Save "Matot Masei 5784: Choosing the East"
What happens when a collective seeks fulfillment outside the promised land?
In this episode, Rabbi Tzvi Hirschfield and Rabbi Leon Morris delve into the intriguing narrative of the two and a half tribes—Reuven, Gad, and half of Menashe—who choose to settle outside the land of Canaan after the Israelite conquests. They discuss the implications of their decision, Moshe’s reaction, and the broader themes of individual fulfillment versus communal responsibility. Through thoughtful analysis and modern applications, they emphasize the importance of maintaining a strong, interconnected Jewish identity regardless of geographic location.

These key texts help deepen your listening experience:
Torah Portion: Numbers 30:2-36:13
SOURCES

(א) וּמִקְנֶ֣ה ׀ רַ֗ב הָיָ֞ה לִבְנֵ֧י רְאוּבֵ֛ן וְלִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד עָצ֣וּם מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּרְא֞וּ אֶת־אֶ֤רֶץ יַעְזֵר֙ וְאֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ גִּלְעָ֔ד וְהִנֵּ֥ה הַמָּק֖וֹם מְק֥וֹם מִקְנֶֽה׃ (ב) וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ בְנֵֽי־גָ֖ד וּבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֙ וְאֶל־אֶלְעָזָ֣ר הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶל־נְשִׂיאֵ֥י הָעֵדָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃ (ג) עֲטָר֤וֹת וְדִיבֹן֙ וְיַעְזֵ֣ר וְנִמְרָ֔ה וְחֶשְׁבּ֖וֹן וְאֶלְעָלֵ֑ה וּשְׂבָ֥ם וּנְב֖וֹ וּבְעֹֽן׃ (ד) הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִכָּ֤ה יהוה לִפְנֵי֙ עֲדַ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶ֥רֶץ מִקְנֶ֖ה הִ֑וא וְלַֽעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ מִקְנֶֽה׃ {ס}(ה) וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אִם־מָצָ֤אנוּ חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ יֻתַּ֞ן אֶת־הָאָ֧רֶץ הַזֹּ֛את לַעֲבָדֶ֖יךָ לַאֲחֻזָּ֑ה אַל־תַּעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה לִבְנֵי־גָ֖ד וְלִבְנֵ֣י רְאוּבֵ֑ן הַאַֽחֵיכֶ֗ם יָבֹ֙אוּ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְאַתֶּ֖ם תֵּ֥שְׁבוּ פֹֽה׃ (ז) וְלָ֣מָּה (תנואון)[תְנִיא֔וּן] אֶת־לֵ֖ב בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מֵֽעֲבֹר֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם יהוה׃ (ח) כֹּ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּשׇׁלְחִ֥י אֹתָ֛ם מִקָּדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵ֖עַ לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (ט) וַֽיַּעֲל֞וּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכּ֗וֹל וַיִּרְאוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיָּנִ֕יאוּ אֶת־לֵ֖ב בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְבִלְתִּי־בֹא֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֥ן לָהֶ֖ם יהוה׃

(1) The Reubenites and the Gadites owned cattle in very great numbers. Noting that the lands of Jazer and Gilead were a region suitable for cattle, (2) the Gadite and Reubenite [leaders] came to Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the chieftains of the community, and said, (3) “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam, Nebo, and Beon— (4) the land that יהוה has conquered for the community of Israel—is cattle country, and your servants have cattle. (5) It would be a favor to us,” they continued, “if this land were given to your servants as a holding; do not move us across the Jordan.” (6) Moses replied to the Gadites and the Reubenites, “Are your brothers to go to war while you stay here? (7) Why will you turn the minds of the Israelites from crossing into the land that יהוה has given them? (8) That is what your fathers did when I sent them from Kadesh-barnea to survey the land. (9) After going up to the wadi Eshcol and surveying the land, they turned the minds of the Israelites from invading the land that יהוה had given them.

(טז) וַיִּגְּשׁ֤וּ אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ גִּדְרֹ֥ת צֹ֛אן נִבְנֶ֥ה לְמִקְנֵ֖נוּ פֹּ֑ה וְעָרִ֖ים לְטַפֵּֽנוּ׃ (יז) וַאֲנַ֜חְנוּ נֵחָלֵ֣ץ חֻשִׁ֗ים לִפְנֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִם־הֲבִֽיאֹנֻ֖ם אֶל־מְקוֹמָ֑ם וְיָשַׁ֤ב טַפֵּ֙נוּ֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י הַמִּבְצָ֔ר מִפְּנֵ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃ (יח) לֹ֥א נָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־בָּתֵּ֑ינוּ עַ֗ד הִתְנַחֵל֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִ֖ישׁ נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ (יט) כִּ֣י לֹ֤א נִנְחַל֙ אִתָּ֔ם מֵעֵ֥בֶר לַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן וָהָ֑לְאָה כִּ֣י בָ֤אָה נַחֲלָתֵ֙נוּ֙ אֵלֵ֔ינוּ מֵעֵ֥בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן מִזְרָֽחָה׃ {פ}

(16) Then they stepped up to him and said, “We will build here sheepfolds for our flocks and towns for our children. (17) And we will hasten as shock-troops in the van of the Israelites until we have established them in their home, while our children stay in the fortified towns because of the inhabitants of the land. (18) We will not return to our homes until the Israelites—every one of them—are in possession of their portion. (19) But we will not have a share with them in the territory beyond the Jordan, for we have received our share on the east side of the Jordan.”

עוֹד הוֹדִיעָם שֶׁבָּזֶה יִהְיוּ נְקִיִּים מֵיהוה וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, פֵּרוּשׁ: מֵיהוה – כְּשֶׁיַּעַבְרוּ לַמִּלְחָמָה עַל דֶּרֶךְ שֶׁכָּתַבְתִּי שֶׁתִּהְיֶה כַּוָּנָתָם לְקַדֵּשׁ שֵׁם שָׁמַיִם וְלֹא לַהֲנָאָתָם בִּשְׁבִיל קִיּוּם תְּנַאי הָאָרֶץ, וּמִיִּשְׂרָאֵל – לְבַל יַחְשְׁדוּ שֶׁטִּינָא הָיְתָה בְלִבָּם מֵהַמְּרַגְּלִים כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַר לָהֶם מֹשֶׁה ״קַמְתֶּם תַּחַת אֲבוֹתֵיכֶם תַּרְבּוּת אֲנָשִׁים חַטָּאִים״ שֶׁכַּוָּנָתָם לָשׁוּב מֵאַחֲרֵי יהוה. וְאָמְרוֹ וְהָיְתָה הָאָרֶץ וְגוֹ׳ – הִבְטִיחָם שֶׁבָּזֶה תִּתְקַיֵּם בְּיָדָם הָאָרֶץ לַאֲחֻזָּה וְלֹא תִהְיֶה נִגְזֶלֶת מֵהֶם, וּמִמּוֹצָא דָבָר אַתָּה לָמֵד שֶׁאִם לֹא יַעֲשׂוּ כִּדְבַר מֹשֶׁה יֻשְׁלְלוּ מִכָּל הַבְטָחוֹת הַטּוֹבוֹת.

Moses also made a point of stating that these two tribes would have discharged their duties both vis-a-vis G'd and vis-a vis Israel as long as they crossed the Jordan prepared to do battle. The important thing was their motivation, as we have pointed out previously. As long as what they did was לשם שמים rather than for their own selfish motives even the people (10 tribes) would not harbour any bad feelings against these two tribes. Moses added the words: "this land will become your inheritance before G'd," that their participation in helping the other tribes to conquer and to settle on the West Bank would make their own lands safe against intruders.

וְאָמְרוֹ לִפְנֵי יהוה אֶפְשָׁר שֶׁנִּתְכַּוֵּן לְהַחְזִיקָם בִּקְדֻשַּׁת הָאָרֶץ מֵהַטְּעָמִים עַצְמָן שֶׁאָמְרוּ הֵם בִּתְחִלַּת דִּבְרֵיהֶם, וְזֶה הוּא שִׁעוּר דְּבָרָיו: וְהָיְתָה הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת וְגוֹ׳, הֲגַם שֶׁהוּא חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה נֶחְשֶׁבֶת לָכֶם לַאֲחֻזָּה לִפְנֵי יהוה, פֵּרוּשׁ, תִּהְיֶה נֶחְשֶׁבֶת אֲחֻזָּה זוֹ שֶׁהִיא לִפְנֵי יהוה, וְזוֹ הִיא קְדֻשָּׁתָהּ, שֶׁלְּטַעַם זֶה הִיא שֶׁנֶּחְשֶׁבֶת הָאָרֶץ קְדוֹשָׁה לְפִי שֶׁהִיא לִפְנֵי יהוה בְּאֵין רְצוּעַת חוֹל מַפְסֶקֶת בֵּינָהּ וּבֵין יהוה שׁוֹכֵן הַבִּירָה.

It is possible that by repeating the expression לפני השם, "in the presence of G'd," Moses meant to say that although their land was חוצה לארץ, "outside the boundaries of the Holy Land proper," they would be considered as if they had made their residence within the Holy Land. The land would be considered holy as no strip of secular land separated between it and ארץ ישראל proper.

יחד שבטי ישראל, כשהם עשוים אגודה אחת ולא כשהם עשוים אגודות אגודות, וכן הוא אומר (עמוס ט ו) הבונה בשמים מעלותיו ואגודתו על ארץ יסדה. רבי שמעון בן יוחי אומר משל לאחד שהביא שתי ספינות וקשרם בהוגנים ובעשתות והעמידן בלב הים ובנה עליהם פלטרין כל זמן שהספינות קשורות זו בזו פלטרין קיימים פרשו ספינות אין פלטרין קיימים כך ישראל כשעושים רצונו של מקום בונה עליותיו בשמים וכשאין עושים רצונו כביכול אגודתו על ארץ יסדה

(Devarim, Ibid.) "together, the tribes of Israel" — when they constitute one unit, and not when they are divided into many factions, as it is written (Amos 9:6) "Who builds His heights in the heavens and His bond on earth endures." — R. Shimon b. Yochai says: This is analogous to one's bringing two ships, connecting them with braces and bars, and building stately edifices upon them. So long as the ships are bound, the edifices endure; once the ships separate, the edifices no longer endure. So, with Israel: When they do the will of the L-rd, their heights are in the heavens and His bond on earth endures.

"Diaspora" by Justice Baird, Sources Journal Spring 2024
Given that roughly half of the world’s Jews live under Jewish sovereignty that governs a large portion of the Land of Israel, and the other half lives in a diverse and reasonably stable set of diaspora communities, we can imagine both homeland and diaspora as ships carrying roughly half of the world’s Jews. Atop those two floating ships is the palace of the Jewish people. Without both homeland Jewry and diaspora Jewry undergirding the palace—if either falters, or if they float too far away from each other—the palace of the Jewish people will teeter and fall.

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