Rebbi Meïr was sitting and preaching in the House of Study of Tiberias when his teacher Elisha passed by riding on a horse on the Sabbath. They came and told him, your teacher is outside. He stopped his sermon and went out to him. He asked him, what did you preach today? He told him, and the Eternal blessed the end etc. He asked him, what did you explain about this? He answered him, and the Eternal added double all that Job had owned; that he doubled his money. He said, woe for those who are lost and not found, your teacher Aqiba did not preach this but, the Eternal blessed the end of Job from his beginning, by the merit of commandments and good works which were in his hand from his beginning. He asked him, and what did you preach further? He told him, the end of a matter is better than the beginning. He asked him, what did you explain about this? For example, a man who had children in his youth but they died, and in his old age they lived; that is the end of a matter is better than the beginning. For example, a man who traded in his youth and lost, and in his old age and gained; that is the end of a matter is better than the beginning. For example, a man who studied Torah in his youth and forgot, in his old age he remembered; that is the end of a matter is better than the beginning. He said, woe for those who are lost and not found, your teacher Aqiba did not preach this but, the end of a matter is good from the beginning, in case it is good from the start, and this applies to me. My father Abuya was one of the leading Jerusalemites. On the day he came to circumcise me he invited all the leading Jerusalemites and sat them in one room, and Rebbi Eliezer and Rebbi Joshua in another room. After they ate and drank they started to clap with their hands and dance. Rebbi Eliezer and Rebbi Joshua said, while they are occupied in theirs let us be occupied with ours. They sat occupied with words of the Torah, from the Torah to Prophets, from Prophets to Hagiographs. Fire descended from Heaven and surrounded them. Abuya told them, my teachers! Why do you come to burn down my house? They told him, Heaven forbid! But we were sitting reviewing the words of the Torah, from the Torah to Prophets, from Prophets to Hagiographs, and the words were joyful as at their giving on Sinai. And was the main giving on Sinai not in fire? And the Mountain burns in the fire up to the heart of Heaven. My father Abuya told them, my teachers! If that is the power of Torah, if this son of mine survives I dedicate him to Torah. Because his intent was not for Heaven, it did not succeed with this man. He asked him, and what did you preach further? He told him, it cannot be valued by gold or glass. He asked him, what did you explain about this? He told him, the words of the Torah are as difficult to acquire as golden vessels, and as easy to lose as glass vessels. And like golden and glass vessels when they are broken he can make them vessels as before, also the student of the Sages who forgot his learning can learn it anew. He said to him, this is enough, Meïr, up to here is the Sabbath domain. He asked him, how do you know? He told him, from the horse’s hooves which I continuously counted for 2’000 cubits. He said to him, all that wisdom is in you and you do not repent? He told him, I cannot. He asked him, why? He told him, once I was passing by the Holiest of Holies riding on a horse on the Day of Atonement which fell on a Sabbath and I heard an unembodied voice coming from the Holiest of Holies, saying, return, erring children, except for Elisha ben Abuya who knew My power and rebelled against Me. And all that came to him because he was sitting memorizing in the valley of Genezareth and saw a man climbing to the top of a date palm taking the mother with the chicks and descending safely. The next day he saw another man climbing to the top of a date palm, taking the chicks and sending away the mother. When climbing down he was bitten by a snake, and he died. He said, it is written, sending away you shall send the mother, but the chicks you may take for yourself, so it will be good for you and prolong your days. Where is the good for this one? Where is the prolongation of days of this one? He did not know that Rebbi Jacob had explained it preceding him, so it will be good for you in the future world which is all good, and prolong your days, in the future which is all long. But some are saying, because he saw the tongue of Rebbi Jehudah the baker in the mouth of a dog, oozing blood. He said, is this the Torah and this is its reward? This is the tongue which was delivering the words of the Torah correctly; this is the tongue which occupied itself with Torah all its days; [is this the Torah and this is its reward?] It appears that there is no reward and no resurrection of the dead. But some are saying, when his mother was pregnant with him she passed by pagan temples and smelled of this kind. And this smell was bubbling in her body like the poison of a viper. Later Elisha fell sick. They came and informed Rebbi Meïr, your teacher is sick. He went to visit him and found him sick. He asked him, are you not repenting? He asked, and if one repents, is one accepted? He told him, is it not written, man shall repent up to extinction, one receives up to the extinction of the breath. At that moment Elisha cried, passed away, and died. Rebbi Meïr was happy internally and said, it seems that my teacher passed away repentant. After they buried him, fire descended from Heaven and burned his grave. They came and informed Rebbi Meïr, your teacher’s grave is on fire. He went to visit it and found it burning. What did he do? He took his kaftan and spread it over it. He said, stay for the night, etc. Stay for this world which compares to the night, and it will be in the morning, this is the Future World which is all morning, if the Good One will redeem, this is the Holy One, praise to Him, who is Good, as it is written, the Eternal is good to all, and His mercies are on all His creatures. And if He does not want to redeem you I shall redeem you, living is the Eternal, and it was extinguished. They asked Rebbi Meïr, if they ask you in that World, whom do you want to visit, your father or your teacher? He told them, I shall visit my teacher first and afterwards my father. They said, will they listen to you? He told them, did we not state, “one saves the case of a scroll with the scroll, and the case of phylacteries with the phylacteries”? One saves Elisha Aher by the merit of his Torah. Later his daughters went to take charity from Rebbi. Rebbi decided and said, nobody shall show him grace nor be friendly to his orphans. They told him, Rebbi. Do not look at his deeds, do look at his Torah. At this moment Rebbi cried and decided for them that they be provided for. He said, if this one who toiled in Torah not for Heaven’s sake, see what he produced; one who toils in the Torah for itself not so much more?
אלישע בן אבויה: האיש שידע יותר מידי
אֵין דּוֹרְשִׁין בַּעֲרָיוֹת בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה. וְלֹא בְמַעֲשֵׂה בְרֵאשִׁית בִּשְׁנַיִם. וְלֹא בַמֶּרְכָּבָה בְּיָחִיד, אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה חָכָם וּמֵבִין מִדַּעְתּוֹ. כָּל הַמִּסְתַּכֵּל בְּאַרְבָּעָה דְּבָרִים, רָאוּי לוֹ כְּאִלּוּ לֹא בָּא לָעוֹלָם, מַה לְּמַעְלָה, מַה לְּמַטָּה, מַה לְּפָנִים, וּמַה לְּאָחוֹר. וְכָל שֶׁלֹּא חָס עַל כְּבוֹד קוֹנוֹ, רָאוּי לוֹ שֶׁלֹּא בָּא לָעוֹלָם:
One may not expound the topic of forbidden sexual relations before three or more individuals; nor may one expound the act of Creation and the secrets of the beginning of the world before two or more individuals; nor may one expound by oneself the Design of the Divine Chariot, a mystical teaching with regard to the ways God conducts the world, unless he is wise and understands most matters on his own. The mishna continues in the same vein: Whoever looks at four matters, it would have been better for him had he never entered the world: Anyone who reflects upon what is above the firmament and what is below the earth, what was before Creation, and what will be after the end of the world. And anyone who has no concern for the honor of his Maker, who inquires into and deals with matters not permitted to him, deserves to have never come to the world.
רִבִּי יוּדָה בַּר פָּזִי בְשֵׁם רִבִּי יוֹסֵי בֵּירִבִּי יוּדָה. שְׁלֹשָׁה הִרְצוּ תוֹרָתָן לִפְנֵי רַבָּן. רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לִפְנֵי רַבָּן יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּיי. רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה לִפְנֵי רִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. חֲנַנְיָה בֶּן חֲכִינַיי לִפְנֵי רִבִּי עֲקִיבָה. מִיכָּן וָהֵילַךְ אֵין דַּעְתָּן נְקִייָה. אַרְבָּעָה נִכְנְסוּ לַפַּרְדֵּס. אֶחָד הֵצִיץ וָמֵת. אֶחָד הֵצִיץ וְנִפְגַּע. אֶחָד הֵצִיץ וְקִיצֵּץ בַּנְּטִיעוֹת. אֶחָד נִכְנַס בְּשָׁלוֹם וְיָצָא בְשָׁלוֹם. בֶּן עַזַּאי הֵצִיץ וְנִפְגַּע. עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֶר דְּבַ֣שׁ מָ֭צָאתָ אֱכוֹל דַּייֶךָּ. בֶּן זוֹמָא הֵצִיץ וָמֵת. עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר יָ֭קָר בְּעֵינֵ֣י י֙י הַ֝מָּ֗וְתָה לַֽחֲסִידָֽיו׃ אַחֵר הֵצִיץ וְקִיצֵּץ בַּנְּטִיעוֹת. מַנִּי אַחֵר. אֱלִישַׁע בֵּן אַבּוּיָה. שְׁהָיָה הוֹרֵג רָבֵי תוֹרָה. אָֽמְרִין. כָּל־תַּלְמִיד דַּהֲוָה חֲמִי לֵיהּ מְשֻׁבָּח בְּאוֹרַיְתָא הֲוָה קְטִיל לֵיהּ. וְלֹא עוֹד אֶלָּא דַּהֲוָה עֲלִיל לְבֵית ווַעֲדָא וַהֲוָה חֲמִי טַלָּייָא קוֹמֵי סַפְרָא. וַהֲוָה אֲמַר. מָה אִילֵּין יָֽתְבִין עָֽבְדִין הָכָא. אוּמְנוּתֵיהּ דָּהֵן בַּנַּאי. אוּמְנוּתֵיהּ דָּהֵן נַגָּר. אוּמְנוּתֵיהּ דָּהֵן צַייָד. אוּמְנוּתֵיהּ דָּהֵן חַייָט. וְכֵיוָן דַּהֲווֹן שָֽׁמְעִין כֵּן הֲווֹן שָֽׁבְקִין לֵיהּ וְאָֽזְלִין לוֹן. עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר אַל־תִּתֵּ֤ן אֶת־פִּ֙יךָ֙ לַֽחֲטִ֣יא אֶת־בְּשָׂרֶ֔ךָ וגו׳. שֶׁחִיבֵּל מַעֲשֶׂה יָדָיו שֶׁלְאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ. אוּף בִּשְׁעַת שּׁוּמָדָא הֲווֹן מַטְעֲנִין לוֹן מְטוּלִין. וִהֲווֹן מִתְכַּווְנִין מִיטְעוֹן תְּרֵי חַד מְטוּל. מִשֵּׁם שְׁנַיִם שֶׁעָשׂוּ מְלָאכָה אַחַת. אֲמַר. אַטְעוֹנְנוֹן יְחִידָאִין. אָֽזְלוֹן וְאַטְעוֹנִינוֹן יְחִידָייִן. וְהֲווֹן מִתְכַּווְנִין מִיפְרוֹק בְּכַרְמְלִית. שֶׁלֹּא לְהוֹצִיא מֵרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד לִרְשׁוּת הַרַבִּים. אֲמַר. אַטְעוֹנִינוֹן צְלוֹחִייִן. אָֽזְלוֹן וְאַטְעוֹנִינוֹן צְלוֹחִייִן. רִבּי עֲקִיבָה נִכְנַס בְּשָׁלוֹם וְיָצָא בְשָׁלוֹם. עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר מָשְׁכֵינִי אַֽחֲרֶ֣יךָ נָּר֑וּצָה וגו׳.
Rebbi Jehudah bar Pazi in the name of Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Jehudah: Three lectured their teachings in front of their teachers: Rebbi Joshua in front of Rabban Joḥana ben Zakkai, Rebbi Aqiba in front of Rebbi Joshua, Ḥananiah ben Ḥakhinai in front of Rebbi Aqiba. From there on their mind was not pure. Four entered the Garden, One peeked and was hurt; one peeked and died; one peeked and cut saplings, one entered in peace and left in peace. Ben Azzai peeked and was hurt; about him the verse says, if you found honey, eat your fill. Ben Zoma peeked and died, about him the verse says, dear in the Eternal’s eyes is the death of his pious. Aḥer peeked and cut saplings. Who is Aḥer? Elisha ben Abuya, who killed the children of Torah. They said, if he saw a student excelling in Torah he killed him. Not only this, but he went to the school house and saw children in front of their Bible teacher. He said, what are these sitting doing here? The profession of this one is builder, the profession of this one is carpenter, the profession of this one is hunter, the profession of this one is tailor. When they heard this, they left him and went away. About him the verse says, do not let your mouth make your flesh sin, etc.; for he destroyed the deeds of himself. Also in the time of religious persecution they made them carry loads. They intended that two together should carry one load, because of two persons who performed one work. He said, make them carry singly. They went and made them carry singly. They intended to unload in karmelit, in order not to carry from a private to a public domain. He said to them, let them carry flasks; they made them carry flasks. Rebbi Aqiba entered in peace and left in peace; about him the verse says, draw me, I shall run after you, etc.
אַחֵר קִיצֵּץ בִּנְטִיעוֹת, עָלָיו הַכָּתוּב אוֹמֵר: ״אַל תִּתֵּן אֶת פִּיךָ לַחֲטִיא אֶת בְּשָׂרֶךָ״. מַאי הִיא? חֲזָא מֶיטַטְרוֹן דְּאִתְיְהִבָא לֵיהּ רְשׁוּתָא לְמֵיתַב לְמִיכְתַּב זַכְווֹתָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲמַר: גְּמִירִי דִּלְמַעְלָה לָא הָוֵי לֹא יְשִׁיבָה וְלֹא תַּחֲרוּת, וְלֹא עוֹרֶף וְלֹא עִיפּוּי. שֶׁמָּא, חַס וְשָׁלוֹם, שְׁתֵּי רְשׁוּיוֹת הֵן. אַפְּקוּהּ לְמֶיטַטְרוֹן ומַחְיוּהּ שִׁיתִּין פּוּלְסֵי דְנוּרָא. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: מַאי טַעְמָא כִּי חֲזִיתֵיהּ לָא קַמְתְּ מִקַּמֵּיהּ? אִיתְיְהִיבָא לֵיהּ רְשׁוּתָא לְמִימְחַק זַכְווֹתָא דְאַחֵר. יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה: ״שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים״ — חוּץ מֵאַחֵר. אֲמַר: הוֹאִיל וְאִיטְּרִיד הָהוּא גַּבְרָא מֵהָהוּא עָלְמָא, לִיפּוֹק לִיתְהֲנֵי בְּהַאי עָלְמָא. נְפַק אַחֵר לְתַרְבּוּת רָעָה. נְפַק, אַשְׁכַּח זוֹנָה תַּבְעַהּ, אֲמַרָה לֵיהּ: וְלָאו אֱלִישָׁע בֶּן אֲבוּיָה אַתְּ? עֲקַר פּוּגְלָא מִמֵּישְׁרָא בְּשַׁבָּת וִיהַב לַהּ, אָמְרָה: אַחֵר הוּא.
§ The Gemara stated earlier that Aḥer chopped down the saplings, becoming a heretic. With regard to him, the verse states: “Do not let your mouth bring your flesh into guilt” (Ecclesiastes 5:5). The Gemara poses a question: What was it that led him to heresy? He saw the angel Mitatron, who was granted permission to sit and write the merits of Israel. He said: There is a tradition that in the world above there is no sitting; no competition; no turning one’s back before Him, i.e., all face the Divine Presence; and no lethargy. Seeing that someone other than God was seated above, he said: Perhaps, the Gemara here interjects, Heaven forbid, there are two authorities, and there is another source of power in control of the world in addition to God. Such thoughts led Aḥer to heresy. The Gemara relates: They removed Mitatron from his place in heaven and smote him with sixty rods [pulsei] of fire, so that others would not make the mistake that Aḥer made. They said to the angel: What is the reason that when you saw Elisha ben Avuya you did not stand before him? Despite this conduct, since Mitatron was personally involved, he was granted permission to erase the merits of Aḥer and cause him to stumble in any manner. A Divine Voice went forth saying: “Return, rebellious children” (Jeremiah 3:22), apart from Aḥer. Upon hearing this, Elisha ben Avuya said: Since that man, meaning himself, has been banished from that world, let him go out and enjoy this world. Aḥer went astray. He went and found a prostitute and solicited her for intercourse. She said to him: And are you not Elisha ben Avuya? Shall a person of your stature perform such an act? He uprooted a radish from a patch of radishes on Shabbat and gave it to her, to demonstrate that he no longer observed the Torah. The prostitute said: He is other than he was. He is not the same Elisha ben Avuya, he is Aḥer, other.
אֱלִישָׁע בֶּן אֲבוּיָה אוֹמֵר, הַלּוֹמֵד יֶלֶד לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לִדְיוֹ כְתוּבָה עַל נְיָר חָדָשׁ. וְהַלּוֹמֵד זָקֵן לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לִדְיוֹ כְתוּבָה עַל נְיָר מָחוּק. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַר יְהוּדָה אִישׁ כְּפַר הַבַּבְלִי אוֹמֵר, הַלּוֹמֵד מִן הַקְּטַנִּים לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לְאֹכֵל עֲנָבִים קֵהוֹת וְשׁוֹתֶה יַיִן מִגִּתּוֹ. וְהַלּוֹמֵד מִן הַזְּקֵנִים לְמַה הוּא דוֹמֶה, לְאֹכֵל עֲנָבִים בְּשֵׁלוֹת וְשׁוֹתֶה יַיִן יָשָׁן. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר, אַל תִּסְתַּכֵּל בַּקַּנְקַן, אֶלָּא בְמַה שֶּׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ. יֵשׁ קַנְקַן חָדָשׁ מָלֵא יָשָׁן, וְיָשָׁן שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ חָדָשׁ אֵין בּוֹ:
Elisha ben Abuyah said: He who learns when a child, to what is he compared? To ink written upon a new writing sheet. And he who learns when an old man, to what is he compared? To ink written on a rubbed writing sheet. Rabbi Yose ben Judah a man of Kfar Ha-babli said: He who learns from the young, to what is he compared? To one who eats unripe grapes, and drinks wine from his vat; And he who learns from the old, to what is he compared? To one who eats ripe grapes, and drinks old wine. Rabbi said: don’t look at the container but at that which is in it: there is a new container full of old wine, and an old [container] in which there is not even new [wine].
שָׁאַל אַחֵר אֶת רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְאַחַר שֶׁיָּצָא לְתַרְבּוּת רָעָה, מַאי דִּכְתִיב: ״לֹא יַעַרְכֶנָּה זָהָב וּזְכוֹכִית וּתְמוּרָתָהּ כְּלִי פָז״? אָמַר לוֹ: אֵלּוּ דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה, שֶׁקָּשִׁין לִקְנוֹתָן כִּכְלֵי זָהָב וּכְלֵי פָז, וְנוֹחִין לְאַבְּדָן כִּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית. אָמַר לוֹ: רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא רַבָּךְ לֹא אָמַר כָּךְ, אֶלָּא: מָה כְּלֵי זָהָב וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרוּ — יֵשׁ לָהֶם תַּקָּנָה, אַף תַּלְמִיד חָכָם, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁסָּרַח — יֵשׁ לוֹ תַּקָּנָה. אָמַר לוֹ: אַף אַתָּה חֲזוֹר בָּךְ! אָמַר לוֹ: כְּבָר שָׁמַעְתִּי מֵאֲחוֹרֵי הַפַּרְגּוֹד: ״שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים״ — חוּץ מֵאַחֵר.
Aḥer asked Rabbi Meir another question, again after he had gone astray. What is the meaning of that which is written: “Gold and glass cannot equal it; neither shall its exchange be vessels of fine gold” (Job 28:17)? If it is referring to the praise and honor of the Torah, it should have compared it only to gold, not to glass. He said to him: This is referring to words of Torah, which are as difficult to acquire as gilded vessels and vessels of fine gold but are as easy to lose as glass vessels. Aḥer said to him: Rabbi Akiva, your teacher, did not say so, but taught as follows: Just as golden vessels and glass vessels have a remedy even when they have broken, as they can be melted down and made into new vessels, so too a Torah scholar, although he has transgressed, has a remedy. Rabbi Meir said to him: If so, you too, return from your ways. He said to him: I have already heard the following declaration behind the dividing curtain, which conceals God from the world: “Return, rebellious children,” (Jeremiah 3:22) apart from Aḥer.
תַּקְפֵיהּ עַיְּילֵיהּ לְבֵי מִדְרְשָׁא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְיָנוֹקָא: פְּסוֹק לִי פְּסוּקָךְ. אָמַר לוֹ: ״אֵין שָׁלוֹם אָמַר ה׳ לָרְשָׁעִים״. עַיְּילֵיהּ לְבֵי כְנִישְׁתָּא אַחֲרִיתִי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְיָנוֹקָא: פְּסוֹק לִי פְּסוּקָךְ. אָמַר לוֹ: ״כִּי אִם תְּכַבְּסִי בַּנֶּתֶר וְתַרְבִּי לָךְ בּוֹרִית נִכְתָּם עֲוֹנֵךְ לְפָנַי״. עַיְּילֵיהּ לְבֵי כְּנִישְׁתָּא אַחֲרִיתִי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְיָנוֹקָא: פְּסוֹק לִי פְּסוּקָךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״וְאַתְּ שָׁדוּד מַה תַּעֲשִׂי כִּי תִלְבְּשִׁי שָׁנִי כִּי תַעְדִּי עֲדִי זָהָב כִּי תִקְרְעִי בַפּוּךְ עֵינַיִךְ לַשָּׁוְא תִּתְיַפִּי וְגוֹ׳״. עַיְּילֵיהּ לְבֵי כְנִישְׁתָּא אַחֲרִיתִי, עַד דְּעַיְּילֵיהּ לִתְלֵיסַר בֵּי כְנִישָׁתָא, כּוּלְּהוּ פְּסַקוּ לֵיהּ כִּי הַאי גַוְונָא. לְבָתְרָא אֲמַר לֵיהּ: פְּסוֹק לִי פְּסוּקָךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״וְלָרָשָׁע אָמַר אֱלֹהִים מַה לְּךָ לְסַפֵּר חֻקָּי וְגוֹ׳״. הָהוּא יָנוֹקָא הֲוָה מְגַמְגֵּם בְּלִישָּׁנֵיהּ, אִשְׁתְּמַע כְּמָה דַּאֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״וְלֶאֱלִישָׁע אָמַר אֱלֹהִים״, אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: סַכִּינָא הֲוָה בַּהֲדֵיהּ, וְקַרְעֵיהּ וְשַׁדַּרֵיהּ לִתְלֵיסַר בֵּי כְנִישָׁתֵי. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי, אֲמַר: אִי הֲוַאי בִּידִי סַכִּינָא, הֲוָה קָרַעְנָא לֵיהּ.
Nevertheless, Rabbi Meir took hold of him and brought him to the study hall. Aḥer said to a child, by way of divination: Recite your verse that you studied today to me. He recited the following verse to him: “There is no peace, said the Lord, concerning the wicked” (Isaiah 48:22). He brought him to another study hall. Aḥer said to a child: Recite your verse to me. He recited to him: “For though you wash with niter, and take for you much soap, yet your iniquity is marked before Me” (Jeremiah 2:22). He brought him to another study hall. Aḥer said to a child: Recite your verse to me. He recited to him: “And you, spoiled one, what are you doing, that you clothe yourself with scarlet, that you deck yourself with ornaments of gold, that you enlarge your eyes with paint? In vain you make yourself fair” (Jeremiah 4:30). He brought him to another synagogue, until he had brought him into thirteen synagogues, where all the children recited to him similar verses that speak of the hopeless situation of the wicked. At the last one, he said to him: Recite your verse to me. He recited to him: “And to the wicked [velerasha] God says, what is it for you to declare My statutes” (Psalms 50:16). The Gemara relates: That child had a stutter, so it sounded as though he were saying to him: Vele’elisha, i.e., and to Elisha, God says. This made Elisha think the child was deliberately insulting him. Some say Aḥer had a knife, and he tore the child apart and sent him to the thirteen synagogues. And others say that Aḥer merely said: Had I a knife, I would have torn him apart.
אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: אִילְמָלֵי דַּרְשֵׁיהּ אַחֵר לְהַאי קְרָא כְּרַבִּי יַעֲקֹב בַּר בְּרַתֵּיה – לָא חֲטָא. וְאַחֵר מַאי הוּא? אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: כִּי הַאי גַוְונָא חֲזָא. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: לִישָּׁנָא דְּחוּצְפִּית הַמְתוּרְגְּמָן חֲזָא דַּהֲוָה גָּרַיר לֵיהּ דָּבָר אַחֵר. אֲמַר: פֶּה שֶׁהֵפִיק מַרְגָּלִיּוֹת יְלַחֵךְ עָפָר?! נְפַק חֲטָא.
Rav Yosef said: Had Aḥer, literally Other, the appellation of the former Sage Elisha ben Avuya, interpreted this aforementioned verse: “That it may go well with you” (Deuteronomy 5:16), homiletically, as referring to the World-to-Come, as did Rabbi Ya’akov, son of his daughter, he would not have sinned. The Gemara asks: And what caused Aḥer to sin? There are those who say he saw a case like this, where a son went up to the roof on his father’s command, dispatched the mother bird, and then died. It was witnessing this episode that led Elisha ben Avuya astray. And there are those who say that he saw the tongue of Ḥutzpit the disseminator after the latter was executed by the government, thrown in the street, and dragged along by something else, a euphemism for a pig. He said: Shall a mouth that produced pearls lap up dirt? For this reason he went out and sinned.
רִבִּי מֵאִיר הֲוָה יְתִיב דְּרַשׁ בְּבֵית מִדְרָשָׁא דִטִיבֵּרִיָּה. עֲבַר אֱלישַׁע רַבֵּיהּ רְכִיב עַל סוּסְיָיא בְיוֹם שׁוּבְתָא. אֲתוֹן וְאָֽמְרוּן לֵיהּ. הָא רַבָּךְ לְבַר. פְּסַק לֵיהּ מִן דְּרָשָׁה וּנְפַק לְגַבֵּיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מַה הֲוִיתָה דְרַשׁ יוֹמָא דֵין. אָמַר לֵיהּ. וַֽי֙י בֵּרַ֛ךְ אֶת־אַֽחֲרִ֥ית וגו׳. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. וּמַה פָתַחְתָּ בֵיהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. וַיּוֹסֶף י֙י אֶת־כְָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְאִיּ֭וֹב לְמִשְׁנֶֽה׃ שֶׁכָּפַל לוֹ אֶת כָּל־מָמוֹנָוֹ. אֲמַר. ווַי דְּמוֹבְדִין וְלָא מַּשְׁכָּחִין. עֲקִיבָה רַבָּךְ לָא הֲוָה דְרַשׁ כֵּן. אֶלָּא וַֽי֙י בֵּרַ֛ךְ אֶת־אַֽחֲרִ֥ית אִיּ֭וֹב מֵרֵֽאשִׁיתוֹ. בִּזְכוּת מִצְוֹת וּמַעֲשִׂים טוֹבִים שֶׁהָיָה בְיָדוֹ מֵרֵאשִׁיתוֹ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. וּמַה הֲוִיתָה דְרִישׁ תּוּבָן. אָמַר לֵיהּ. ט֛וֹב אַֽחֲרִ֥ית דָּבָר֭ מֵרֵֽאשִׁית֑וֹ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. וּמַה פָתַחְתָּ בֵיהּ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. לְאָדָם שֶׁהוֹלִיד בָּנִים בְּנַעֲרוּתוֹ וָמֵתוּ. וּבְזִקְנוּתוֹ וְנִתְקַייְמוּ. הֲוֵי ט֛וֹב אַֽחֲרִ֥ית דָּבָר֭ מֵרֵֽאשִׁית֑וֹ. לְאָדָם שֶׁעָשָׂה סְחוֹרָה בְיַלְדּוּתוֹ וְהִפְסִיד. וּבְזִקְנוּתוֹ וְנִשְׂתַּכֵּר. הֲוִי ט֛וֹב אַֽחֲרִ֥ית דָּבָר֭ מֵרֵֽאשִׁית֑וֹ. לְאָדָם שֶׁלָּמַד תּוֹרָה בְנַעֲרוּתוֹ וּשְׁכָחָהּ. וּבְזִקְנוּתוֹ וְקִייְמָהּ. הֲוִי ט֛וֹב אַֽחֲרִ֥ית דָּבָר֭ מֵרֵֽאשִׁית֑וֹ. אֲמַר. ווַי דְּמוֹבְדִין וְלָא מַּשְׁכָּחִין. עֲקִיבָה רַבָּךְ לָא הֲוָה דְרַשׁ כֵּן. אֶלָּא ט֛וֹב אַֽחֲרִ֥ית דָּבָר֭ מֵרֵֽאשִׁית֑וֹ. בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא טוֹב מֵרֵאשִׁיתוֹ. וּבִי הָיָה הַמַּעֲשֶׂה. אַבּוּיָה אַבָּא מִגְּדוֹלֵי יִרושָׁלִַם הָיָה. בְּיוֹם שֶׁבָּא לְמוֹהֲלֵינִי קָרָא לְכָל־גְּדוֹלֵי יְרוּשָׁלִַם וְהוֹשִׁיבָן בְּבַיִת אֶחָד. וּלְרִבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר וּלְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּבַיִת אֶחָד. מִן דְּאָֽכְלוּן וְשָׁתוּן שְׁרוֹן מְטַפְּחִין וּמְרַקְּדִין. אֲמַר רִבִּי לִיעֶזֶר לְרִבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. עַד דְּאִינּוּן עֲסִיקִין בְּדִידוֹן נַעֲסוֹק אֲנָן בְּדִידָן. וְיָֽשְׁבוּ וְנִתְעַסְּקוּ בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה. מִן הַתּוֹרָה לַנְּבִיאִים וּמִן הַנְּבִיאִים לַכְּתוּבִים. וְיָֽרְדָה אֵשׁ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וְהִקִּיפָה אוֹתָם. אָמַר לָהֶן אַבּויָה. רַבּוֹתַיי. מַה בָאתֶם לִשְׂרוֹף אֶת בֵּיתִי עָלַי. אָֽמְרוּ לוֹ. חַס וְשָׁלוֹם. אֶלָּא יוֹשְׁבִין הָיִינוּ וְחוֹזְרִין בְּדִבְרֵי תוֹרָה. מִן הַתּוֹרָה לַנְּבִיאִים וּמִן הַנְּבִיאִים לַכְּתוּבִים. וְהָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים שְׁמֵיחִים כִּנְתִינָתָן מִסִּינַי. וְהָֽיְתָה הָאֵשׁ מְלַחֶכֶת אוֹתָן כִּלְחִיכָתָן מִסִּינַי. וְעִיקַּר נְתִינָתָן מִסִּינַי לֹא נִיתְנוּ בָאֵשׁ. וְהָהָ֗ר בּוֹעֵר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם. אָמַר לָהֶן אַבּויָה אַבָּא. רַבּוֹתַיי. אִם כָּךְ הִיא כּוֹחָהּ שֶׁלְתּוֹרָה. אִם נִתְקַיֵים לִי הַבֶּן הַזֶּה לַתּוֹרָה אֲנִי מַפְרִישׁוֹ. לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָֽיְתָה כַּוָּונָתוֹ לְשֵׁם שָׁמַיִם לְפִיכָךְ לֹא נִתְקַייְמוֹ בְּאוֹתוֹ הָאִישׁ. אָמַר לֵיהּ. וּמַה הֲוִיתָה דְרִשׁ תּוּבָן. אָמַר לֵיהּ. לֹא־יַעַרְכֶ֣נָּה זָ֭הָב וּזְכוֹכִ֑ית. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. וּמַה פָתַחְתָּ בֵיהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. דִּבְרֵי תוֹרָה קָשִׁין לִקְנוֹת כִּכְלֵי זָהָב וְנוֹחִין לָאַבֵּד כִּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית. וּמַה כְלֵי זָהָב וּכְלֵי זְכוּכִית אִם נִשְׁתַּבְּרוּ יָכוֹל הוּא לַחֲזוֹר וְלַעֲשׂוֹתָן כֵּלִים כְּמוֹ שֶׁהָיוּ. אַף תַּלְמִיד חָכָם שֶׁשָּׁכַח תַּלְמוּדוֹ יָכוֹל הוּא לַחֲזוֹר וּלְלַמְּדוֹ כַתָּחִילָּה. אָמַר לִיהּ. דַּייֶךָ מֵאִיר. עַד כָּאן תְּחוּם שַׁבָּת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מִן הֵן אַתְּ יְדַע. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. מִן טַלְפֵּי דְּסוּסַיי דַהֲוִינָא מַנִּי וְהוֹלֵךְ אַלְפַּיִים אַמָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. וְכָל־הָדָא חָכְמְתָא אִית בָּךְ וְלֵית אַתְּ חֲזַר בָּךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לֵית אֲנָא יְכִיל. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לָמָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. שֶׁפַּעַם אַחַת הָיִיתִי עוֹבֵר לִפְנֵי בֵית קוֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים רָכוּב עַל סוּסִי בְיוֹם הַכִּיפּוּרִים שֶׁחָל לִהְיוֹת בַּשַּׁבָּת וְשָׁמַעְתִּי בַּת קוֹל יוֹצֵאת מִבֵּית קוֹדֶשׁ הַקָּדָשִׁים וְאוֹמֶרֶת. שׁוּבוּ בָּנִים שׁוֹבָבִים. חוּץ מֵאֱלִישָׁע בֵּן אֲבוּיָה. שְׁיָּדַע כוֹחִי וּמָרַד בִּי. וְכָל־דָּא מִן הֵן אֲתַת לֵיהּ. אֶלָּא פַּעַם אַחַת הָיָה יוֹשֵׁב וְשׁוֹנֶה בְּבִקְעַת גִּינָיסַר. וְרָאָה אָדָם אֶחָד עָלָה לְרֹאשׁ הַדֶּקֶל וְנָטַל אֵם עַל הַבָּנִים. וְיָרַד מִשָּׁם בְּשָׁלוֹם. לְמָחָר רָאָה אָדָם אַחֵר שֶׁעָלָה לְרֹאשׁ הַדֶּקֶל. וְנָטַל אֶת הַבָּנִים וְשִׁילַּח אֶת הָאֵם. וְיָרַד מִשָּׁם וְהִכִּישׁוֹ נָחָשׁ וָמֵת. אָמַר. כָּתוּב שַׁלֵּ֤חַ תְּשַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־הָאֵ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבָּנִי֭ם תִּֽקַּֽח־לָ֑ךְ לְמַ֨עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ וְהַֽאֲרַכְתָּ֖ יָמִֽים׃ אֵיכָן הִיא טוֹבָתוֹ שֶׁלָּזֶה. אֵיכָן הִיא אֲרִיכוּת יָמָיו שֶׁלָּזֶה. וְלָא הָיָה יְדַע שְׁדְּרָשָׁהּ רִבִּי יַעֲקֹב לְפָנִים מִמֶּנּוּ. לְמַ֨עַן֙ יִ֣יטַב לָ֔ךְ. לְעוֹלָם הַבָּא שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ טוֹב. וְהַֽאֲרַכְתָּ֖ יָמִֽים. לְעָתִיד שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ אָרוֹךְ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים. עַל יְדֵי שֶׁרָאָה לְשׁוֹנוֹ שֶׁלְרִבִּי יְהוּדָה הַנַּחְתּוֹם נָתוּן בְּפִי הַכֶּלֶב שׁוֹתֵת דָּם. אָמַר. זוֹ תוֹרָה וְזוֹ שְׂכָרָהּ. זֶה הוּא הַלָּשׁוֹן שֵׁהָיָה מוֹצִיא דִבְרֵי תוֹרָה כְּתִיקֻּנָן. זֶהוּ הַלָּשׁוֹן שֵׁהָיָה יַגִּיעַ בַּתּוֹרָה כָל־יָמָיו. [זוֹ תוֹרָה וְזוֹ שְׂכָרָהּ.] דּוֹמֶה שֶׁאֵין מַתַּן שָׂכָר וְאֵין תְּחִייַת הַמֵּתִים. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים. אִמּוֹ כְּשֶׁהָֽיְתָה מְעוּבֶּרֶת בּוֹ הָֽיְתָה עוֹבֶרֶת עַל בָּתֵּי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה וְהֵרִיחָה מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין. וְהָיָה אוֹתוֹ הָרֵיחַ מְפַעְפֵּעַ בְּגוּפָהּ כְּאִירְסָהּ שֶׁלְחֲכִינָה. לְאַחַר יָמִים חָלָה אֱלִישַׁע. אָתוּן וְאָֽמְרוּן לְרִבִּי מֵאִיר. הָא רַבָּךְ בְּאִישּׁ. אֲזַל בָּעֵי מְבַקַּרְתֵּיהּ. וְאַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ בְּאִישׁ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. לֵית אַתְּ חֲזַר בָּךְ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. וְאִין חָֽזְרִין מִתְקַבְּלִין. אֲמַר לֵיהּ. וְלָא כֵן כְּתִיב. תָּשֵׁ֣ב אֱ֭נוֹשׁ עַד־דַּכָּ֑א. עַד דִּיכִדּוּכָהּ שֶׁלְנֶפֶשׁ מְקַבְּלִין. בְּאוֹתָהּ שָׁעָה בָּכָה אֱלִישַׁע וְנִפְטָר וָמֵת. וְהָיָה רִבִּי מֵאִר שָׂמֵחַ בְּלִיבּוֹ וְאוֹמֵר. דּוֹמֶה שְׁמִּתּוֹךְ תְּשׁוּבָה נִפְטָר רִבִּי. מִן דְּקָֽבְרוּנֵיהּ יָֽרְדָה הָאֵשׁ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וְשָֽׂרְפָה אֶת קִבְרוֹ. אָתוּן וְאָֽמְרוּן לְרִבִּי מֵאִיר. הָא קִיבְרֵיהּ דְּרַבָּךְ אַייְקַד. נְפַק בָּעֵי מְבַקַּרְתֵּיהּ. וְאַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ אַייְקַד. מַה עֲבַד. נְסַב גּוּלְתֵּיהּ וּפָֽרְסֵיהּ עֲלוֹי. אָמַר. לִ֣ינִי ׀ הַלַּ֗יְלָה וגו׳. לִינִי בָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה שֶׁדּוֹמֶה לַלַּיְלָה. וְהָיָ֤ה בַבּוֹקֶר. זֶה הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא שֶׁכּוּלּוֹ בּוֹקֶר. אִם־יִגְאָלֵ֥ךְ טוֹב֙ יִגְאָ֔ל. זֶה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁהוּא טוֹב. דִּכְתִיב בֵּיהּ טֽוֹב־י֙י לַכֹּ֑ל וְ֝רַֽחֲמָ֗יו עַל־כָּל־מַֽעֲשָֽׂיו׃ וְאִם־לֹ֨א יַחְפֹּ֧ץ לְגָֽאֳלֵ֛ךְ וּגְאַלְתִּ֥יךְ אָנֹ֖כִי חַי־ י֙י. וְאִיטְפִּייַת. אָמְרוּן לְרִבִּי מֵאִיר. אִין אָֽמְרוּן לָךְ בְּהַהוּא עָֽלְמָא. לְמָאן אַתְּ בָּעֵי לְמְבַקְּרָה. לְאָבוּךְ אוֹ לְרַבָּךְ. אֲמַר לוֹן. אֲנָא מִיקְרַב לְרִבִּי קָדְמַיי וּבָתָר כֵּן לְאַבָּא. אָֽמְרִין לֵיהּ. וּשְׁמָעִין לָךְ. אֲמַר לֹון. וְלָא כֵן תַּנִּינָן. מַצִּילִין תִּיק הַסֵּפֶר עִם הַסֵּפֶר, תִּיק תְּפִילִּין עִם הַתְּפִילִּין. מַצִּילִין לְאֱלִישַׁע אַחֵר בִּזִכוּת תּוֹרָתוֹ. לְאַחַר יָמִים הָֽלְכוּ בְנוֹתָיו לִיטּוֹל צְדָקָה מֵרִבִּי. גָּזַר רִבִּי וְאָמַר. אַל־יְהִי־ל֖וֹ מוֹשֵׁךְ חָ֑סֶד וְֽאַל־יְהִ֥י ח֝וֹנֵ֗ן לִיתוֹמָֽיו. אָֽמְרוּ לוֹ. רִבִּי. אַל תַּבֵּט בְּמַעֶשָׂיו. הַבֵּט בְּתוֹרָתוֹ. בְּאוֹתָהּ הַשָּׁעָה בָכָה רִבִּי וְגָזַר עֲלֵיהֶן שֶׁיִּתְפַּרְנְסוּ. אָמַר. מַה אִם זֶה שֶׁיָּגַע בַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁלֹּא לְשׁוּם שָׁמַיִם רְאוּ מַה הֶעֱמִיד. מִי שֶׁהוּא יָגֵעַ בַּתּוֹרָה לִשְׁמָהּ עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה.