Save "Chumash with Rashi Shemot
"
Chumash with Rashi Shemot
פרשת שמות
Parshas Shemos

(א) וְאֵ֗לֶּה שְׁמוֹת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הַבָּאִ֖ים מִצְרָ֑יְמָה אֵ֣ת יַעֲקֹ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵית֖וֹ בָּֽאוּ׃
(1) These are the names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob, each coming with his household:

ד"ה ואלה שמות בני ישראל


Q: Why does Hashem count the Children of Israel by their names after their deaths despite having counted them already during their lifetimes?

A: To demonstrate their preciousness.

(ה) וַֽיְהִ֗י כָּל־נֶ֛פֶשׁ יֹצְאֵ֥י יֶֽרֶךְ־יַעֲקֹ֖ב שִׁבְעִ֣ים נָ֑פֶשׁ וְיוֹסֵ֖ף הָיָ֥ה בְמִצְרָֽיִם׃
(5) The total number of persons that were of Jacob’s issue came to seventy, Joseph being already in Egypt.

ד"ה ויוסף היה במצרים


Q: Did becoming king of Egypt cause Yosef to decrease in his righteousness?

A: To emphasize how righteous Yosef was.

(ז) וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל פָּר֧וּ וַֽיִּשְׁרְצ֛וּ וַיִּרְבּ֥וּ וַיַּֽעַצְמ֖וּ בִּמְאֹ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַתִּמָּלֵ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֹתָֽם׃ (פ)
(7) But the Israelites were fertile and prolific; they multiplied and increased very greatly, so that the land was filled with them.

ד"ה וישרצו


Q: Why are the Jewish people described as "swarming" in the land of Egypt?

A: They bore six children at one time.

Q: What is the scriptural hint to the number of children they were having?

A: Six words describing the proflicacy of the Jewish people.

(ח) וַיָּ֥קָם מֶֽלֶךְ־חָדָ֖שׁ עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָדַ֖ע אֶת־יוֹסֵֽף׃
(8) A new king arose over Egypt who did not know Joseph.

Q: Was this king truly new?

A: Two possibilities:

  1. The king had a change of heart after Yosef died.
  2. A literally new king.
(י) הָ֥בָה נִֽתְחַכְּמָ֖ה ל֑וֹ פֶּן־יִרְבֶּ֗ה וְהָיָ֞ה כִּֽי־תִקְרֶ֤אנָה מִלְחָמָה֙ וְנוֹסַ֤ף גַּם־הוּא֙ עַל־שֹׂ֣נְאֵ֔ינוּ וְנִלְחַם־בָּ֖נוּ וְעָלָ֥ה מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
(10) Let us deal shrewdly with them, so that they may not increase; otherwise in the event of war they may join our enemies in fighting against us and rise from the ground.”

ד"ה נתחכמה לו


Q: Who did Pharaoh instruct his people to deal shrewdly with?

A: Two possibilities:

  1. With th Jews.
  2. With G-d.

Q: Why did Pharaoh choose water as his tool to torment the Jewish people?

A: Because they assumed that H' would not punish them water, because he already promised not to destroy the world with a flood.

(יג) וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃
(13) The Egyptians ruthlessly imposed upon the Israelites

ד"ה בפרך


Q: What does בפרך imply?

A: Hard work that crushes and brakes the body.

(טו) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת הָֽעִבְרִיֹּ֑ת אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ שִׁפְרָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית פּוּעָֽה׃
(15) The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah,

ד"ה שפרה


Q: What was her real name and why was she called Shifra?

A: She was Yocheved,and she would clean the babies after being born.

ד"ה פועה


Q: What was her real name and why was she called Puah?

A: She was Miriam, and she would "coo" at the babies to calm them down. "Puah" is cooing in Hebrew.

(טז) וַיֹּ֗אמֶר בְּיַלֶּדְכֶן֙ אֶת־הָֽעִבְרִיּ֔וֹת וּרְאִיתֶ֖ן עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם אִם־בֵּ֥ן הוּא֙ וַהֲמִתֶּ֣ן אֹת֔וֹ וְאִם־בַּ֥ת הִ֖יא וָחָֽיָה׃
(16) saying, “When you deliver the Hebrew women, look at the birthstool: if it is a boy, kill him; if it is a girl, let her live.”

ד"ה אם בן הוא וגו


Q: What did Pharaoh have against the boys - why did he decree that only boys be killed?

A: Their Astrologers said that a boy would come and save the Jewish people.

(כא) וַיְהִ֕י כִּֽי־יָֽרְא֥וּ הַֽמְיַלְּדֹ֖ת אֶת־הָאֱלֹקִ֑ים וַיַּ֥עַשׂ לָהֶ֖ם בָּתִּֽים׃
(21) And because the midwives feared God, He established households for them.

ד"ה ויעש להם בתים


Q: Which dynasty came from each of the midwives?

A: Yocheved had Chohanim, and Levim. Miraim had the Davidic dynasty.

(א) וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ אִ֖ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית לֵוִ֑י וַיִּקַּ֖ח אֶת־בַּת־לֵוִֽי׃
(1) A certain man of the house of Levi went and married a Levite woman.

ד"ה ויקח את בת לוי


Q: Who were these two?

A: Amram and Yocheved.

Q: Why did they get married (remarried)?

A: Miraim encouraged them. She said "you are worse than Pharoh, since this means no more girls either."

(ה) וַתֵּ֤רֶד בַּת־פַּרְעֹה֙ לִרְחֹ֣ץ עַל־הַיְאֹ֔ר וְנַעֲרֹתֶ֥יהָ הֹלְכֹ֖ת עַל־יַ֣ד הַיְאֹ֑ר וַתֵּ֤רֶא אֶת־הַתֵּבָה֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַסּ֔וּף וַתִּשְׁלַ֥ח אֶת־אֲמָתָ֖הּ וַתִּקָּחֶֽהָ
(5) The daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe in the Nile, while her maidens walked along the Nile. She spied the basket among the reeds and sent her slave girl to fetch it.

ד"ה את אמתה


Q: What did Batya send to get the basket?

A: Two possibilities:

1: A literal slave girl.

2: She outstretched her arm, and her lengthend.

(יא) וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֶל־אֶחָ֔יו וַיַּ֖רְא בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיַּרְא֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י מֵאֶחָֽיו׃
(11) Some time after that, when Moses had grown up, he went out to his kinsfolk and witnessed their labors. He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his kinsmen.

ד"ה וירא בסבלותם


Q: What was special about how Moshe saw the people's suffering?

A: Not only did he see their pain, he felt in his heart.

Make Egypt Great Again! Go back t

(יג) וַיֵּצֵא֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וְהִנֵּ֛ה שְׁנֵֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֥ים עִבְרִ֖ים נִצִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לָֽרָשָׁ֔ע לָ֥מָּה תַכֶּ֖ה רֵעֶֽךָ׃
(13) When he went out the next day, he found two Hebrews fighting; so he said to the offender, “Why do you strike your fellow?”

ד"ה שני אנשים עברים


Q: Who were the fighting men?

A: Dasan and Aveerim.

Q: What was another sin that they committed?

A: Leaving man until tommarow.

(טו) וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע פַּרְעֹה֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ לַהֲרֹ֣ג אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּבְרַ֤ח מֹשֶׁה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־מִדְיָ֖ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב עַֽל־הַבְּאֵֽר׃
(15) When Pharaoh learned of the matter, he sought to kill Moses; but Moses fled from Pharaoh. He arrived in the land of Midian, and sat down beside a well.

ד"ה וישב על הבאר


Q: Where did Moshe get the idea of waiting by the well?

A: He learned from yeekinv who met his wife at a well.

(כג) וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הָֽרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיָּ֙מָת֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֵּאָנְח֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִן־הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה וַיִּזְעָ֑קוּ וַתַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹקִ֖ים מִן־הָעֲבֹדָֽה׃
(23) A long time after that, the king of Egypt died. The Israelites were groaning under the bondage and cried out; and their cry for help from the bondage rose up to God.

ד"ה ויהי בימים הרבים ההם


Q: Why is the description of the Jewish groans reminding Hashem of his promise, juxtaposed to the story of the burning bush?

A: It was on the death of the Pharoh that Jews cried out.

ד"ה וימת מלך מצרים


Q: What was the 'death' experienced by the Pharaoh, and what was the prescribed treatment?

A: He was smitten with leprocy, the doctors prescribed the blood of Jewish babies.

(א) וּמֹשֶׁ֗ה הָיָ֥ה רֹעֶ֛ה אֶת־צֹ֛אן יִתְר֥וֹ חֹתְנ֖וֹ כֹּהֵ֣ן מִדְיָ֑ן וַיִּנְהַ֤ג אֶת־הַצֹּאן֙ אַחַ֣ר הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר וַיָּבֹ֛א אֶל־הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹקִ֖ים חֹרֵֽבָה׃
(1) Now Moses, tending the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, drove the flock into the wilderness, and came to Horeb, the mountain of God.

ד"ה אחר המדבר


Q: Why would Moshe bring his flocks all the way into the wilderness?

A: So they wouldn't steal.

(ב) וַ֠יֵּרָא מַלְאַ֨ךְ ה' אֵלָ֛יו בְּלַבַּת־אֵ֖שׁ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַסְּנֶ֑ה וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה הַסְּנֶה֙ בֹּעֵ֣ר בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְהַסְּנֶ֖ה אֵינֶ֥נּוּ אֻכָּֽל׃
(2) An angel of the LORD appeared to him in a blazing fire out of a bush. He gazed, and there was a bush all aflame, yet the bush was not consumed.

ד"ה מתוך הסנה


Q: Why did Hashem speak to Moshe from within a lowly thorn bush?

A: To show that he is with them, since he to feels lowly and oppressed.

(יא) וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָ֣אֱלֹקִ֔ים מִ֣י אָנֹ֔כִי כִּ֥י אֵלֵ֖ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְכִ֥י אוֹצִ֛יא אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃
(11) But Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and free the Israelites from Egypt?”

ד"ה מי אנכי


Q: Why did Moshe refuse to speak with Pharaoh?

A: He felt he was not important enough.

ד"ה וכי אוציא את ישראל


Q: What was his concern about the Jewish people?

A: That they wer unworthy of being saved.

(יב) וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ כִּֽי־אֶֽהְיֶ֣ה עִמָּ֔ךְ וְזֶה־לְּךָ֣ הָא֔וֹת כִּ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י שְׁלַחְתִּ֑יךָ בְּהוֹצִֽיאֲךָ֤ אֶת־הָעָם֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם תַּֽעַבְדוּן֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱלֹקִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָהָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃
(12) And He said, “I will be with you; that shall be your sign that it was I who sent you. And when you have freed the people from Egypt, you shall worship God at this mountain.”

ד"ה ויאמר כי אהיה עמך


Q: How did Hashem address Moshe fear of talking to Pharaoh?

A: Hashem says "I'm going with you, and I'm important."

Q: What sign did Hashem give that Moshe would be safe while fulfilling his mission?

A: This is for a sign, and Hashem means the Bernie bush. Just as this bush isn't being burned, so to you won't.

Q: Whe was it so important to save the Jews from Egypt?

A: When they would be saved, they would serve Hashem at the mountain.

Q: What would be the sign that that purpose would be fulfilled?

A: When they would be freed that would be the sign that they would worship at the moutian.

(יח) וְשָׁמְע֖וּ לְקֹלֶ֑ךָ וּבָאתָ֡ אַתָּה֩ וְזִקְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֗יִם וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֤ם אֵלָיו֙ ה' אֱלֹקֵ֤י הָֽעִבְרִיִּים֙ נִקְרָ֣ה עָלֵ֔ינוּ וְעַתָּ֗ה נֵֽלֲכָה־נָּ֞א דֶּ֣רֶךְ שְׁלֹ֤שֶׁת יָמִים֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר וְנִזְבְּחָ֖ה לַֽה' אֱלֹקֵֽינוּ׃

(18) They will listen to you; then you shall go with the elders of Israel to the king of Egypt and you shall say to him, ‘The LORD, the God of the Hebrews, manifested Himself to us. Now therefore, let us go a distance of three days into the wilderness to sacrifice to Hashem our God.’

ד"ה ושמעו לקולך


Q: What would cause the people to believe Moshe?

A: The language that Hashem commanded Moshe to relay to the people is, "I have surely remembered you". This is the very language used by Yaakov and later by Yosef when they described the coming redemption.

(י) וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶל־ה' בִּ֣י אדושם לֹא֩ אִ֨ישׁ דְּבָרִ֜ים אָנֹ֗כִי גַּ֤ם מִתְּמוֹל֙ גַּ֣ם מִשִּׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּ֛ם מֵאָ֥ז דַּבֶּרְךָ אֶל־עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ כִּ֧י כְבַד־פֶּ֛ה וּכְבַ֥ד לָשׁ֖וֹן אָנֹֽכִי׃

(10) But Moses said to Hashem, “Please, O Hashem, I have never been a man of words, either in times past or now that You have spoken to Your servant; I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.”

'ד"ה גם מתמול וגו


Q: What is the scriptural evidence that Moshe argued with Hashem for seven days?

A: There are three overt references to days past, then there is thrice the word also plus the day on which this conversation happened = seven days.

Q: Why was Moshe refusing the leadership of the Jewish people?

A: He felt Aharon deserved it more.

Q: How do we know that Aharon was a leader in Egypt?

A: In Samuel 1:2:27 "A man of Hashem says to Eli the Chohen "Thus says Hashem, I revealed myself to your father's house" " That must be Aharon.

(כד) וַיְהִ֥י בַדֶּ֖רֶךְ בַּמָּל֑וֹן וַיִּפְגְּשֵׁ֣הוּ ה' וַיְבַקֵּ֖שׁ הֲמִיתֽוֹ׃

(24) At a night encampment on the way, Hashem encountered him and sought to kill him.

ד"ה ויבקש המיתו


Q: Who attacked Moshe at the inn, and in which form?

A: An angel of Hashemin the form of a snake.

Q: Why would he deserve to die at this point?

A: Because he didn't fulfill Circumcision one they settled in the inn.

Q: Why did Moshe delay?

A: Because he was rushing to do the command of Hashem to save the Jewish people. One is absolved of a Mitzvah when he has to complete the first one. (Sleeping at an inn is not part of the Mitzvah.)

פרשת וארא
Parshas Va'era