Bamidbar - Finding the Wilderness
(א) וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהֹוָ֧ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינַ֖י בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד בְּאֶחָד֩ לַחֹ֨דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִ֜י בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית לְצֵאתָ֛ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם לֵאמֹֽר׃
(1) On the first day of the second month, in the second year following the exodus from the land of Egypt, יהוה spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the Tent of Meeting, saying:
(ז) וַֽיִּמְצָאָ֞הּ מַלְאַ֧ךְ יְהֹוָ֛ה עַל־עֵ֥ין הַמַּ֖יִם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר עַל־הָעַ֖יִן בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ שֽׁוּר׃

(7) A messenger of יהוה found [Hagar] by a spring of water in the wilderness, the spring on the road to Shur,

(א) וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָה׃
(1) Now Moses, tending the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, drove the flock into the wilderness, and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.
(טו) הַמּוֹלִ֨יכְךָ֜ בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר ׀ הַגָּדֹ֣ל וְהַנּוֹרָ֗א נָחָ֤שׁ ׀ שָׂרָף֙ וְעַקְרָ֔ב וְצִמָּא֖וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵֽין־מָ֑יִם הַמּוֹצִ֤יא לְךָ֙ מַ֔יִם מִצּ֖וּר הַֽחַלָּמִֽישׁ׃ (טז) הַמַּֽאֲכִ֨לְךָ֥ מָן֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־יָדְע֖וּן אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֣עַן עַנֹּֽתְךָ֗ וּלְמַ֙עַן֙ נַסֹּתֶ֔ךָ לְהֵיטִֽבְךָ֖ בְּאַחֲרִיתֶֽךָ׃
(15) who led you through the great and terrible wilderness with its seraph serpents and scorpions, a parched land with no water in it, who brought forth water for you from the flinty rock; (16) who fed you in the wilderness with manna, which your ancestors had never known, in order to test you by hardships only to benefit you in the end—
(סא) בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר בֵּ֚ית הָעֲרָבָ֔ה מִדִּ֖ין וּסְכָכָֽה׃ (סב) וְהַנִּבְשָׁ֥ן וְעִיר־הַמֶּ֖לַח וְעֵ֣ין גֶּ֑דִי עָרִ֥ים שֵׁ֖שׁ וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃
(61) In the wilderness: Beth-arabah, Middin, Secacah, (62) Nibshan, Ir-melah, and En-gedi: 6 towns, with their villages.
(יד) וַיֵּ֨שֶׁב דָּוִ֤ד בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בָּהָ֖ר בְּמִדְבַּר־זִ֑יף וַיְבַקְשֵׁ֤הוּ שָׁאוּל֙ כׇּל־הַיָּמִ֔ים וְלֹֽא־נְתָנ֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדֽוֹ׃
(14) David was staying in the strongholds of the wilderness [of Judah];-a he stayed in the hill country, in the wilderness of Ziph. Saul searched for him constantly, but God did not deliver him into his hands.
(כה) מִֽי־פִלַּ֣ג לַשֶּׁ֣טֶף תְּעָלָ֑ה וְ֝דֶ֗רֶךְ לַחֲזִ֥יז קֹלֽוֹת׃ (כו) לְ֭הַמְטִיר עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ לֹא־אִ֑ישׁ מִ֝דְבָּ֗ר לֹא־אָדָ֥ם בּֽוֹ׃

(25) Who cut a channel for the torrents

And a path for the thunderstorms,

(26) To rain down on uninhabited land,

On the wilderness where no human is.

(לג) יָשֵׂ֣ם נְהָר֣וֹת לְמִדְבָּ֑ר וּמֹצָ֥אֵי מַ֝֗יִם לְצִמָּאֽוֹן׃ (לד) אֶ֣רֶץ פְּ֭רִי לִמְלֵחָ֑ה מֵ֝רָעַ֗ת י֣וֹשְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃ (לה) יָשֵׂ֣ם מִ֭דְבָּר לַאֲגַם־מַ֑יִם וְאֶ֥רֶץ צִ֝יָּ֗ה לְמֹצָ֥אֵי מָֽיִם׃

(33) God turns the rivers into a wilderness,

springs of water into thirsty land,

(34) fruitful land into a salt marsh,

because of the wickedness of its inhabitants. (35) God turns the wilderness into pools,

parched land into springs of water.

(ז) וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל משֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי (במדבר א, א), לָמָּה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי, מִכָּאן שָׁנוּ חֲכָמִים בִּשְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים נִתְּנָה הַתּוֹרָה, בָּאֵשׁ, וּבַמַּיִם, וּבַמִּדְבָּר. בָּאֵשׁ מִנַּיִן (שמות יט, יח): וְהַר סִינַי עָשַׁן כֻּלּוֹ וגו'. וּבַמַּיִם מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים ה, ד): גַּם שָׁמַיִם נָטָפוּ גַּם עָבִים נָטְפוּ מָיִם. וּבַמִּדְבָּר מִנַּיִן וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל משֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי, וְלָמָּה נִתְּנָה בִּשְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ, אֶלָּא מָה אֵלּוּ חִנָּם לְכָל בָּאֵי הָעוֹלָם כָּךְ דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה חִנָּם הֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה נה, א): הוֹי כָּל צָמֵא לְכוּ לַמַּיִם, דָּבָר אַחֵר, וַיְדַבֵּר ה' אֶל משֶׁה בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי, אֶלָּא כָּל מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ עוֹשֶׂה עַצְמוֹ כַּמִּדְבָּר, הֶפְקֵר, אֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לִקְנוֹת אֶת הַחָכְמָה וְהַתּוֹרָה, לְכָךְ נֶאֱמַר: בְּמִדְבַּר סִינָי.

(7) "And God spoke to Moses in the Sinai Wilderness" (Numbers 1:1). Why the Sinai Wilderness? From here the sages taught that the Torah was given through three things: fire, water, and wilderness. How do we know it was given through fire? From Exodus 19:18: "And Mount Sinai was all in smoke as God had come down upon it in fire." How do we know it was given through water? As it says in Judges 5:4, "The heavens dripped and the clouds dripped water [at Sinai]." How do we know it was given through wilderness? [As it says above,] "And God spoke to Moses in the Sinai Wilderness." And why was the Torah given through these three things? Just as they are free to all the inhabitants of the world, so too are the words of Torah free to them, as it says in Isaiah 55:1, "Oh, all who are thirsty, come for water... [you who have no money]." Another explanation: "And God spoke to Moses in the Sinai Wilderness" — Anyone who does not make themselves ownerless like the wilderness cannot acquire the wisdom and the Torah. Therefore it says, "the Sinai Wilderness."

(מלכים א ב, לד) ויקבר בביתו במדבר אטו ביתו מדבר הוא אמר רב יהודה אמר רב כמדבר מה מדבר מופקר לכל אף ביתו של יואב מופקר לכל דבר אחר כמדבר מה מדבר מנוקה מגזל ועריות אף ביתו של יואב מנוקה מגזל ועריות (דברי הימים א יא, ח) ויואב יחיה את שאר העיר אמר רב יהודה אפילו מוניני וצחנתא טעים פריס להו:

“And he was buried in his own house, in the wilderness” (I Kings 2:34). Is that to say that Yoav’s house was a wilderness? Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: like the wilderness; just as the wilderness is open to all, so too, Yoav’s house was open to all. Alternatively, like the wilderness; just as the wilderness is clean of theft and sexual immorality, so too Yoav's house was clean of theft and sexual immorality...

אין התורה מתקיימת אלא במי שמשים עצמו כמדבר הפקר לעניים ולעשירים בדעת ואינו גדול יותר מחבירו אדרבא בטל במציאות נגדו ובזה מתאחדי' ונכללי' זה בזה

(R. Menahem Mendel of Vitebsk)

The Torah only stands firm in one who makes himself like a midbar hefker before those who are poor of mind and rich of mind, and he doesn’t think of himself as better than his friend. On the contrary, he should be completely nullified before his friend, and it is through this that they become united and bound up one with the other.

וַיִּנְהַג אֶת הַצֹּאן אַחַר הַמִּדְבָּר, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, לָמָּה הָיָה רוֹדֵף לַמִּדְבָּר, לְפִי שֶׁרָאָה שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל נִתְעַלּוּ מִן הַמִּדְבָּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ג, ו): מִי זֹאת עֹלָה מִן הַמִּדְבָּר, שֶׁהָיָה לָהֶם מִן הַמִּדְבָּר, הַמָּן, וְהַשְֹּׂלָו, וְהַבְּאֵר, וְהַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְהַשְּׁכִינָה, כְּהֻנָּה, וּמַלְכוּת, וְעַנְנֵי כָבוֹד.

דָּבָר אַחֵר, אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמשֶׁה אַתָּה עָתִיד לְהַעֲלוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרַיִם בִּזְכוּת מִי שֶׁדִּבַּרְתִּי עִמּוֹ בֵּין הַבְּתָרִים, זֶה אַבְרָהָם, וְאֵין מִדְבָּר אֶלָּא דִּבּוּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ד, ג): וּמִדְבָּרֵךְ נָאוֶה...

..."And Moses led the flock to the wilderness"(Exod. 3:1). Rabbi Yehoshua said, Why was he in pursuit of the wilderness? He saw that Israel would be raised up from the wilderness, as it is said: Who is this who rises up from the wilderness? (Songs 3:6). They had the manna from the wilderness, and the quails, and the well, and the Tabernacle, and the Divine Presence; priesthood, kingship, and the clouds of glory.
Another interpretation. The Holy Blessed One said to Moses, in the future you will bring Israel out of Egypt through the merit of the one that I spoke to between the parts - namely Abraham. And wilderness (midbar) means only speech (dibur). As it is said, Your lips are like a scarlet thread, your mouth [midbarech] is lovely (Songs 4:3).
(ג) כְּח֤וּט הַשָּׁנִי֙ שִׂפְתוֹתַ֔יִךְ וּמִדְבָּרֵ֖ךְ נָאוֶ֑ה כְּפֶ֤לַח הָֽרִמּוֹן֙ רַקָּתֵ֔ךְ מִבַּ֖עַד לְצַמָּתֵֽךְ׃
(3) Your lips are like a crimson thread,
Your mouth is lovely.
Your brow behind your veil
[Gleams] like a pomegranate split open.
(א) אֲנִי֙ חֲבַצֶּ֣לֶת הַשָּׁר֔וֹן שֽׁוֹשַׁנַּ֖ת הָעֲמָקִֽים׃ (ב) כְּשֽׁוֹשַׁנָּה֙ בֵּ֣ין הַחוֹחִ֔ים כֵּ֥ן רַעְיָתִ֖י בֵּ֥ין הַבָּנֽוֹת׃
(1) I am a rose of Sharon,
A lily of the valleys.
(2) Like a lily among thorns,
So is my darling among the maidens.

רַבִּי בֶּרֶכְיָה אָמַר, הַפָּסוּק הַזֶּה הַמִּדְבָּר אֲמָרוֹ, אָמַר הַמִּדְבָּר, אֲנִי מִדְבָּר וְחָבִיב אָנִי, שֶׁכָּל טוֹבוֹת שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם חֲבוּיִין בִּי, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מא, יט): אֶתֵּן בַּמִּדְבָּר אֶרֶז שִׁטָּה, נְתָנָם לִי הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁיְהוּ שְׁמוּרִים בִּי, וּכְשֶׁהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מְבַקְּשָׁם מִמֶּנִּי אֲנִי מַחֲזִיר לוֹ פִּקְדוֹנוֹ בְּלֹא חֶסְרוֹן, וַאֲנִי מַרְטִיב מַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים וְאוֹמֵר לְפָנָיו שִׁירָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה לה, א): יְשֻׂשׂוּם מִדְבָּר וְצִיָּה...

Rabbi Berekhya said: This verse, the wilderness said it. The wilderness said: ‘I am the wilderness, yet I am beloved, as all the good in the world is shrouded in me, as it is stated: “I will place in the wilderness cedar, acacia…” (Isaiah 41:19). The Holy Blessed One gave them to me so they would be protected in me. When the Holy Blessed One asks me for them, I will return the deposit with nothing lacking. I generate good deeds and sing songs before God,’ as it is stated: “The wilderness and wasteland will be glad” (Isaiah 35:1)...

Lawrence Kushner: The wilderness is not just a desert through which we wandered for forty years. It is a way of being. A place that demands being open to the flow of life around you. A place that demands being honest with yourself without regard to the cost in personal anxiety. A place that demands being present with all of yourself.

In the wilderness your possessions cannot surround you. Your preconceptions cannot protect you. Your logic cannot promise you the future. Your guilt can no longer place you safely in the past. You are left alone each day with an immediacy that astonishes, chastens and exults. You see the world as if for the first time.

Eitan Fishbane: R. Bahya asks: Why does the Torah emphasize God’s speech to Moshe in the wilderness of Sinai (בְּמִדְבַּר סִינַי)? It was to teach that “a person does not attain the Torah until they have made themselves empty and abandoned like the wilderness” To receive the revelation of Torah—or perhaps a bit less grandly, to let Torah take root in one’s heart—a person must first make themselves into a midbar, an inner empty wilderness that is cleared of all the weeds and brush that obstruct true perception and feeling.

In this transformed reading, the midbar may be said to embody a pure state of emptiness—an inner cleansing that allows us to go deeper into the spiritual path. Becoming hefker kemidbar is a process of letting go of our imprisonment in materiality, in ephemeral and finite desires—to be liberated into the vastness of an inner wilderness. As R. Nahman of Bratzlav taught (Likutei Moharan I:52), the most profound opening of the heart to God takes place in the physical space of darkness and wilderness, the frightening ground of loneliness and alienation. It is in hitbodedut (solitude) that we are able to empty our minds and hearts of society’s overwhelming drumbeat, where the ultimate bitul hayeish (erasure of superficial, mundane consciousness) becomes possible, and we are truly opened in all of our vulnerability before Divinity. In that place of midbar, we are able to break open the heart in ways we didn’t know were possible, to cry out to God from a place of the deepest emotional honesty. The midbar is an inner place of psyche as much as it is a terrestrial location. It is our spiritual work to let that divine solitude refine the openness and gentleness with which we treat our fellow human beings.

How to Get Unstuck, by Rabbi Evan J. Krame

Zohar Va’era, 2:25b asserts that when we were in Egypt, we lost the ability to express our own stories. During that time, we were literally slaves to another person’s narrative. When we left Egypt, we spent forty years in the midbar – the wilderness. It was there that we began our national story telling and created our own identity. The midbar is a wilderness, but there is also a second meaning from the same word root — to speak — דבר. We went into the midbar to find our own voice and to write a new narrative as a people.

Bewilderments: Reflections on the Book of Numbers by Avivah Zornberg

We remember previous and later references to "that great and terrible midbar." For instance, Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, makes his way from Midian "to Moses, to the wilderness where he was encamped, the mountain of God" (Exod. 18:5). Rashi responds to the apparent redundancy ("We too know that Moses was in the wilderness!"), by reading Jethro's journey as a moral choice: "The text speaks in praise of Jethro, who was ensconced in all the glory [kavod] of the world when his heart moved him to leave for the wilderness, that place of void—tohu—in order to hear words of Torah."

The wilderness is the place of emptiness and void. Like the uncreated world, it lacks all kavod, all the density and structure of the settled world that Jethro comes from. What brings him on this strange journey—to a place where the human being is unknown and unhonored—is his heart's desire to "hear words of Torah." With such a wish, he will brave the voids of the midbar. Or, more strangely, perhaps this void is the only possible site in which his wish may be granted. Precisely in this silent, unmarked place, the voice of God will resound.