Save "The 7 Prophetesses: Miriam"
The 7 Prophetesses: Miriam
(יט) כִּ֣י בָא֩ ס֨וּס פַּרְעֹ֜ה בְּרִכְבּ֤וֹ וּבְפָרָשָׁיו֙ בַּיָּ֔ם וַיָּ֧שֶׁב יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵהֶ֖ם אֶת־מֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָלְכ֥וּ בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃ (פ) (כ) וַתִּקַּח֩ מִרְיָ֨ם הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֲח֧וֹת אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶת־הַתֹּ֖ף בְּיָדָ֑הּ וַתֵּצֶ֤אןָ כָֽל־הַנָּשִׁים֙ אַחֲרֶ֔יהָ בְּתֻפִּ֖ים וּבִמְחֹלֹֽת׃ (כא) וַתַּ֥עַן לָהֶ֖ם מִרְיָ֑ם שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ כִּֽי־גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה ס֥וּס וְרֹכְב֖וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַיָּֽם׃ (ס)
(19) For the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought back the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel walked on dry land in the midst of the sea. (20) And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances. (21) And Miriam sang unto them: Sing ye to the LORD, for He is highly exalted: The horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.

(ב) הנביאה - קורא בעל דברי שבח או תוכחות בני אדם.

(2) הנביאה, the term נביא or נביאה is accorded to people who either are held in high esteem by their peers for their eloquence or their ability to admonish their peers.

(א) מרים הנביאה בעלת דברי השבח כמו ואהרן אחיך יהיה נביאך.
(1) מרים הנביאה, “Miriam the prophetess;” the word “prophetess” is used here to describe Miriam’s extraordinary ability to use words to express her feelings. According to Rash’bam, the word is also used as describing someone who preaches to people to behave morally and ethically correctly. Compare when G-d told Moses that his brother Aaron would be נביאך, which can hardly mean: “your prophet,” as Moses outclassed him in that department.
מרים דכתיב (שמות טו, כ) ותקח מרים הנביאה אחות אהרן ולא אחות משה אמר ר"נ אמר רב שהיתה מתנבאה כשהיא אחות אהרן ואומרת עתידה אמי שתלד בן שיושיע את ישראל ובשעה שנולד נתמלא כל הבית כולו אורה עמד אביה ונשקה על ראשה אמר לה בתי נתקיימה נבואתיך
Miriam was a prophetess, as it is written explicitly: “And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand” (Exodus 15:20). The Gemara asks: Was she the sister only of Aaron, and not the sister of Moses? Why does the verse mention only one of her brothers? Rav Naḥman said that Rav said: For she prophesied when she was the sister of Aaron, i.e., she prophesied since her youth, even before Moses was born, and she would say: My mother is destined to bear a son who will deliver the Jewish people to salvation. And at the time when Moses was born the entire house was filled with light, and her father stood and kissed her on the head, and said to her: My daughter, your prophecy has been fulfilled.

(ו) בְּהֵיכָלָא אַחֲרָא, אִית יוֹכֶבֶד, אִמֵּיהּ דְּמֹשֶׁה נְבִיאָה מְהֵימָנָא, וְכַמָּה אַלְפִין וְרִבְּבָן בַּהֲדָהּ. בְּהֵיכָלָא דָּא, לָא מַכְרְזֵי כְּלַל, אֶלָּא ג' זִמְנִין בְּכָל יוֹמָא וְיוֹמָא, אוֹדֵת וּמְשַׁבָּחַת לְמָארֵי עָלְמָא, אִיהִי וְכָל אִינּוּן נָשִׁין דִּי בַּהֲדָהּ. וְשִׁירָתָא דְּיַמָּא מְזַמְּרִין בְּכָל יוֹמָא, וְאִיהִי בִּלְחוֹדָהָא אַמְרַת מֵהָכָא, (שמות טו) וַתִּקַּח מִרְיָם הַנְּבִיאָה וְגוֹ', אֶת הַתּוֹף בְּיָדָהּ וְגוֹ'. וְכָל אִינּוּן צַדִּיקַיָּיא דִּי בְגַן עֵדֶן, צַיְיתִין לַקָל נְעִימוּ דִּילָהּ. וְכַמָּה מַלְאֲכִין קַדִּישִׁין אוֹדָאן וּמְשַׁבְּחָן עִמָּהּ לִשְׁמָא קַדִּישָׁא.

(6) In another chamber, Yocheved comes, the mother of Moshe the faithful prophet, and so many thousands and thousands of women with her. In this chamber, there is no announcement at all, but three times each day, she acknowledges and praises the Ruler of the world, she and all the women with her. They sing the Song of the Sea every day, and she herself recites from "And Miriam the Prophet...took her timbrel in her hand..." (Shmot 15:20). And all these righteous women there in the Garden of Edn listen to her pleasant voice, and so many holy angels acknowledge and praise the holy Name with her.

Miriam's Secret Identity - The Midwife Puah
The Rabbis identify Miriam with Puah, one of the two Hebrew midwives (Shiphrah and Puah) who served the Israelites during the Egyptian enslavement. Why was she called “Puah”? Because she appeared (hofi’a) with good deeds for Israel. In another explanation of her name, when she went with her mother to the expectant woman, she would bleat (poah) like a sheep to the woman in labor, which acted as a stimulus and aided the woman’s delivery. Another view has her squirting (nofa’at) wine into the baby’s mouth, causing the newborn to cry out when it was thought to be stillborn (Ex. Rabbah 1:13; Eccl. Rabbah 7:3; Midrash Samuel 23:2). Another explanation of her name relates to her behavior toward Pharaoh. When she heard the royal edict, she was insolent (hofi’ah panim) toward Pharaoh and looked down her nose at him. She told him: “Woe to you on the day of judgment, when God will come to demand punishment of you.” Pharaoh immediately became enraged at her and wanted to kill her. She was saved thanks to her mother, who mollified him and said to him: “Do you take notice of her? She is a baby, and knows nothing” (Ex. Rabbah, loc. cit.). Another explanation of her name is related to the birth of Moses. Puah (= Miriam) would cry out (poah) with divine inspiration and say: “My mother shall give birth to a son who will save Israel” (BT Sotah 11b). In another exegetical account, she was called Puah because of her insolence, which—in this depiction—was directed against her father Amram, in protest against his abstinence from his wife when Pharaoh ordered that the Israelite boys be cast into the Nile (Ex. Rabbah loc. cit.). Another etymological tradition explains that she was so named because she cried out (poah) and wept for her brother Moses when he was cast into the river (Sifrei on Numbers, 78).
In its various meanings, the name “Puah” therefore embodies two different character traits that the Rabbis find in Miriam’s personality: on the one hand, she exhibits sensitivity and tenderness: she bleats to the infant and weeps for her brother; while, on the other, she acts assertively and aggressively and is insolent both to her father and to Pharaoh. -Tamar Meir
https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/miriam-midrash-and-aggadah