And Hashem passed by before him, and proclaimed: ‘Hashem, Hashem, God, merciful and gracious, long-suffering, and abundant in goodness and truth;
'ה', ה, a reference to the fact that this is the name of Hashem is the One Who brought everything into existence and sustains everything.
רחום על החייבים להקל ענשם בקראם אליו,
רחום, merciful to those who are guilty, reducing the punishment they really deserve.
ואמת ורב אמת, מאריך אפיה
ואמת, the adjective רב, “abundant” mentioned in connection with the attribute חסד also applies to the attribute אמת.
(ז) נֹצֵ֥ר חֶ֙סֶד֙ לָאֲלָפִ֔ים נֹשֵׂ֥א עָוֺ֛ן וָפֶ֖שַׁע וְחַטָּאָ֑ה וְנַקֵּה֙ לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֔ה פֹּקֵ֣ד ׀ עֲוֺ֣ן אָב֗וֹת עַל־בָּנִים֙ וְעַל־בְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔ים עַל־שִׁלֵּשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־רִבֵּעִֽים׃
(7) keeping mercy unto the thousandth generation, forgiving Ovonos and rebellion and mistakes; and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the aveiros of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and unto the fourth generation.’
ופשע, sins intended to challenge Hashem
וחטאה הכעסה נוספת על המדד
וחטאה, additional to the taunting sin called פשע.
ונקה אף על פי שהוא מנקה לשבים מאהבה, והיא תשובה המגעת עד כסא הכבוד
ונקה, even though Hashem wipes the slate clean for those penitents motivated by their love for Hashem and not by their fear of punishment, לא ינקה, He will not do this for the ones whose only motivation for turning penitent is their fear of Hashem’s retribution, or their desire to arrest such retribution.