Tzav צַ֤ו Leviticus, 6:1 - 8:36 Making Torah Personal - Revealed and Concealed through the letter Mem מ
Illumination of verses that refer to the nature of the word command, the idea of Redemption through Mashiach, Torah as Water, as well as the middah of Zerizut זריזות - Enthusiasm / Zeal
They taught the following explanation of this commandment: "Just as God is called 'Gracious,' you too must be gracious. Just as God is called 'Compassionate,' you too must be compassionate. Just as God is called 'Holy,' you too must be holy." In this way did the Prophets call God by many appellations: "Slow to anger," "Abundant in kindness," "Just and Fair," "Pure," "Mighty," and "Powerful," and similar to these - in order to demonstrate that these are good and proper ways and that a person is obligated to accustom himself to act according to them, to imitate God, according to his ability. ~Steinsaltz, translation of Mishneh Torah, Dispositions I:6
In Vayikra the focus was on the individual who brought offerings to the mishkan and the types of offerings. Parshat Tzav outlines the laws of the kohein (clothing, partaking of the korban) as well as a focus on keeping the fire burning. In this parsha, the number of verses (96) exactly matches the Gematria of Tzav (96).
SUMMARY
  • The portion goes over the details of the different sacrifices described in the previous parsha of Vayikra: Olah, Minchah, Shelamim, Chatat, Asham.
  • God speaks to Moses and commands Aaron and his sons listing their responsibilities (including clothing) and rights as kohanim who offer korbanot (offerings) in the Mishkan (Sanctuary).
  • The fire on the altar must be kept burning at all times.
  • The kohanim eat the meat of the sin and guilt offerings, and the remainder of the meal offering. The holy meat of the offerings must be eaten by ritually pure persons, in their designated holy place and within their specified time.
  • Moses initiates Aaron and his sons into priesthood during the “Seven days of Inauguration” (Adar 23–29), remaining in the sanctuary compound, as Moses had been instructed in the Parshah of Tetzaveh.

וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהֹוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃ צַ֤ו אֶֽת־אַהֲרֹן֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֣יו לֵאמֹ֔ר זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָעֹלָ֑ה הִ֣וא הָעֹלָ֡ה עַל֩ מוֹקְדָ֨הֿ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ כׇּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וְאֵ֥שׁ הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ תּ֥וּקַד בּֽוֹ׃

יהוה spoke to Moses, saying: Command Aaron and his sons thus: This is the ritual of the burnt offering: The burnt offering itself shall remain where it is burned upon the altar all night until morning, while the fire on the altar is kept going on it.

צו את אהרן. אֵין צַו אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן זֵרוּז מִיָּד וּלְדוֹרוֹת...

צו את אהרן COMMAND AARON — The expression “Command …!” always implies urging on to carry out a command, implying too, that it comes into force at once, and is binding upon future generations...

The expression tzav (“command”) implies an urging for now and for future generations. ~Torat Kohanim; Rashi

בְּרֵישׁ פָּרָשַׁת צַו כְּתִיב: "זֹאת תּוֹרַת הָעוֹלָה, הִיא הָעוֹלָה עַל מוֹקְדָהּ". פֵּרֵשׁ רַשִּׁ"י, זִכְרוֹנוֹ לִבְרָכָה: אֵין צַו אֶלָּא לְשׁוֹן זֵרוּז. אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: בְּיוֹתֵר צָרִיךְ הַכָּתוּב לְזָרֵז בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁיֵּשׁ חֶסְרוֹן כִּיס. עַד כָּאן לְשׁוֹנוֹ.

At the beginning of Parashas Tzav it is stated, “Command Aharon and his sons, saying, ‘This is the law of the burnt offering, this is the burnt offering upon the fire’” (Vayikra 6:2). Rashi comments, “The word ‘command’ signifies nothing other than the urging of zeal, as Rabbi Shimon observed, ‘It is especially necessary for Scripture to urge zeal in a place where there is financial loss.’”

In the past, other words were used to convey obligations: "and God Said"... "As Moses Spoke"...;those words, Daber and Emor reflect an intellectual component to fulfilling the command. Here, the word Tzav bypasses the intellect and goes to fulfilling the command out of obligation, enthusiasm to fulfill God's laws. ~Taught by Rabbi Aaron L. Raskin
The translation of "זֹ֥את תּוֹרַ֖ת הָעֹלָ֑ה" is "This is the Torah of the Olah (offering). Rabbi Shlomo Wolbe, a modern Mussar Master (1914 - 2005) noted that the "Torah" of the offerings was concerned with extremely detailed descriptions and concluded that this attention to details is an important message of the Torah: “This is the Torah of …” The details are referred to as Torah, and they give us the strength we need to battle our yetzer hara [evil inclination]"
The word מוקדה / מוקד [Moked, Mookdah} means flame, also to be focused [center, focus, hub, pivot] . The Hebrew root Mem-Kuf-Dalet מקד means target. This is the only place that this exact word is used in the Tanach.
The significance of the Mem: Parsha Tzav is read this year after the holiday of Purim, in anticipation of Pesach. At Purim, there are the mitzvot of Megillah [reading the scroll], Matanot L'evyonim [gifts of food to the needy], Mishloach Manot [gifts of food to close ones], and Seudah Mitzvah [a meal /feast]. Soon, the letter Mem (Gematria of 40) will take center stage at Pesach: Mitzrayim, Moshe, Magid, Maror, Matzah, Makkot, Miriam. There are two letters of Mem, one open and one closed: מ, ם representing the revealed and concealed. Both forms of the Mem are used in the word for water, מים. Water alludes to Torah and Moshiach, the end of days.
Why is the word mokdah (“pyre”) written in the Torah with a miniature mem? To teach us that the fire in one’s soul should be understated; it should burn within, but show nothing on the outside. ~The Rebbe of Kotzk
The open mem represents the revealed Torah and the closed mem represents the Torah's secrets. Talmud, Tractate Shabbat, 104a
אֵין מַיִם אֶלָּא תּוֹרָה "There is no water but Torah" Talmud, Tractate Baba Kamma 82a
The AriZal states: “It is a mitzvah to reveal the secrets of Torah.” Being that we now find ourselves in the Messianic era, it is not just permitted, it is an obligation to experience a fore­taste of the teachings of Mashiach, which are the secrets of the Torah. This level of Torah is represented by the closed mem. www.chabad.org {AriZal, Rabbi Isaac Luria, in Introduction to Etz Chayim. Sha'ar HaGilgulim.

היא העולה על מוקדה (ויקרא ו, ב). אמרו רז"ל (ויק"ר ז, ו) כל המתגאה נידון באש. זה הרמז העולה בגאות נידון על מוקדה:

היא העולה על מוקדה . Our sages (Vayikra Rabbah 7,6) say that anyone who brags or boasts will be judged by fire. This statement is rooted in our verse here, i.e. if someone is עולה, he will find himself on the מוקדה, on the site where things are apt to be burned.

(ט) לֹא־יָרֵ֥עוּ וְלֹֽא־יַשְׁחִ֖יתוּ בְּכׇל־הַ֣ר קׇדְשִׁ֑י כִּֽי־מָלְאָ֣ה הָאָ֗רֶץ דֵּעָה֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֔ה כַּמַּ֖יִם לַיָּ֥ם מְכַסִּֽים׃ {ס}

(9) In all of My sacred mount
Nothing evil or vile shall be done;
For the land shall be filled with devotion to GOD
As water covers the sea.

(יד) כִּ֚י תִּמָּלֵ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־כְּב֣וֹד יְהֹוָ֑ה כַּמַּ֖יִם יְכַסּ֥וּ עַל־יָֽם׃ {פ}

(14) For the earth shall be filled
With awe for GOD’s glory
As water covers the sea.

(ו) (לם רבה) [לְמַרְבֵּ֨ה] הַמִּשְׂרָ֜ה וּלְשָׁל֣וֹם אֵֽין־קֵ֗ץ עַל־כִּסֵּ֤א דָוִד֙ וְעַל־מַמְלַכְתּ֔וֹ לְהָכִ֤ין אֹתָהּ֙ וּֽלְסַעֲדָ֔הּ בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבִצְדָקָ֑ה מֵעַתָּה֙ וְעַד־עוֹלָ֔ם קִנְאַ֛ת יְהֹוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת תַּעֲשֶׂה־זֹּֽאת׃ {פ}

(6) In token of abundant authority
And of peace without limit
Upon David’s throne and kingdom,
That it may be firmly established
In justice and in equity
Now and evermore.
The zeal of GOD of Hosts
Shall bring this to pass.

וְלָבַ֨שׁ הַכֹּהֵ֜ן מִדּ֣וֹ בַ֗ד וּמִֽכְנְסֵי־בַד֮ יִלְבַּ֣שׁ עַל־בְּשָׂרוֹ֒ וְהֵרִ֣ים אֶת־הַדֶּ֗שֶׁן אֲשֶׁ֨ר תֹּאכַ֥ל הָאֵ֛שׁ אֶת־הָעֹלָ֖ה עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חַ וְשָׂמ֕וֹ אֵ֖צֶל הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ וּפָשַׁט֙ אֶת־בְּגָדָ֔יו וְלָבַ֖שׁ בְּגָדִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְהוֹצִ֤יא אֶת־הַדֶּ֙שֶׁן֙ אֶל־מִח֣וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה אֶל־מָק֖וֹם טָהֽוֹר׃

The priest shall dress in linen raiment, with linen breeches next to his body; and he shall take up the ashes to which the fire has reduced the burnt offering on the altar and place them beside the altar. He shall then take off his vestments and put on other vestments, and carry the ashes outside the camp to a pure place.

מדו בד. הִיא הַכֻּתֹּנֶת, וּמָה תַּ"ל מִדּוֹ? שֶׁתְּהֵא כְּמִדָּתוֹ (שם):

מדו בד HIS LINEN ROBE — this is what is elsewhere termed the כתונת, the undercoat; and why then is it here called מדו? To intimate that it (the כתונת) must be made to his measure (מדו from מדד to “measure”) (Sifra, Tzav, Chapter 2 1; Yoma 23b).

Rabbi Y. Chaver, student of the Vilna Gaon
The Gaon explains that “being particular about one’s robe” refers to the middot of a person, as it says, “The Kohen shall wear his garment [middo] of linen–to his precise measurement” This means he must mold his middot and turn them into holiness. T
ובמדרש (ויק"ר ז ו) אמרו, זאת תורת העולה הוא העולה על מוקדה כל המתגאה נידון באש כו' אין כוונתו להוציא מקרא זה מידי פשוטו ולפרש הוא העולה על האדם המתגאה, אלא שדעת מדרש זה לומר שהעולה מכפרת על גסות הרוח ויש לו קצת סיוע מן פסוק והעולה על רוחכם (יחזקאל כ לב) דהיינו על גסות הרוח, ע"כ דין העולה באש אשר טבעו לעלות, ע"כ אמר הוא העולה על מוקדה כי מוקד אש המזבח העולה למעלה הוא כפרה על הגס רוח העולה בגדולות ונפלאות ממנו.

In his linen garment. The Midrash interprets the verse: “It is the burntoffering (עולה) on its pyre” — anyone who is arrogant (= עולה) is judged with fire. That the עולה atones for arrogance is hinted in the verse (Yechezkel 20:32): “והעלה על רוחכם (lit. that which goes up upon your spirit).”

ועל כוונה זו הזכיר הרמת הדשן, כי התיקון הוא הדשן שיאמר ואנכי עפר ואפר כאברהם ואז ירום ונשא וגבה מאד כי כל המשפיל עצמו הקב"ה מגביהו וז"ש והרים את הדשן, ולזה פרט ב' בגדים אלו שילבש הכהן המכפר ולבש הכהן מדו בד כמדתו שלא יהיה בגד נשיאתו ארוך ממנו אלא כמדתו כי מאן דלבש מדא ילבש מדא (ברכות כח.) כמדתו ולא ילך בגדולות ובנפלאות ממנו ומכנסי בד. המכפרים על ג"ע כמ"ש רז"ל (עיין סוטה ד:) כל המתגאה כאלו בא על כל העריות כו', ושימת הדשן אצל המזבח כי גם המזבח מורה על גדר הענוה כמבואר למעלה פר' משפטים.

The Torah mentions ashes in this context because the rectification for arrogance is ashes, i.e., one should say, “I am dust and ashes,” like Avraham. This causes that he will be elevated to great heights, for anyone who lowers himself is lifted up by Hashem. Thus, the kohein making the atonement wears these two garments: The linen garment, according to his size, and not too big — to hint that one should not behave in a manner beyond his level. Secondly, the linen pants, which atone for the transgression of illicit relations, which he needs if he was arrogant, as Chazal said (Sotah 4b): Anyone who is arrogant is considered as if he transgressed all the illicit relations. The ashes are placed next to the altar, which represents humility.

וְהָאֵ֨שׁ עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ תּֽוּקַד־בּוֹ֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה וּבִעֵ֨ר עָלֶ֧יהָ הַכֹּהֵ֛ן עֵצִ֖ים בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֑קֶר וְעָרַ֤ךְ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ הָֽעֹלָ֔ה וְהִקְטִ֥יר עָלֶ֖יהָ חֶלְבֵ֥י הַשְּׁלָמִֽים׃ אֵ֗שׁ תָּמִ֛יד תּוּקַ֥ד עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּ֖חַ לֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃ {ס}

The fire on the altar shall be kept burning, not to go out: every morning the priest shall feed wood to it, lay out the burnt offering on it, and turn into smoke the fat parts of the offerings of well-being. A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the altar, not to go out.

קָם סָבָא חַד מִבָּתַר טוּלָא (כותלא), וְאָמַר רַבִּי רַבִּי בּוֹצִינָא קַדִּישָׁא, קוּם אַדְלֵיק שְׁרַגָּא דְאִיהִי מִצְוָה, שְׁכִינְתָּא קַדִּישָׁא, דַּעֲלָהּ אִתְּמַר (ויקרא ו ו) אֵשׁ תָּמִיד תּוּקַד עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לֹא תִכְבֶּה, וַעֲלָהּ אִתְּמַר (שמות כז כ) לְהַעֲלֹת נֵר תָּמִיד, נֵר יהו''ה אִתְקְרִיאַת וַדַּאי, אוֹר דְּנָהִיר בֵּיהּ נִשְׁמַת אָדָם, קוּם אַדְלֵיק בָּהּ.

An everlasting fire shall be kept burning on the altar, it should not be extinguished. And, on that it is also said: To light the eternal flame. This is surely the light of the divine, the light that shines within the soul of every person. Come, light it with her.

Those in whom this desire [for Divine service] does not burn as it should, would do well to stir themselves by force of will so that, as a result, this desire will become natural—for outer movements awaken inner desire. Mesillat Yesharim, Path of the Just, chapter 7 Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzatto (Mussar Master, 1707 - 1746)
If you conduct yourself with such enthusiasm and effort for the refinement of your body, in spite of its limitations in physicality, and despite your limited capacity to save it from damage or even to benefit it, how much more is it your duty to conduct yourself with such passion and effort for the refinement of your soul, which is so important and which you will be left with forever ---- which you were commanded to guide its matter, pursuing what will rectify it by acquiring wisdom and understanding,
Rabbi Ibn Pakuda, Duties of the Heart, 8th Treatise on Examining the Soul, 3:98
[Edited for clarity, Ruth Schapira]