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Shabbat Zachor
(יז) זָכ֕וֹר אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ עֲמָלֵ֑ק בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֥ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (יח) אֲשֶׁ֨ר קָֽרְךָ֜ בַּדֶּ֗רֶךְ וַיְזַנֵּ֤ב בְּךָ֙ כָּל־הַנֶּחֱשָׁלִ֣ים אַֽחַרֶ֔יךָ וְאַתָּ֖ה עָיֵ֣ף וְיָגֵ֑עַ וְלֹ֥א יָרֵ֖א אֱלֹהִֽים׃ (יט) וְהָיָ֡ה בְּהָנִ֣יחַ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֣יךָ ׀ לְ֠ךָ מִכָּל־אֹ֨יְבֶ֜יךָ מִסָּבִ֗יב בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יְהוָֽה־אֱ֠לֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵ֨ן לְךָ֤ נַחֲלָה֙ לְרִשְׁתָּ֔הּ תִּמְחֶה֙ אֶת־זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לֹ֖א תִּשְׁכָּֽח׃ (פ)

(17) Remember what Amalek did to you on your journey, after you left Egypt— (18) how, undeterred by fear of God, he surprised you on the march, when you were famished and weary, and cut down all the stragglers in your rear. (19) Therefore, when the Eternal your God grants you safety from all your enemies around you, in the land that the Eternal your God is giving you as a hereditary portion, you shall blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!

(יב) וְתִמְנַ֣ע ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה פִילֶ֗גֶשׁ לֶֽאֱלִיפַז֙ בֶּן־עֵשָׂ֔ו וַתֵּ֥לֶד לֶאֱלִיפַ֖ז אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י עָדָ֖ה אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃
(12) Timna was a concubine of Esau’s son Eliphaz; she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. Those were the descendants of Esau’s wife Adah.

Timna was a royal princess, as it is written, alluf Timna, (Gen. 36:40) and by alluf an uncrowned ruler is meant. Desiring to join the Jewish people, she went to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, but they did not accept her. So she went and became a concubine to Eliphaz the son of Esau, saying, ‘I had rather be a servant to this people than a mistress of another nation.’ From her Amalek was descended who afflicted Israel. Why so? — Because they should not have repulsed her. (Tractate Sanhedrin 99b)

Fu Timna una royal princess, come è scritto, alluf di Timna, (GEN. 36:40) e da alluf un righello uncrowned è destinato. Desiderosi di aderire al popolo ebraico, andò ad Abramo, a Isacco e a Giacobbe, ma essi non accetta il suo. Così ella andò e divenne la concubina di Elifaz, figlio di Esaù, dicendo: "Ho avuto piuttosto essere un servo di questo popolo di una padrona di un'altra nazione." Dal suo Amalek era disceso che hanno afflitto Israele. Perché così? - Perché non dovrebbe avere respinto il suo. (Tractate Sinedrio 99b)

(ח) וַיָּבֹ֖א עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיִּלָּ֥חֶם עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בִּרְפִידִֽם׃ (ט) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בְּחַר־לָ֣נוּ אֲנָשִׁ֔ים וְצֵ֖א הִלָּחֵ֣ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק מָחָ֗ר אָנֹכִ֤י נִצָּב֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הַגִּבְעָ֔ה וּמַטֵּ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדִֽי׃ (י) וַיַּ֣עַשׂ יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר אָֽמַר־לוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בַּעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמֹשֶׁה֙ אַהֲרֹ֣ן וְח֔וּר עָל֖וּ רֹ֥אשׁ הַגִּבְעָֽה׃ (יא) וְהָיָ֗ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֥ים מֹשֶׁ֛ה יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יָנִ֛יחַ יָד֖וֹ וְגָבַ֥ר עֲמָלֵֽק׃ (יב) וִידֵ֤י מֹשֶׁה֙ כְּבֵדִ֔ים וַיִּקְחוּ־אֶ֛בֶן וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ תַחְתָּ֖יו וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב עָלֶ֑יהָ וְאַהֲרֹ֨ן וְח֜וּר תָּֽמְכ֣וּ בְיָדָ֗יו מִזֶּ֤ה אֶחָד֙ וּמִזֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד וַיְהִ֥י יָדָ֛יו אֱמוּנָ֖ה עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃ (יג) וַיַּחֲלֹ֧שׁ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֥ק וְאֶת־עַמּ֖וֹ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ (פ) (יד) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה כְּתֹ֨ב זֹ֤את זִכָּרוֹן֙ בַּסֵּ֔פֶר וְשִׂ֖ים בְּאָזְנֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּֽי־מָחֹ֤ה אֶמְחֶה֙ אֶת־זֵ֣כֶר עֲמָלֵ֔ק מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃ (טו) וַיִּ֥בֶן מֹשֶׁ֖ה מִזְבֵּ֑חַ וַיִּקְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ נִסִּֽי׃ (טז) וַיֹּ֗אמֶר כִּֽי־יָד֙ עַל־כֵּ֣ס יָ֔הּ מִלְחָמָ֥ה לַיהוָ֖ה בַּֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק מִדֹּ֖ר דֹּֽר׃ (פ)

(8) Amalek came and fought with Israel at Rephidim. (9) Moses said to Joshua, “Pick some men for us, and go out and do battle with Amalek. Tomorrow I will station myself on the top of the hill, with the rod of God in my hand.” (10) Joshua did as Moses told him and fought with Amalek, while Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up to the top of the hill. (11) Then, whenever Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed; but whenever he let down his hand, Amalek prevailed. (12) But Moses’ hands grew heavy; so they took a stone and put it under him and he sat on it, while Aaron and Hur, one on each side, supported his hands; thus his hands remained steady until the sun set. (13) And Joshua overwhelmed the people of Amalek with the sword. (14) Then the Eternal said to Moses, “Inscribe this in a document as a reminder, and read it aloud to Joshua: I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven!” (15) And Moses built an altar and named it Adonai-nissi. (16) He said, “It means, ‘Hand upon the throne of the Eternal!’ The Eternal will be at war with Amalek throughout the ages.”

(ב) כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת פָּקַ֕דְתִּי אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה עֲמָלֵ֖ק לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֥ם לוֹ֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בַּעֲלֹת֖וֹ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃ (ג) עַתָּה֩ לֵ֨ךְ וְהִכִּֽיתָ֜ה אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֗ק וְהַֽחֲרַמְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ל עָלָ֑יו וְהֵמַתָּ֞ה מֵאִ֣ישׁ עַד־אִשָּׁ֗ה מֵֽעֹלֵל֙ וְעַד־יוֹנֵ֔ק מִשּׁ֣וֹר וְעַד־שֶׂ֔ה מִגָּמָ֖ל וְעַד־חֲמֽוֹר׃ (ס) (ד) וַיְשַׁמַּ֤ע שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וַֽיִּפְקְדֵם֙ בַּטְּלָאִ֔ים מָאתַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף רַגְלִ֑י וַעֲשֶׂ֥רֶת אֲלָפִ֖ים אֶת־אִ֥ישׁ יְהוּדָֽה׃ (ה) וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל עַד־עִ֣יר עֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיָּ֖רֶב בַּנָּֽחַל׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁא֣וּל אֶֽל־הַקֵּינִ֡י לְכוּ֩ סֻּ֨רוּ רְד֜וּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ עֲמָלֵקִ֗י פֶּן־אֹֽסִפְךָ֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וְאַתָּ֞ה עָשִׂ֤יתָה חֶ֙סֶד֙ עִם־כָּל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּעֲלוֹתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיָּ֥סַר קֵינִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ עֲמָלֵֽק׃ (ז) וַיַּ֥ךְ שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־עֲמָלֵ֑ק מֵֽחֲוִילָה֙ בּוֹאֲךָ֣ שׁ֔וּר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (ח) וַיִּתְפֹּ֛שׂ אֶת־אֲגַ֥ג מֶֽלֶךְ־עֲמָלֵ֖ק חָ֑י וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הֶחֱרִ֥ים לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃

(2) “Thus said the Eternal of Hosts: I am exacting the penalty for what Amalek did to Israel, for the assault he made upon them on the road, on their way up from Egypt. (3) Now go, attack Amalek, and proscribe all that belongs to him. Spare no one, but kill alike men and women, infants and sucklings, oxen and sheep, camels and asses!” (4) Saul mustered the troops and enrolled them at Telaim: 200,000 men on foot, and 10,000 men of Judah. (5) Then Saul advanced as far as the city of Amalek and lay in wait in the wadi. (6) Saul said to the Kenites, “Come, withdraw at once from among the Amalekites, that I may not destroy you along with them; for you showed kindness to all the Israelites when they left Egypt.” So the Kenites withdrew from among the Amalekites. (7) Saul destroyed Amalek from Havilah all the way to Shur, which is close to Egypt, (8) and he captured King Agag of Amalek alive. He proscribed all the people, putting them to the sword;

(ל) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חָטָ֔אתִי עַתָּ֗ה כַּבְּדֵ֥נִי נָ֛א נֶ֥גֶד זִקְנֵֽי־עַמִּ֖י וְנֶ֣גֶד יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְשׁ֣וּב עִמִּ֔י וְהִֽשְׁתַּחֲוֵ֖יתִי לַֽיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃ (לא) וַיָּ֥שָׁב שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֣י שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ שָׁא֖וּל לַֽיהוָֽה׃ (ס) (לב) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל הַגִּ֤ישׁוּ אֵלַי֙ אֶת־אֲגַג֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֲמָלֵ֔ק וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ אֵלָ֔יו אֲגַ֖ג מַעֲדַנֹּ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲגָ֔ג אָכֵ֖ן סָ֥ר מַר־הַמָּֽוֶת׃ (ס) (לג) וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר שִׁכְּלָ֤ה נָשִׁים֙ חַרְבֶּ֔ךָ כֵּן־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ל מִנָּשִׁ֖ים אִמֶּ֑ךָ וַיְשַׁסֵּ֨ף שְׁמוּאֵ֧ל אֶת־אֲגָ֛ג לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃ (ס)

(30) But [Saul] pleaded, “I did wrong. Please, honour me in the presence of the elders of my people and in the presence of Israel, and come back with me until I have bowed low to the Eternal your God.” (31) So Samuel followed Saul back, and Saul bowed low to the Eternal. (32) Samuel said, “Bring forward to me King Agag of Amalek.” Agag approached him with faltering steps; and Agag said, “Ah, bitter death is at hand!” (33) Samuel said: “As your sword has bereaved women, So shall your mother be bereaved among women.” And Samuel cut Agag down before the Eternal at Gilgal.

(טו) בָּתַר דַּעֲבַרוּ יָת יַמָּא אִתְרָעַמוּ עַל מַיָּא וַאֲתָא עֲלֵיהוֹן עֲמָלֵק רַשִּׁיעָא דִּנְטַר לְהוֹן דְּבָבוּ עַל עֵיסַק בְּכֵירוּתָא וּבִרְכְתָא דִּשְׁקַל יַעֲקֹב אֲבוּנָא מִן עֵשָׂו וַאֲתָא לְאָגָחָא קְרָבָא בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל עַל דְּבַטִּילוּ פִּתְגָמֵי אוֹרָיְתָא וַהֲוָה עֲמָלֵק רַשִּׁיעָא גָּנֵיב מִתְּחוֹת גַּדְפֵּי עֲנָנֵי יְקָרָא נַפְשָׁתָא מִשִּׁבְטוֹי דְּדָן וּמְקַטֵּיל יָתְהוֹן עַל דַּהֲוָה בִּידֵיהוֹן פִּסְלֵיהּ דְּמִיכָה בְּהַהִיא שָׁעֲתָא אִתְחַיַּבוּ בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל דִּמְתִילִין לְכַרְמָא לְאִתְחַבָּלָא אִלּוּלֵי צַדִּיקֵי דָּרָא הַהוּא דִּמְתִילִין לְבוֹסַם טָב: (טז) בְּהַהִיא שָׁעֲתָא הֲדַּרוּ בִּתְיוּבְתָּא בְּכֵן אִתְעַתַּד מֹשֶׁה נְבִיָּא וְצַלִּי קֳדָם יְיָ וִיהוֹשֻׁעַ מְשֻׁמְשָׁנֵיהּ אִזְדָּרַז וּנְפַק מִתְּחוֹת גַּדְפֵּי עֲנָנֵי יְקָרָא דַּיָי וְעִמֵּיהּ גּוּבְרִין צַדִּיקִין דְּדָמְיָן בְּעוּבָדֵיהוֹן לְוַרְדָּא וַאֲגִיחוּ קְרָבָא בַּעֲמָלֵק וְתַבַּרוּ יָת עֲמָלֵק וְיָת עַמֵּיהּ בְּשַׁמַּתָּא דַּיָי וְקַטְלָא וּתְבִירָא בְּפִתְגָם דְּחָרֶב:

(15) After they had crossed the Sea, they grumbled about the water and wicked Amalek came upon them, he who kept a grudge against them on account of the birthright and the blessing which Jacob our father took from Esau. And he came to wage war against Israel because she neglected the words of the Law. And from beneath the edges of the cloud of glory, the wicked Amalek would steal souls from the tribe of Dan to kill them, because the graven image of Micah was in their hands. At that time the House of Israel would have been condemned to destruction (like a vineyard about to be destroyed), if it had not been for the righteous ones of that generation (who may be compared to a sweet perfume). (16) At that time, they turned in repentance. And Moses the prophet stood ready and prayed before Adonai. Joshua, his servant, was equipped and went forth from beneath the edges of Adonai’s cloud glory, and with him went righteous heroes (who in their deeds resemble the rose). They waged war against Amalek and shattered Amalek and his people under the ban of Adonai: death and destruction according to the law of the sword.

Dopo aver attraversato il mare, essi brontolò circa l'acqua e il malvagio Amalek venne su di loro, egli che ha mantenuto un rancore contro di loro sul conto del diritto di primogenitura e la benedizione che Giacobbe nostro padre ha preso da Esaù. Egli è venuto per fare la guerra contro Israele perché ha trascurato le parole della legge. E da sotto i bordi della nube della gloria, il malvagio Amalek potrebbe rubare le anime dalla tribù di Dan per ucciderli, perché l'immagine scolpita di Mikah fu nelle loro mani. A quel tempo la casa di Israele sarebbe stato condannato alla distruzione (come una vigna in procinto di essere distrutto), se non fosse stato per i giusti, di quella generazione (che può essere paragonato a un dolce profumo). (16) in quel momento, hanno trasformato in pentimento. E Mosè il profeta era pronto e ha pregato prima di Adonai. Joshua, suo servo, è stato equipaggiato e uscì da sotto i bordi di Adonai nube della gloria, e con lui andarono giusti eroi (che nelle loro opere assomigliano al rose). Mossero guerra contro Amalek e shattered Amalek e il suo popolo sotto il divieto di Adonai: distruzione e morte secondo la legge della spada.

While the etymology of the word Amalek is uncertain, there is a tradition that may come from two words – “Am Lakak”, the people who lick up – the people who selfishly take from all around without any sense of boundary or of compassion for others. Amalek is the trait that takes, that uses up, that does not consider either the other or the context or the future – it is the greed and selfishness we are all prone to as young children, something we have to learn to rein in and control if we are to live with others and create relationships and do good in this world.

Mentre l'etimologia della parola Amalek è incerta, vi è una tradizione che può provenire da due parole - "Am Lakak", le persone che lambiscono - il popolo che egoisticamente prendere da tutto senza alcun senso di confine o di compassione per gli altri. Amalek è la caratteristica che assume, che utilizza fino che non prende in considerazione sia gli altri o il contesto o il futuro - è l'avidità e l'egoismo tutti siamo inclini a come i bambini, qualcosa che dobbiamo imparare a frenare e controllare se ci sono a vivere con gli altri e creare relazioni e fare del bene in questo mondo.

Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, (1808 – 1888) saw the battle between Israel and Amalek as being between different sets of values – and Israel’s purpose is to strive to be in the category of morality and life affirming activity. In his commentary on Amalek he wrote “We are warned, remember what Amalek did to you, and see to it that we ourselves should not become an Amalek within ourselves. …not to commit deeds of wrong and violence within our personal lives…. Do not forget" this [obligation to wipe out Amalek] - in case there comes a time when you will want to be like Amalek, and like him to deny your [moral] obligation and not to know God, but will only seek opportunities...to exploit your power to harm others.”
Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, (1808 - 1888) vide la battaglia tra Israele e gli Amaleciti come essendo tra i diversi insiemi di valori - e Israele ha lo scopo di lottare per essere nella categoria della moralità e della vita affermando l'attività. Nel suo commento su Amalek scrisse "siamo avvertiti, ricordare ciò che ha fatto Amalek a voi e fare in modo che noi stessi non dovrebbe diventare un Amalek dentro di noi. …non commettere atti di sbagliato e violenza all interno della nostra vita personale…. Non dimenticare" questo [obbligo di annientare gli Amaleciti] - nel caso in cui non ci si arriva in un momento in cui si vuole essere come Amalek e come lui a negare il tuo [] morale obbligo e non di conoscere Dio, ma servirà solo a cercare le occasioni...per sfruttare il potere di danneggiare altri utenti."

(ד) ואל הזכירה הזאת בלב ובפה, לא ידענו בה זמן קבוע בשנה או ביום, כמו שנצטוינו בזכירת יציאת מצרים בכל יום ובכל לילה, והטעם כי בזכירה ההיא, עקר הדת, וכמו שהרחבנו הדבור על זה בהרבה מקומות בספר, אבל טעם זכירת מה שעשה עמלק, אינו רק שלא תישכח שנאתו מלבנו, ודי לנו בזה לזכור הענין פעם אחת בשנה או בשתי שנים או שלש. והנה בכל מקומות ישראל קוראים ספר התורה בשנה אחת או בשתים או שלש לכל הפחות, והנה הם יוצאים בכך מצוה זו. ואולי נאמר כי מנהגם של ישראל בפרשת זכור לקרותה בשבת מיוחד בכל שנה ושנה תורה היא, ומפני מצוה זו הוא שקבעו כן, והוא השבת שלפני פורים לעולם, ודין יהיה לקרותה ביום פורים, לפי שהוא מענינו של יום, כי המן הרשע היה מזרעו, אבל להודיע שקודם נס זה נצטוינו בזכירה זו קבעו הפרשה קודם לפורים, אבל סמכוה לפורים על דרך מה שיאמרו זכרונם לברכה (ברכות כא, ב) במקומות סמכו ענין לו.

(4) We do not know an established time in the year or the day for this remembrance with the heart and the mouth, such as we are commanded to remember the exodus from Egypt every day and every night. And the reason [for the latter] is that that remembrance is a fundamental principle of religion, and as we have spoken about this in detail in many other places in this book. But the reason for remembering what Amalek did, is only that the hatred in our hearts not be forgotten. And for this, it is enough to remember the matter once a year, or in two years, or in three years. And behold, in all the places of Israel, they read the Book of the Torah over a year, or two or three - at the very least. And behold, they fulfill this commandment with that. And perhaps we should say that the custom of Israel to read Parashat Zachor on a specific Shabbat each and every year is [as a law from the] Torah. And it is due to this commandment that they fixed it like that. And it is always the Shabbat before Purim. And the law should be to read it on Purim day, because it is from the matter of the day, since Haman the wicked was from the seed [of Amalek]; but in order to make known that before the miracle [of Purim], we were commanded in this remembrance, they fixed the [reading] before Purim. However they made it adjacent to Purim, in the way that they, may their memory be blessed, say (Berakhot 21b) in [certain] places, "they placed the matter adjacent to it."

(4) Noi non sappiamo un tempo stabilito nell'anno o il giorno per questo ricordo con il cuore e con la bocca, come ci è stato ordinato di ricordare l esodo dall Egitto ogni giorno e ogni notte. E la ragione [per quest'ultimo] è quello che ricordo è un principio fondamentale della religione, e come abbiamo parlato in dettaglio in molti altri luoghi in questo libro. Ma il motivo di ricordare ciò che ha fatto Amalek, è solo che l'odio nei nostri cuori non venga dimenticato. E per questo è sufficiente ricordare la questione una volta l'anno, o in due anni o in tre anni. Ed ecco, in tutti i luoghi di Israele, che hanno letto il libro della Torah nel corso di un anno o due o tre - perlomeno. Ed ecco, essi soddisfano questo comandamento con l. E forse dovremmo dire che la consuetudine di Israele per leggere Parashat Zachor su uno specifico Shabbat ciascuno e ogni anno è [come una legge dalla Torah]. Ed è a causa di questo comandamento che essi si fissa come quella. Ed è sempre il Shabbat prima di Purim. E la legge dovrebbe essere di leggere su Purim giorno, perché è la questione del giorno, poiché Haman il malvagio era dal seme [di Amalek]; ma al fine di rendere noto che prima che il miracolo [di Purim], siamo stati comandati in questo ricordo, hanno fissato i [lettura] prima di Purim. Esse hanno tuttavia reso adiacente alla festa di Purim, in modo che essi, può la loro memoria sarà benedetta, dire (Berakhot 21b) [taluni] luoghi, "hanno posto la questione ad essa adiacente."