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Town Square Sheet - Clerj

(יז) לֹֽא־תִשְׂנָ֥א אֶת־אָחִ֖יךָ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ הוֹכֵ֤חַ תּוֹכִ֙יחַ֙ אֶת־עֲמִיתֶ֔ךָ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֥א עָלָ֖יו חֵֽטְא׃ (יח) לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יהוה׃

(17) You shall not hate your kinsfolk in your heart. Reprove your kin but incur no guilt on their account. (18) You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against members of your people. Love your fellow [Israelite] as yourself: I am יהוה.

Why does the Torah say not to hate your kinsfolk "in your heart"? How can internal thoughts or feelings affect our actions, and why does the Torah focus on the inner world of emotion and intention?

(טז) לֹא־תֵלֵ֤ךְ רָכִיל֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔יךָ לֹ֥א תַעֲמֹ֖ד עַל־דַּ֣ם רֵעֶ֑ךָ אֲנִ֖י יהוה׃

(16) Do not deal basely with members of your people. Do not profit by the blood of your fellow [Israelite]: I am יהוה.

(טו) וְאָמְרוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ זִכְרוֹנָם לִבְרָכָה (ערכין טו ב): לָשׁוֹן הָרַע הוֹרֶגֶת שְׁלוֹשָׁה בְּנֵי אָדָם: הָאוֹמְרוֹ, וְהַמְּקַבְּלוֹ, וְאוֹתוֹ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר עָלָיו. וְהַמְּקַבֵּל לָשׁוֹן הָרַע עַל חֲבֵרוֹ נֶעֱנָשׁ יוֹתֵר מִמִּי שֶׁאוֹמְרוֹ. מְסַפְּרֵי לָשׁוֹן הָרַע אָסוּר לָדוּר בִּשְׁכוּנָתָם, כָּל שֶׁכֵּן לֵשֵׁב אֶצְלָם לִשְׁמֹעַ דִּבְרֵיהֶם.

(15) And our Sages, of blessed memory, said, "Gossip slays three people — the one who speaks gossip, the one who listens to it and the one about whom the gossip is said" (Arakin 15b, and see T.P. Peah 1:1). And he who listens to the gossip is guiltier than he who speaks it. It is forbidden to dwell in the neighborhood of gossips, all the more so is it forbidden to sit with them and listen to their words.

How is gossip dangerous to a compassionate society?
What is the significance of adding "I am יהוה" at the end of the line?

(כו) וִהְיִ֤יתֶם לִי֙ קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אֲנִ֣י יהוה וָאַבְדִּ֥ל אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִן־הָֽעַמִּ֖ים לִהְי֥וֹת לִֽי׃

(26) You shall be holy to Me, for I יהוה am holy, and I have set you apart from other peoples to be Mine.

What does it mean to “be holy” to God?
What are the risks or benefits of seeing yourself as “set apart”? Can being separate actually lead us to deeper compassion or does it leave room for exclusion?