrase קור וחום “cold and heat” and it means: he made you cold and lukewarm after the boiling heat you had before. For all the nations were afraid to war against you and this one came and began to point out the way to others. A parable! It may be compared to a boiling hot bath into which no living creature could descend. A good-for-nothing came, and sprang down into it; although he scalded himself he made it appear cold to others (Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 9).
(2) ויזנב בך means, smiting the membrum; he cut off the membra and threw them up provocatively towards Heaven (God) (Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 10).
(3) כל הנחשלים אחריך [AND HE SMOTE THE HINDMOST OF THEE] EVEN THOSE THAT WERE FEEBLE BEHIND THEE — i.e., those who were enfeebled because of their sins and whom the clouds had expelled from the protection they afforded (Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 10).
(4) ואתה עיף ויגע AND THOU WAST FAINT AND WEARY — faint through thirst, for it is written, (Exodus 17:3) “And the people thirsted there for water” and it is written immediately afterwards (v. 8) “Then came Amalek”.
(5) ויגע AND WEARY — from the journey (Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 10).
(יב) וַיֹאמֶר הָמָן לַמֶּלֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ יֶשְׁנוֹ עַם אֶחָד (אסתר ג, ח), אוֹתוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בּוֹ (דברים ו, ד): ה' אֶחָד, יָשֵׁן לוֹ מֵעַמּוֹ...
(12) “Haman said to King Aḥashverosh: There is [yeshno] one people” – the one of whom it is stated: “The Lord is one” (Deuteronomy 6:4); He is asleep [yashen] for His people...
(א)כֵּיוָן שֶׁאָמַר לוֹ: מִי הָאֲנָשִׁים הָאֵלֶּה. אָמַר הָרָשָׁע, אֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ בָּהֶם. כִּמְדֻמֶּה אֲנִי, יֵשׁ עִתִּים שֶׁאֵינוֹ יוֹדֵעַ, וְאַף אֲנִי אֶעֱשֶׂה בְּבָנָיו כָּל מַה שֶּׁאֲנִי רוֹצֶה לַעֲשׂוֹת.
(1)” When [the Holy One, blessed be He,] asked him (in Numb. 22:9), “Who are these people with you,” that wicked one said, “I know nothing about them.” [He said to himself,] “It appears to me [that] there are times when [God] does not know. And so I can do all that I want to His children.”
...זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַכָּתוּב: לֵץ תַּכֶּה וּפֶתִי יַעְרִם (משלי יט, כה). לֵץ תַּכֶּה, זֶה עֲמָלֵק....
...Scripture says elsewhere in allusion to this: When thou smitest a scorner, the simple will become prudent (Prov. 19:25). When thou smitest a scorner refers to Amalek...
עמלק = ספק = 240
סנקל(cynical) = 240
(ב) שתם העין. וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אָמְרוּ, לְפִי שֶׁאָמַר וּמִסְפָּר אֶת רֹבַע יִשְׂרָאֵל — שֶׁהַקָּבָּ"ה יוֹשֵׁב וּמוֹנֶה רְבִיעוֹתֵיהֶן שֶׁל יִשְׂרָאֵל, מָתַי תָּבֹא טִפָּה שֶׁנּוֹלַד הַצַּדִּיק מִמֶּנּוּ, אָמַר בְּלִבּוֹ, מִי שֶׁהוּא קָדוֹשׁ וּמְשָׁרְתָיו קְדוֹשִׁים יִסְתַּכֵּל בִּדְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ? וְעַל דָּבָר זֶה נִסְמַת עֵינוֹ שֶׁל בִּלְעָם (נדה ל"א)
(2) And our Rabbis said, Because he had said, (Numbers 23:10) ומספר את רבע ישראל, meaning that the Holy One, blessed be He, occupies Himself with counting the issue (sperm) of the marital life of the Israelites, awaiting the time when a righteous man will be born, he therefore said to himself, “Does He who is holy and whose ministers are holy direct his mind to matters such as these?” On this account Balaam’s eye was blinded (Niddah 31a).
Why Are Plants Not Black?
All kinds of reasons have been put forward for why plants apparently fail to make maximum use of the available light. None of these reasons can explain why after two billion years of evolution they are not black, like industrial photovoltaic solar cells. Are we missing something?
Chloroplasts
In the February edition of Photosynthesis Research, Leiden biophysicists Marcell Marosvölgyi and Hans van Gorkom demonstrate that the colour of solar cells is determined by the costs. It costs energy to make a solar cell, and this process is only cost-effective if the solar cell can extract more energy from the sun. The same applies to chloroplasts, the biological solar cells that plants use to stay alive. The more sunlight they absorb, the better, you might think. And a black system absorbs all the available light. (article authored by researchers at Leiden University, The Netherlands)
Quantum mechanics asserts that the fundamental behavior of the world is random. This means that quantum particles and properties are truly random in what answer they deliver at any moment or during any single measurement.
Quantum theory suggests that the reality we get from quantum probabilities is random. This is because even if the state of the system is pure and we know it exactly, the predictions of quantum mechanics could be intrinsically probabilistic and random.
For example, in the famous double-slit experiment we cannot predict where exactly an individual particle will go. However, if there are a bunch of particles with that wave function, quantum mechanics lets you predict their overall behavior very accurately.
In classical physics, randomness is attributed to unknown or unmeasured factors. However, in quantum mechanics, randomness is a fundamental aspect of the behavior of particles at the subatomic level.
Classical mechanics describes the physics of macroscopic objects and is deterministic, i.e., future is predictable. Quantum mechanics describes microscopic particles like atoms, emphasizing probabilities and wave-particle duality. It is inherently probabilistic and acknowledges that precise prediction is impossible.
(טו) הַכֹּל צָפוּי, וְהָרְשׁוּת נְתוּנָה
(15) Everything is foreseen yet freedom of choice is granted.
(ז) בַּחֹ֤דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁוֹן֙ הוּא־חֹ֣דֶשׁ נִיסָ֔ן בִּשְׁנַת֙ שְׁתֵּ֣ים עֶשְׂרֵ֔ה לַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֑וֹשׁ הִפִּ֣יל פּוּר֩ ה֨וּא הַגּוֹרָ֜ל לִפְנֵ֣י הָמָ֗ן מִיּ֧וֹם ׀ לְי֛וֹם וּמֵחֹ֛דֶשׁ לְחֹ֥דֶשׁ שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂ֖ר הוּא־חֹ֥דֶשׁ אֲדָֽר׃ {ס}
(7) In the first month, that is, the month of Nisan, in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus, pur—which means “the lot”—was cast before Haman concerning every day and every month, [until it fell on] the twelfth month, that is, the month of Adar.
1.יקר
2. ירק
3. קרי
4. קר
5. מקרה
1. Precious
2. Green
3. Sperm
4. Cold
5. Happenstance, chance
Does God care? קר
(יד) כִּ֣י אִם־הַחֲרֵ֣שׁ תַּחֲרִ֘ישִׁי֮ בָּעֵ֣ת הַזֹּאת֒ רֶ֣וַח וְהַצָּלָ֞ה יַעֲמ֤וֹד לַיְּהוּדִים֙ מִמָּק֣וֹם אַחֵ֔ר וְאַ֥תְּ וּבֵית־אָבִ֖יךְ תֹּאבֵ֑דוּ וּמִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ אִם־לְעֵ֣ת כָּזֹ֔את הִגַּ֖עַתְּ לַמַּלְכֽוּת׃
(14) On the contrary, if you keep silent in this crisis, relief and deliverance will come to the Jews from another quarter, while you and your father’s house will perish. And who knows, perhaps you have attained to royal position for just such a crisis.”
(טז) לֵךְ֩ כְּנ֨וֹס אֶת־כׇּל־הַיְּהוּדִ֜ים הַֽנִּמְצְאִ֣ים בְּשׁוּשָׁ֗ן וְצ֣וּמוּ עָ֠לַ֠י וְאַל־תֹּאכְל֨וּ וְאַל־תִּשְׁתּ֜וּ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ לַ֣יְלָה וָי֔וֹם גַּם־אֲנִ֥י וְנַעֲרֹתַ֖י אָצ֣וּם כֵּ֑ן וּבְכֵ֞ן אָב֤וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־כַדָּ֔ת וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אָבַ֖דְתִּי אָבָֽדְתִּי׃
(16) “Go, assemble all the Jews who live in Shushan, and fast on my behalf; do not eat or drink for three days, night or day. I and my maidens will observe the same fast. Then I shall go to the king, though it is contrary to the law; and if I am to perish, I shall perish!”
(יז) זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ עֲמָלֵ֑ק בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם...תִּמְחֶה֙ אֶת־זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לֹ֖א תִּשְׁכָּֽח׃ {פ}
(17) Remember what Amalek did to you on your journey, after you left Egypt...you shall blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!