האזינו השמים. שֶׁאֲנִי מַתְרֶה בָהֶם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל וְתִהְיוּ עֵדִים בַּדָּבָר... וְכֵן ותשמע הארץ. וְלָמָּה הֵעִיד בָּהֶם שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ? אָמַר מֹשֶׁה: אֲנִי בָּשָׂר וָדָם, לְמָחָר אֲנִי מֵת, אִם יֹאמְרוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל לֹא קִבַּלְנוּ עָלֵינוּ הַבְּרִית, מִי בָא וּמַכְחִישָׁם? לְפִיכָךְ הֵעִיד בָּהֶם שָׁמַיִם וָאָרֶץ — עֵדִים שֶׁהֵן קַיָּמִים לְעוֹלָם. וְעוֹד, שֶׁאִם יִזְכּוּ יָבֹאוּ הָעֵדִים וְיִתְּנוּ שְׂכָרָם, הַגֶּפֶן תִּתֵּן פִּרְיָהּ וְהָאָרֶץ תִּתֵּן יְבוּלָהּ וְהַשָּׁמַיִם יִתְּנוּ טַלָּם, וְאִם יִתְחַיְּבוּ תִּהְיֶה בָהֶם יַד הָעֵדִים תְּחִלָּה — "וְעָצַר אֶת הַשָּׁמַיִם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה מָטָר וְהָאֲדָמָה לֹא תִתֵּן אֶת יְבוּלָהּ" (דברים י"ז)
Ouçam, ó céus. Pois estou por advertir Israel e vocês serão minhas testemunhas no assunto... e Escute a terra. E por que o céu e a terra foram testemunhas? Moshé disse: Eu sou de carne e osso, amanhã estarei morto. Se Israel disser "não aceitamos sobre nós o pacto", quem virá refutá-los? Por isso os céus e a terra são as testemunhas - testemunhas que permanecem para sempre. E mais, se tiverem mérito, as testemunhas virão e darão sua recompensa, a videira dará sua fruta e a terra sua produção e do céu cairá orvalho; e se transgredirem, a mão das testemunhas será a primeira - "E os céus se fecharao e não haverá chuva e a terra não dará seus frutos" (Devarim 11:17)
הֲלָכָה, אָדָם מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהָיָה חוֹשֵׁשׁ בְּאָזְנוֹ מַהוּ שֶׁיְהֵא מֻתָּר לְרַפְּאוֹתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת, כָּךְ שָׁנוּ חֲכָמִים כָּל שֶׁסָּפֵק נְפָשׁוֹת דּוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת, וְזוֹ מַכַּת הָאֹזֶן אִם סַכָּנָה הִיא מְרַפְּאִים אוֹתָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת. רַבָּנָן אָמְרֵי, מְבַקֵּשׁ אַתָּה שֶׁלֹא לָחוּשׁ בְּאָזְנֶיךָ וְלֹא אֶחָד מֵאֵבָרֶיךָ, הַטֵּה אָזְנְךָ לַתּוֹרָה וְאַתָּה נוֹחֵל חַיִּים, מִנַּיִן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה נה, ג): הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם וּלְכוּ אֵלַי שִׁמְעוּ וּתְחִי נַפְשְׁכֶם. אָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר פַּפָּא כָּל מִי שֶׁמֵּסִיר אָזְנוֹ מִשְׁמֹעַ תּוֹרָה תְּפִלָתוֹ נִמְאֶסֶת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כח, ט): מֵסִיר אָזְנוֹ מִשְׁמֹעַ תּוֹרָה גַּם תְּפִלָּתוֹ תּוֹעֵבָה.
Halakha: Uma pessoa de Israel que tem um incômodo na orelha, é permitido curá-lo no Shabat? Assim ensinaram os sábios: Tudo o que há perigo de vida se sobrepõe a Shabat. Essa 'dor de ouvido', se for perigosa, pode ser curada no Shabat.
Os sábios disseram: Se você buscar que não doa seu ouvido ou qualquer um de seus membros, incline seu ouvido para a Torá e você terá vida. De onde [aprendemos] “Incline seu ouvido e vá para Mim, escute e sua alma viverá"” (Isaiah 55:3).
Rabi Chanina bar Papa disse: Todo aquele que evita ouvir a Torá, sua tefilá se 'dissolve', como está dito “Aquele que desvia seu ouvido da Torá tem sua tefilá também considerada como abominação" (Proverbs 28:9).
Another matter, “listen, heavens” – Rabbi Yehoshua of Sikhnin said: From here you derive that the heavens have a mouth, a heart, and an ear. A mouth, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “The heavens relate the glory of the Almighty” (Psalms 19:2). A heart, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “The mountain was burning with fire to the heart of the heavens” (Deuteronomy 4:11). An ear, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “Listen.”
Another matter, why to the heavens and the earth? Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman said: To what is the matter comparable? It is to a military governor who served in two provinces, one subject to taxation and one tax-exempt. He made a festival. He said: ‘If I invite these, those will be angry, and if I invite those, these will be angry.’ What did he do? He invited these and those. So, Moses was from the earth and achieved greatness in the heavens. From where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “He was there with the Lord forty days…” (Exodus 34:28). He said: ‘If I invite the heavens, the earth will be angry, and if I invite the earth, the heavens will be angry.’ He said: ‘I will invite both of them, the heavens and the earth,’ as it is stated: “Listen, heavens…[and the earth will hear].”
Another matter, why to the heavens and the earth? Rabbi Tanḥuma said: It is because the Holy One blessed be He redeems Israel only by their means, as so it is written: “Sing, the heavens, as the Lord has acted; [shout, depths of the earth…for the Lord has redeemed Jacob, and in Israel He is glorified]” (Isaiah 44:23).
Another matter, why to the heavens and to the earth? It is because the Torah was given only through them, as it is stated: “From the heavens, He had you hear His voice to chastise you, and upon earth He showed you His great fire [and you heard His words from the midst of the fire]” (Deuteronomy 4:36).
Another matter, it is because the manna and the quail came through them. From where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “Behold, I am raining food for you from the heavens” (Exodus 16:4), and the quail from the earth, as it is written: “The quails came up…” (Exodus 16:13).
Another matter, it is because the Holy One blessed be He analogized Israel to the stars of the heavens and to the dust of the earth. Like the stars of the heavens, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “Look to the heavens and count the stars…” (Genesis 15:5). Like the dust of the earth, from where is it derived? “Your offspring will be like the dust of the earth” (Genesis 28:14).
Another matter, why to the heavens and to the earth? It is because they are Israel’s witnesses, as it is written: “I call today to the heavens and earth to bear witness against you” (Deuteronomy 4:26). To what is the matter comparable? It is to the son of kings, to whom his father gave two stewards, and every crown with which his father would crown him, he would crown him only through them. When he entered his wedding canopy, he took them as witnesses to be intermediaries between him and his father, So, all the miracles that the Holy One blessed be He performed on behalf of Israel, he performed it for them by means of the heavens and the earth. When they came to enter the Land of Israel, they recited song through them, as they testify between Him and them. From where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “Hear, heavens and listen, earth, as the Lord has spoken” (Isaiah 1:2). What is written thereafter? “I have reared children and exalted them [and they rebelled against me]” (Isaiah 1:2). That is, “listen, heavens.”
Another matter, why to the heavens and to the earth? Rabbi Ḥanina said: To what is the matter comparable? It is to one who deposited a deposit with his friend. The friend, who deposited the deposit with him, died, and the son of the one who deposited the deposit arose and treated the one with whom he had deposited the deposit with deference and treated his wife with deference. They said to him: ‘Why are you treating both of them with deference?’ He said to them: ‘I have a deposit with them, but it is unclear to me with whom the deposit is, whether it is with him or with his wife; [I treat them both with deference] so that wherever my deposit is placed, it will be well guarded.’ So, they said to Moses: ‘Why are you commanding the heavens and the earth?’ He said to them: ‘I am destined to die, and I do not know where my soul is going, whether to the heavens or to the earth.’ From where is it derived? It is as it is stated: “Who knows the spirit of the sons of man? Does it ascend upward, [and the spirit of the animal, does it descend downward to the earth?]” (Ecclesiastes 3:21). That is why I am commanding both of them. Everywhere that my soul will be placed, it will be good. The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘As you live, no creature has dominion over your soul. Where is it placed? It is beneath the Throne of Glory.’ As so says Avigayil: “May the soul of my lord be bound in the bond of life with the Lord your God” (I Samuel 25:29).
Another matter, why to the heavens and to the earth? It is because through them, the Holy One blessed be He bore witness against Israel; through them, they sinned; through them, they were stricken; and through them, they are consoled. Through them He bore witness against them, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “I call today to the heavens and the earth to bear witness against you” (Deuteronomy 4:26). Through them they sinned, as it is written: “To make pastries in honor of the queen of the heavens” (Jeremiah 7:18). Through them they were stricken, from where is it derived? It is as is written: “And the heavens, and their light is gone” (Jeremiah 4:23). Through the earth, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “[I call the heavens] and the earth [to witness against you that you shall soon perish from the land…]” (Deuteronomy 4:26). Through the earth they sinned, from where is it derived? It is as it is written: “Their altars too will be as heaps on the furrows of the field” (Hosea 12:12). Through the earth they were stricken, as it is written: “I saw the land, and behold, it is emptiness and disorder” (Jeremiah 4:23). And through the heavens and the earth they are consoled, as it is written: “For just as the new heavens and the new earth [that I will make will remain before Me, the utterance of the Lord, so your descendants and your name will remain]” (Isaiah 66:22).