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Parshah Rabbit Hole - Shlach: How Big Were The Grapes?

וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ל וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ מִשָּׁ֤ם זְמוֹרָה֙ וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל עֲנָבִים֙ אֶחָ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֥הוּ בַמּ֖וֹט בִּשְׁנָ֑יִם וּמִן־הָרִמֹּנִ֖ים וּמִן־הַתְּאֵנִֽים׃

They came until the Valley of Eshkol, and from there they cut off a branch and one cluster of grapes, and they carried it between two on a pole, [and they took] some pomegranates and some figs.

וישאהו במוט בשנים. מִמַּשְׁמַע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר "וַיִּשָּׂאֻהוּ בַמּוֹט" אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא בִשְׁנַיִם? מַה תַּ"ל "בִּשְׁנָיִם"? בִּשְׁנֵי מוֹטוֹת. הָא כֵיצַד? שְׁמוֹנָה נָטְלוּ אֶשְׁכּוֹל, אֶחָד נָטַל תְּאֵנָה וְאֶחָד רִמּוֹן; יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב לֹא נָטְלוּ כְלוּם, לְפִי שֶׁכָּל עַצְמָם לְהוֹצִיא דִּבָּה נִתְכַּוְּנוּ — כְּשֵׁם שֶׁפִּרְיָהּ מְשֻׁנֶּה כָּךְ עַמָּהּ מְשֻׁנֶּה; וְאִם חָפֵץ אַתָּה לֵידַע כַּמָּה מַשּׂאוֹי אֶחָד מֵהֶם, צֵא וּלְמַד מֵאֲבָנִים שֶׁהֵקִימוּ בַּגִּלְגָּל — הֵרִימוּ לָהֶם אִיש אֶבֶן אַחַת מִן הַיַּרְדֵן עַל שִׁכְמוֹ וֶהֱקִימוּהָ בַּגִּלְגָּל (יהושע ד') — וּשְׁקָלוּם רַבּוֹתֵינוּ מִשְׁקַל כָּל אַחַת אַרְבָּעִים סְאָה, וּגְמִירֵי טוּנָא דְּמִידְלֵי אֱינַשׁ עַל כַּתְפֵּיהּ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא שְׁלִישׁ מַשּׂאוֹי כַּמַּשּׂאוֹי שֶׁמְּסַיְּעִין אוֹתוֹ לְהָרִים (סוטה ל"ד):

וישאהו במוט בשנים AND THEY BARE IT UPON A POLE BETWEEN TWO — From what is implied in the statement “And they bare it upon a pole”, do I not know that it was carried by two men”? why then does it add the word ‎בשנים?‎ It means, not as you assume, “by two men” but “upon two poles”. How was that done? Eight of the spies bore the cluster of grapes. Besides these, one spy took the fig and one the pomegranate, but Joshua and Caleb did not take anything (although all of them were bidden to do so; cf. v. 20), because the very essence of their (the other spies’) intention was only to bring an evil report: “Just as its fruit is extraordinary in size, so is its people extraordinary in size”. — Now if you wish to know how much was the burden of each of them, go and learn from the weight of the stones which they erected at Gilgal; for it is related (Joshua 4:5 and 20) that each man lifted by himself one stone from out of the Jordan on to his shoulder, and set it up at Gilgal; — and our Rabbis ascertained the weight of each stone to be forty Seahs, and it is an accepted fact that a load which a person can by himself lift up on to his shoulder is only the third of the load he can carry if people assist him in lifting it up (Sotah 34b).
וְצַוּ֣וּ אוֹתָם֮ לֵאמֹר֒ שְׂאֽוּ־לָכֶ֨ם מִזֶּ֜ה מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן מִמַּצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים הָכִ֖ין שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֑ים וְהַעֲבַרְתֶּ֤ם אוֹתָם֙ עִמָּכֶ֔ם וְהִנַּחְתֶּ֣ם אוֹתָ֔ם בַּמָּל֕וֹן אֲשֶׁר־תָּלִ֥ינוּ ב֖וֹ הַלָּֽיְלָה׃ {ס}
and instruct them as follows: Pick up twelve stones from the spot exactly in the middle of the Jordan, where the priests’ feet are standing; take them along with you and deposit them in the place where you will spend the night.”
וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֘עַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ תַּ֗חַת מַצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃

And Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of the Jordan, in the place where the feet of the priests who bore the Ark of the covenant stood; and they have been there to this day.

אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: אַבָּא חֲלַפְתָּא וְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן מַתְיָא וַחֲנַנְיָא בֶּן חֲכִינַאי עָמְדוּ עַל אוֹתָן אֲבָנִים, וְשִׁיעֲרוּם כׇּל אַחַת וְאַחַת שְׁקוּלָה כְּאַרְבָּעִים סְאָה. וּגְמִירִי דִּטְעוּנָא דְּמַדְלֵי אִינִישׁ לְכַתְפֵּיהּ — תִּילְתָּא דִּטְעוּנֵיהּ הָוֵי. מִכָּאן אַתָּה מְחַשֵּׁב לָאֶשְׁכּוֹל...

Rabbi Yehuda says: Abba Ḥalafta, and Rabbi Eliezer ben Matya, and Ḥananya ben Ḥakhinai stood on those same stones that the Jewish people took from the Jordan, and they measured them and found that each and every one weighed about forty se’a. And it is learned as a tradition that a load that one can lift onto his shoulders is one-third of the weight of the load that he can carry when others load it onto him. From here you can calculate the size of the cluster of grapes that the spies carried together from Eretz Yisrael...

תילתא דטעוניה הוא - אינו אלא שליש משאוי שנושא כשמטעינו אחר נמצא שהיה כל אחד מהן נושא משא ק"ך סאין:

"one-third of the load" - It is only a third of the load that he carries when another person loads him. From this we find that each of them carried a load of 120 se'ahs."

...ומה יכול ללמד מאבנים שהקימו בגלגל, דלמא שאני הכא שלא היו נושאין משא לפי כחם וגבורתם, אלא ודאי דהכא דייק דאם לא שנשאו לפי כחם וגבורתם למה לא נטלו רק ג' מינים, אלא ודאי כדי להוציא דבה נתכוונו. והרא"ם הביא הגמ' ורש"י דמסכת סוטה שמפרש כל זה:

...one could ask: What can you learn from the stones that that they erected in Gilgal? Perhaps there is a difference and here they were not carrying a load commensurate to their strength. Rather it is certain that the inference here is because if they had not carried commensurate to their strength, why did they take only three types of fruit? Thus it is certain that they intended to deliver a slanderous report. Re’m quotes the Gemara and Rashi in Maseches Sotah which explain all of this.

...פירש רש"י נמצא כל אחד מהם היה נושא משא של ק"ך סאין. ונראה לי דבר זה לפי הטבע רחוק הוא אך השם יתברך אותה שעה עשה נס לתת להם כח זה של ק"ך סאין לרמוז להם עתה בכניסתם לארץ אשר נתן להם בַּעֲבוּר יִשְׁמְרוּ חֻקָּיו וְתוֹרֹתָיו יִנְצֹרוּ (תהלים קה, מה) יהיה להם כח במעשיהם הטובים למתק כל הגבורות הקשות של ק"ך צרופי אלקים.

Rashi explains that each of them carried a load of 120 se'ahs. And it seems to me that this is far-fetched according to nature, but Hashem performed a miracle at that time to give them this strength of 120 se'ahs to hint to them now, upon entering the land that [Hashem] gave them, as it is said: "In order that they keep His statutes and observe His laws." (Psalms 105:45). They will have the strength in their good deeds to sweeten all the harsh powers of the 120 combinations of G-d's name (אלקים).

וישאוהו במוט בשנים. הנה לפי הפשט יראה ששנים נשאו המוט שהיה בו אשכול האחד מן הראש האחד והאחר מן הראש השני...

"And they carried it on a pole with two ." According to the plain meaning, it seems that two people carried the pole that the cluster was on - one on one end and the other on the other end...

מִכָּאן אַתָּה מְחַשֵּׁב לָאֶשְׁכּוֹל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיִּשָּׂאֻהוּ בַמּוֹט בִּשְׁנָיִם״. מִמַּשְׁמַע שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר ״בַּמּוֹט״, אֵינִי יוֹדֵעַ שֶׁבִּשְׁנַיִם? מָה תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״בִּשְׁנָיִם״ — בִּשְׁנֵי מוֹטוֹת.

From here you can calculate the size of the cluster of grapes that the spies carried together from Eretz Yisrael, as it is stated: “And they carried it upon a pole between two” (Numbers 13:23). From the fact that it is stated that they carried the cluster of grapes “on a pole” do I not know that it was carried by two people? That is the only way it can be carried on a pole. What is the meaning when the verse states: “Between two”? It means that the spies carried it on two poles, and four people carried the cluster of grapes together. From here it can be deduced that the weight of the cluster was 480 se’a.

(במדבר יג, כג): וַיִּשָֹּׂאֻהוּ בַמּוֹט בִּשְׁנָיִם, אֵין פָּחוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי מוֹטוֹת, לְפִי שֶׁאֵין אוֹמֵר בַּמּוֹט שְׁנַיִם, אֶלָּא בִּשְׁנָיִם. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים שְׁלשָׁה, בַמּוֹט אֶחָד, בִּשְׁנָיִם הֲרֵי שְׁלשָׁה.

“And bore it upon a pole with two” – there were no fewer than two poles, as it does not say “two on a pole,” but rather, “with two.” Some say three; “upon a pole” is one, “with two,” that is three.

אָמַר רַבִּי יִצְחָק: טוּרְטָנֵי, וְטוּרְטָנֵי דְטוּרְטָנֵי, הָא כֵּיצַד? שְׁמֹנָה נָשְׂאוּ אֶשְׁכֹּל, אֶחָד נָשָׂא רִימּוֹן, וְאֶחָד נָשָׂא תְּאֵינָה. יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָלֵב לֹא נָשְׂאוּ כְּלוּם. אִי בָּעֵית אֵימָא מִשּׁוּם דַּחֲשִׁיבִי. וְאִי בָּעֵית אֵימָא שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ בְּאוֹתָהּ עֵצָה.
Rabbi Yitzḥak said: They were configured like upper rods of scales [turtanei] that are balanced on the lower rods of scales, i.e., there were not two but four poles. How so? Eight of the spies carried the cluster of grapes, one of them carried a pomegranate, and one carried a fig. Joshua and Caleb did not carry anything. Why did Joshua and Caleb not carry anything? If you wish, say that it is because they were more prominent than the others and it was beneath their dignity to carry such a load. And if you wish, say instead that they did not take part in the wicked counsel of the spies, as the cluster of grapes was brought by the spies to scare the people.
שְׁלַח־לְךָ֣ אֲנָשִׁ֗ים וְיָתֻ֙רוּ֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֖ן לִבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אִ֣ישׁ אֶחָד֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶחָ֜ד לְמַטֵּ֤ה אֲבֹתָיו֙ תִּשְׁלָ֔חוּ כֹּ֖ל נָשִׂ֥יא בָהֶֽם׃

“Send, for yourself, men, and have them scout the Land of Cana’an, which I am giving to Bnei Yisroel; one man, one man each, for his father’s tribe you shall send them, each leader among them.”

כְּתִיב אִישׁ אֶחָד לַשָּׁבֶט. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה דוּ אָמַר לְשׁוֹנוֹת רִבּוּיִים הֵן, עֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה הָיוּ. שִׁשָּׁה עָשָׂר בָּאֶשְׁכּוֹל וּשְׁמוֹנֶה בַּתְּאֵינִים וְרִימּוֹנִים וּבְנוֹשֵׂא כֵלִים. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל דְּהוּא אוֹמֵר לְשׁוֹנוֹת כְּפוּלִין הֵן, שְׁנֵים־עָשָׂר הָיוּ. שְׁמֹנֶה בָאֶשְׁכּוֹל וְאַרְבַּע בַּתְּאֵנִים וְרִמּוֹנִים וּבְנוֹשֵׂא כֵלִים. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל טורטורין. עַל דַּעְתֵּיהּ דְּרִבִּי עֲקִיבָה טורטורין וטורטורי טורטורין.

It is written: “One man per tribe.” In the opinion of Rebbi Aqiba who says these are expressions of additions, there were 24, sixteen for the grape bunch and eight for figs, pomegranates, and their belongings. In the opinion of Rebbi Simeon, who says there are double expressions, there were twelve, eight for the grape bunch and four for figs, pomegranates, and their belongings. In the opinion of Rebbi Ismael a beam; in the opinion of Rebbi Aqiba a beam and beams of beams.

וּמָ֣ה הָ֠אָ֠רֶץ הַשְּׁמֵנָ֨ה הִ֜וא אִם־רָזָ֗ה הֲיֵֽשׁ־בָּ֥הּ עֵץ֙ אִם־אַ֔יִן וְהִ֨תְחַזַּקְתֶּ֔ם וּלְקַחְתֶּ֖ם מִפְּרִ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהַ֨יָּמִ֔ים יְמֵ֖י בִּכּוּרֵ֥י עֲנָבִֽים׃

How is the land (soil) is it fat (rich) or lean (poor), does it have trees, or not? You shall strengthen yourselves, and you shall take some fruit of the land.” Those days were the days of the first ripening of the grapes.

ליקוטי שושנים, לקוט ח'

והנה האותיות שקודם אותיות 'ענבם' הוא אותיות 'סמאל', ור"ל שסמאל שולט בהם. וזה שאמר קרא והימים ימי בכורי ענבם, ר"ל אותיות הבכורים וראשונים לאותיות ענבם, דהיינו אותיות סמאל, שאז באלו הימים יש לו שליטה כנ"ל, ולכן כתיב ענבם חסר יוד כדי לרמז זה.

Likutei Shoshanim, Ch. 8

The letters preceding the letters of 'grapes' (ענבם) are the letters of 'Samael' (סמאל), which means that Samael has dominion over them. And this is what the verse says: 'And the days are the days of the first-fruits of their grapes' (Numbers 13:20), meaning the letters which are the 'first fruits' of, and precede, the letters of 'grapes' (ענבם), which are the letters of 'Samael' (סמאל), for in those days he has dominion as mentioned above. Therefore, the word 'grapes' (ענבם) is written without the letter 'yud' (י) to hint at this.

...ונ"ל עפ"י מה שהביא בספר דבש לפי מלקוטי האריז"ל בשם האריז"ל. הטעם של קרי וכתיב כי התור"ה נדרשת בשתי ישיבות מתיבתא עילאה ותתאה בישיבה העליונה. אין שטן ואין פגע רע. ושם נק' כמו שהוא נכתב. וכן שאר התיבות א"צ לשנות בהם לאהדורי מלה לנרתיקה כמ"ש ר' ייבא סבא ע"ה. אמנם בישיבה של מטה צריך למסור רזי התור"ה בלחישה ושיהא פשט הדברים קרובים למושכל לרבים. עכ"ד. המשכיל יבין דהה"ד כל שארי העניינים דדרשו חז"ל בקצ' שינוי ממה שנמצא במסורת שלפנינו... אבל הם ידעו שבמתיבתא עילאה נכתב חסר (כ"ה בזהר) ויש לי לומר שבכאן ג"כ היא כך במתיבתא עילאה שם אין פחד מהחיצונים נכתב בכורי ענב"ם חסר. הכוונה על פ' הנ"ל משא"כ במתיבתא תתאה לא יתכן לרמזו בפירוש. והבן:

And it seems to me that this can be explained according to what is brought in the book Devash LeFi from the students of the Arizal, in the name of the Arizal: "The reason for the kri (how it is read) and k'siv (how it is written) is because the Torah is studied in two yeshivos - the Upper and Lower Yeshivos. In the Upper Yeshiva, there is no Satan and no evil influence. And there, the name is pronounced as it is written. Similarly, for the other words, there is no need to change them to make the word sound different from what is written, as Rabbi Yiba Saba said. However, in the Lower Yeshiva, the secrets of the Torah must be transmitted in a whisper such that the plain meaning of the words must be close to the understanding of the many. " The wise will understand that this is the same for all the other matters that the Sages explained with a slight change from what is found in the tradition before us... but they knew that in the Upper Yeshiva, it is written that way (is it says in the Zohar). Here too, I would say that this is how it is in the Upper Yeshiva, where there is no fear of the external forces, the word ענב"ם is written without the yud. The intention is as explained above, but in the Lower Yeshiva it is not appropriate to hint at this explicitly.