Pekudai 5784 - Shabbat Afternoon
והנה עשו וגו' כן עשו. טעם שחזר לומר פעם ב' כן עשו, כי אומרו והנה עשו נמשכת למעלה וירא וגו' והנה היא עשויה פירוש גוף המעשה, והכוונה בזה שלא היה שיעור בזמן וראה שהנה עשאוהו בזמן מועט.
והנה עשו…כן עשו, and behold they had done it…so they had done. The additional word והנה in this verse alludes to the speed with which the Tabernacle was built, something that was very pleasing to Moses when he looked at the components the people presented him with.
ויברך אותם משה. טעם שהוצרך לומר משה ולא סמך על זכרונו בסמוך, לומר לא תהיה ברכה זו קלה בעיניך כי משה איש האלהים ברכם ודבר גדול הודיע הכתוב בדבר זה, ולטעם זה הוא שהודיע הכתוב ואמר ויברך אותם וזולת היות משה אין התורה מגדת אם יברך אדם לחבירו:
ויברך אותם משה, Moses blessed them. The reason the Torah wrote the name Moses instead of simply "he blessed them," (seeing that his name was mentioned at the beginning of our verse) is to teach us not to take this blessing lightly. It is something very special to be blessed by a man of G'd such as Moses. If the people had been blessed by someone of lesser stature the Torah would not have recorded this as something we have to know so many thousands of years later. Normally, the Torah could have written משה ברך אותם, or: הוא ברך אותם. By placing the name Moses at the end of the line the Torah taught us the significance of being blessed by someone of Moses' standing.
עוד ירצה על פי דבריהם ז"ל (זבחים ס"ב.) כי יש פרטי המצות שאינם לעיכוב אלא למצוה ומנו חכמים דברים המעכבים זה את זה, והודיע הכתוב בכפל המעשה לומר שעשו כל אשר צוה אפילו דברים שאינם אלא למצוה מן המובחר:
If we follow the approach of the Talmud Zevachim 62 that every commandment contains details which are not mandatory but which are desirable, the Torah tells us that the artisans performed even all those details which were not mandatory. This explains why the Torah repeated the word עשו, they did, i.e. the artisans did both what was mandatory and what was in effect optional.
ויברך אתם משה. אָמַר לָהֶם יְהִי רָצוֹן שֶׁתִּשְׁרֶה שְׁכִינָה בְמַעֲשֵׂה יְדֵיכֶם, וִיהִי נֹעַם ה' אֱלֹהֵינוּ עָלֵינוּ וְגוֹ', וְהוּא אֶחָד מִי"א מִזְמוֹרִים שֶׁבִּתְפִלָּה לְמֹשֶׁה (ספרא):
ויברך אתם משה AND MOSES BLESSED THEM — He said to them “May it be the will of God that His Shechinah rest upon the work of your hands; ‘and let the beauty of the Lord our God be upon us and establish Thou the work of our hands upon us’” (Psalms 90:17.) (Sifra, Shemini, Mechilta d'Miluim 2 15) This (from ויהי נועם onward) is part of one of the eleven Psalms (90—100) that are in the section beginning with, תפלה למשה; (Numbers Rabbah 12:9).
כולם הסכימו כי המשכן הוא תבנית העולמות והשתלשלותם, ובמדרש רבה פרשת תרומה (לג, ד) פתח ר' ברכיה (דה"א כט, יא) לך ה' הגדולה כו' עיין שם. ובמדרש תנחומא בפרשת אלה פקודי המשכן (ב), זהו שאמר הכתוב (תהלים כו, ח) ה' אהבתי מעון ביתך, זה ההיכל, שהוא מכוון במקום משכן כבודך. אמר רשב"י זאת אומרת שההיכל של מטה מכוון כנגד היכל של מעלה, שנאמר (שמות טו, יז) מכון לשבתך פעלת ה' מקדש ה' כוננו ידיך. אמר רבי יעקב בר אסי למה הוא אומר ה' אהבתי מעון ביתך ומקום משכן כבודך, בשביל ששקול כנגד בריאת העולם. כיצד, בראשון כתיב (בראשית א, א) בראשית ברא אלהים את השמים ואת הארץ, וכתיב (תהלים קד, ב) נוטה שמים כיריעה. ובמשכן מה כתיב, (שמות כו, ז) ועשית יריעות עזים. בשני (בראשית א, ו) יהי רקיע, ואומר בהן הבדלה שנאמר (שם) ויהי מבדיל בין מים למים. ובמשכן כתיב, (שמות כו, לג) והבדילה הפרוכת לכם. בשלישי כתיב מים שנאמר (בראשית א, ט) יקוו המים. ובמשכן כתיב (שמות ל, יח) ועשית כיור נחושת וכנו נחושת ונתת שמה מים. ברביעי ברא מאורות דכתיב (בראשית א, יד) יהי מאורות ברקיע השמים. ובמשכן כתיב (שמות כה, לא) ועשית מנורת זהב. בחמישי ברא עופות שנאמר (בראשית א, כ) ישרצו המים נפש חיה ועוף יעופף. ובמשכן כנגדן לעשות קרבנות כבשים ועופות, ובמשכן היו הכרובים פורשי כנפים למעלה. בששי נברא אדם שנאמר (בראשית א, כז) ויברא אלהים את האדם בצלמו, בכבוד יוצרו. ובמשכן כתיב אדם שהוא כהן גדול שנמשח לשמש לפני ה'. בשביעי (שם ב, א) ויכלו השמים והארץ וכל צבאם. ובמשכן (שמות לט, לב) ותכל כל עבודת. בבריאת העולם כתיב (בראשית ב, ג) ויברך אלהים. ובמשכן כתיב (שמות לט, מג) ויברך אותם משה. בבריאת העולם כתיב (בראשית ב, ב) ויכל אלהים. ובמשכן כתיב (במדבר ז, א) ויהי ביום כלות. בבריאת העולם כתיב (בראשית ב, ג) ויקדש אותו. ובמשכן כתיב (במדבר ז, א) וימשח אותו ויקדש אותו:
All our sages agree that the Tabernacle was a microcosm of the macrocosm, that it reflected to the extent possible, structures and concepts and their development prevalent in the Celestial Regions, though those "structures" and concepts are, of course, abstract. Midrash Rabbah Terumah 33,4 commenting on Chronicles I 29,11: "Yours, O Lord are greatness, might, splendour, triumph, and majesty-- yes all that is in Heaven and earth," quotes Rabbi Berechyah; he sees this as proof that G–d transferred His residence to the Tabernacle. There is also a Midrash Tanchuma on Parshat Pekudey which quotes Psalms 26,8: "O Lord, I love Your temple abode, the dwelling-place of Your glory," as proof that the residence of G–d on earth corresponds to the one He has in the Celestial Regions. Its construction was also a repetition of the process of creation. This is derived from the text of the Bible in Genesis 1,1: "At the beginning G–d created the heaven and the earth," whereas we read in Psalms 104,2: "You spread the heavens like a tent cloth." The Tabernacle was also covered by tent cloth as per Exodus 26,1: "You shall make the Tabernacle from ten strips of tent cloth." When describing what happened on the second day of creation, the Torah speaks about a firmament which is to separate the "upper" waters from the "lower" waters (Genesis 1,6), whereas when giving the instructions for building the Tabernacle the Torah directs that the "curtain shall divide between the Sanctuary and the Holy of Holies" (Exodus 26,33). The Torah, relating the work G–d performed on the third day of creation, mentions that the waters are to be gathered into one area (Genesis 1,9), whereas during the construction of the Tabernacle the Torah commands the construction of a copper basin into which all the water is to be poured (Exodus 30,18). On the fourth day of creation the Torah reports the construction of the great luminaries (Genesis 1,14), whereas the Torah commands the construction of a lampstand as part of the furnishings of the Tabernacle (Exodus 25,31). On the fifth day of creation G–d created the birds, etc. (Genesis 1,20), whereas in the Tabernacle the Torah commands that the cherubs on the lid of the Holy Ark be equipped with wings, bird-like (Exodus 25,20). Sacrifices of birds are also prescribed to be offered up in the Tabernacle. On the sixth day of creation G–d created man in His own image to reflect the glory of his Creator (Genesis 1,27), whereas in the Tabernacle a human being, the High Priest, was to be anointed and consecrated to parallel in this microcosm the function of man in the macrocosm in this microcosm. On the seventh day of creation, the universe is described as having been completed (Genesis 2,1); we find a similar expression when the Torah describes the construction of the Tabernacle as having been completed (Exodus 39,32). When the universe was completed G–d blessed it (Genesis 1,28-2,3), whereas when the Tabernacle was completed Moses blessed it (Exodus 39,43). When the universe was completed the Torah uses the term ויכל to describe the completion (Genesis 2,2); when the Tabernacle was completed the Torah uses the same expression (Exodus 40,33 and Numbers 7,1). When the universe was completed G–d sanctified it (Genesis 2,3); when the construction of the Tabernacle was completed the Torah also relates that Moses anointed and sanctified it (Numbers 7,1).

I am tempted to end here and leave Jacob with this moment of triumph, but I would be remiss if I did not note that next week’s parashah tells of Jacob’s struggle with an angel and subsequent renaming. Jacob, now Israel, discovers that even a stable sense of self is subject to change and that the work of becoming who we are is always a work in progress. Having successfully become Jacob, God sees that he is ready to become Israel. Having found himself, Jacob is called to found a nation. Jacob’s story is a reminder to us to not only recognize our successes, but also celebrate the new challenges that arise from those successes. The reward for a job well done, after all, is another job. May we merit success in the works of our lives and use those achievements to inspire us to even greater heights.

Parker Palmer, The Active Life: A Spirituality of Work, Creativity, and Caring “Active Life as Blessing and Curse,” pages 9-11

…But for me, and for many people that I know, these ordinary activities [work, creativity, caring] contain an extraordinary mix of blessing and curse. The blessing is obvious, especially when we lose the chance or the capacity to do these ordinary things: the active life makes it possible for us to discover ourselves and our world, to rest and extend our powers, to connect with other beings, to co-create a common reality. The joys of action are known to everyone who has done a job well, made something of beauty, given time and energy to a just cause. Take away the opportunity to work, to create, or to care – as our society does to too many people – and you have deprived someone of a chance to feel fully human.

…But the active life also carries a curse. Many of us know what it is to live lives not of action but of frenzy, to go from day to day exhausted and unfulfilled by our attempts to work, create, and care. Many of us know the violence of active life, a violence we sometimes inflict on ourselves and sometimes inflict on our world. In action, we project our spirits outside ourselves. Sometimes we project shadows which do damage to others, and sometimes we project light that others want to extinguish. Action poses some of our deepest spiritual crises as well as some of our most heartfelt joys.

וְהִסְכִּימָה דַּעְתּוֹ לְדַעַת הַמָּקוֹם, דִּכְתִיב: ״אֲשֶׁר שִׁבַּרְתָּ״, וְאָמַר רֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמֹשֶׁה: יִישַׁר כֹּחֲךָ שֶׁשִּׁבַּרְתָּ.
And his perception agreed with the perception of the Omnipresent, as it is written: “The first tablets that you broke [asher shibbarta]” (Exodus 34:1), and Reish Lakish said: The word asher is an allusion to the fact that the Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Moses: May your strength be true [yishar koḥakha] that you broke the tablets.

We see towards the end of the creation story, God says “it is not good for man to be alone.” What does this statement of “not good” mean? The Gemara in Yevamot (62b- 63a) gives two different ideas. One is that “not good”, means that a person has no joy or happiness in life if they are alone (ie. not married). The other idea brought is that it is just difficult physically to be alone. There is a lot to do in the world, and there is no way to actually accomplish EVERYTHING without some help, be that from a partner, friends or family. It is Seforno, a 15th Century Italian Biblical commentator, who teaches that if we only had time or energy to devote to ourselves, we would not be able to live up to “being in His likeness and image.” That somehow, even though God in alone in the “upper world”, in order for us in the “lower world” to maintain that holiness, we need to be with others. Not only do we need other people to help us, but we need to be helping others so that they too can achieve goodness.