Save "Torah Study for Women's Retreat: Tending to the Heart
"
Torah Study for Women's Retreat: Tending to the Heart
(ב) דַּבֵּר֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְיִקְחוּ־לִ֖י תְּרוּמָ֑ה מֵאֵ֤ת כׇּל־אִישׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִדְּבֶ֣נּוּ לִבּ֔וֹ תִּקְח֖וּ אֶת־תְּרוּמָתִֽי׃
(2) Tell the Israelite people to bring Me gifts; you shall accept gifts for Me from every person whose heart is so moved.

(יב) לֵ֣ב טָ֭הוֹר בְּרָא־לִ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְר֥וּחַ נָ֝כ֗וֹן חַדֵּ֥שׁ בְּקִרְבִּֽי׃ (יג) אַל־תַּשְׁלִיכֵ֥נִי מִלְּפָנֶ֑יךָ וְר֥וּחַ קׇ֝דְשְׁךָ֗ אַל־תִּקַּ֥ח מִמֶּֽנִּי׃ (יד) הָשִׁ֣יבָה לִּ֭י שְׂשׂ֣וֹן יִשְׁעֶ֑ךָ וְר֖וּחַ נְדִיבָ֣ה תִסְמְכֵֽנִי׃

(12) Fashion a pure heart for me, O God; renew in me a right spirit. (13) Do not cast me out of Your presence, or take Your holy spirit away from me. (14) Let me again rejoice in Your salvation; let a willing spirit sustain me.

(יט) קָר֣וֹב יְ֭הֹוָה לְנִשְׁבְּרֵי־לֵ֑ב וְֽאֶת־דַּכְּאֵי־ר֥וּחַ יוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃

(19) YHVH is close to the brokenhearted; those crushed in spirit God delivers (saves).

(ג) הָ֭רֹפֵא לִשְׁב֣וּרֵי לֵ֑ב וּ֝מְחַבֵּ֗שׁ לְעַצְּבוֹתָֽם׃ (ד) מוֹנֶ֣ה מִ֭סְפָּר לַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים לְ֝כֻלָּ֗ם שֵׁמ֥וֹת יִקְרָֽא׃

(3) Healer of the broken-hearted, and binder of their wounds. (4) (God) counts the number of the stars; God calls them all by their names.

(טו) וְיַ֤יִן ׀ יְשַׂמַּ֬ח לְֽבַב־אֱנ֗וֹשׁ לְהַצְהִ֣יל פָּנִ֣ים מִשָּׁ֑מֶן וְ֝לֶ֗חֶם לְֽבַב־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ יִסְעָֽד׃

(15) wine that cheers the heart of the human being, bLit. “to make the face shine from oil.”oil that makes the face shine,-b and bread that sustains a person's life.

(כו) וְנָתַתִּ֤י לָכֶם֙ לֵ֣ב חָדָ֔שׁ וְר֥וּחַ חֲדָשָׁ֖ה אֶתֵּ֣ן בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם וַהֲסִ֨רֹתִ֜י אֶת־לֵ֤ב הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ מִבְּשַׂרְכֶ֔ם וְנָתַתִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם לֵ֥ב בָּשָֽׂר׃
(26) And I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit into you: I will remove the heart of stone from your body and give you a heart of flesh;
(ג) וְלֹא־נָתַן֩ יְהֹוָ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם לֵב֙ לָדַ֔עַת וְעֵינַ֥יִם לִרְא֖וֹת וְאׇזְנַ֣יִם לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃
(3) Yet to this day יהוה has not given you a mind to understand or eyes to see or ears to hear.

(כא) רַבּ֣וֹת מַחֲשָׁב֣וֹת בְּלֶב־אִ֑ישׁ וַעֲצַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה הִ֣יא תָקֽוּם׃

(21) Many designs (thoughts) are in a person's mind, But it is YHVH's plan that is accomplished.

דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי, הַלֵּב רוֹאֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְלִבִּי רָאָה הַרְבֵּה. הַלֵּב שׁוֹמֵעַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א ג, ט): וְנָתַתָּ לְעַבְדְּךָ לֵב שֹׁמֵעַ. הַלֵּב מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי. הַלֵּב הוֹלֵךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב ה, כו): לֹא לִבִּי הָלַךְ. הַלֵּב נוֹפֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א יז, לב): אַל יִפֹּל לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו. הַלֵּב עוֹמֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל כב, יד): הֲיַעֲמֹד לִבֵּךְ. הַלֵּב שָׂמֵחַ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים טז, ט): לָכֵן שָׂמַח לִבִּי וַיָּגֶל כְּבוֹדִי. הַלֵּב צוֹעֵק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (איכה ב, יח): צָעַק לִבָּם אֶל ה'. הַלֵּב מִתְנַחֵם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה מ, ב): דַּבְּרוּ עַל לֵב יְרוּשָׁלָיִם. הַלֵּב מִצְטָעֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים טו, י): וְלֹא יֵרַע לְבָבְךָ. הַלֵּב מִתְחַזֵּק, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמות ט, יב): וַיְחַזֵּק ה' אֶת לֵב פַּרְעֹה. הַלֵּב מִתְרַכֵּךְ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כ, ג): אַל יֵרַךְ לְבַבְכֶם. הַלֵּב מִתְעַצֵּב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית ו, ו): וַיִתְעַצֵּב אֶל לִבּוֹ. הַלֵּב מִתְפַּחֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כח, סז): מִפַּחַד לְבָבְךָ. הַלֵּב מִשְּׁתַּבֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים נא, יט): לֵב נִשְׁבָּר וְנִדְכֶּה. הַלֵּב מִתְגָּאֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ח, יד): וְרָם לְבָבֶךָ. הַלֵּב מְסָרֵב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה ה, כג): וְלָעָם הַזֶּה הָיָה לֵב סוֹרֵר וּמוֹרֶה. הַלֵּב מִתְבַּדֶּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים א יב, לג): בַּחֹדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר בָּדָא מִלִּבּוֹ. הַלֵּב מְהַרְהֵר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כט, יח): כִּי בִּשְׁרִרוּת לִבִּי אֵלֵךְ. הַלֵּב מְרַחֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מה, ב): רָחַשׁ לִבִּי דָּבָר טוֹב. הַלֵּב מְחַשֵּׁב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי יט, כא): רַבּוֹת מַחֲשָׁבוֹת בְּלֶב אִישׁ. הַלֵּב מִתְאַוֶּה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים כא, ג): תַּאֲוַת לִבּוֹ נָתַתָּ לוֹ. הַלֵּב סוֹטֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ז, כה): אַל יֵשְׂטְ אֶל דְּרָכֶיהָ לִבֶּךָ. הַלֵּב זוֹנֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר טו, לט): וְלֹא תָתוּרוּ אַחֲרֵי לְבַבְכֶם וגו'. הַלֵּב נִסְעָד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח, ה): וְסַעֲדוּ לִבְּכֶם. הַלֵּב נִגְנָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית לא, כ): וַיִּגְנֹב יַעֲקֹב אֶת לֵב לָבָן. הַלֵּב נִכְנָע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כו, מא): אוֹ אָז יִכָּנַע לְבָבָם. הַלֵּב מִשְׁתַּדֵּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית לד, ג): וַיְדַבֵּר עַל לֵב הַנַּעֲרָה. הַלֵּב תּוֹעֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ישעיה כא, ד): תָּעָה לְבָבִי. הַלֵּב חָרֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א ד, יג): כִּי הָיָה לִבּוֹ חָרֵד. הַלֵּב נֵעוֹר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ה, ב): : אֲנִי יְשֵׁנָה וְלִבִּי עֵר. הַלֵּב אוֹהֵב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו, ה): וְאָהַבְתָּ אֵת ה' אֱלֹהֶיךָ בְּכָל לְבָבְךָ. הַלֵּב שׂוֹנֵא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא יט, יז): לֹא תִשְׂנָא אֶת אָחִיךָ בִּלְבָבֶךָ. הַלֵּב מְקַנֵּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כג, יז): אַל יְקַנֵּא לִבְּךָ וגו'. הַלֵּב נֶחְקָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה יז, י): אֲנִי ה' חֹקֵר לֵב וגו'. הַלֵּב נִקְרָע, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יואל ב, יג): וְקִרְעוּ לְבַבְכֶם וְאַל בִּגְדֵיכֶם. הַלֵּב הוֹגֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים מט, ד): וְהָגוּת לִבִּי תְבוּנוֹת. הַלֵּב הוּא כָּאֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה כ, ט): וְהָיָה בְלִבִּי כְּאֵשׁ. הַלֵּב הוּא כָּאֶבֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יחזקאל לו, כו): וַהֲסִרֹתִי אֶת לֵב הָאֶבֶן. הַלֵּב שָׁב בִּתְשׁוּבָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (מלכים ב כג, כה): אֲשֶׁר שָׁב אֶל ה' בְּכָל לְבָבוֹ. הַלֵּב חַם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים יט, ו): כִּי יֵחַם לְבָבוֹ. הַלֵּב מֵת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א כה, לז): וַיָּמָת לִבּוֹ בְּקִרְבּוֹ. הַלֵּב נָמֵס, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (יהושע ז, ה): וַיִּמַּס לְבַב הָעָם. הַלֵּב מְקַבֵּל דְּבָרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים ו, ו): וְהָיוּ הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה אֲשֶׁר אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם עַל לְבָבֶךָ. הַלֵּב מְקַבֵּל יִרְאָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה לב, מ): וְאֶת יִרְאָתִי אֶתֵּן בִּלְבָבָם. הַלֵּב מוֹדֶה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים קיא, א): אוֹדֶה ה' בְּכָל לֵבָב. הַלֵּב חוֹמֵד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ו, כה): אַל תַּחְמֹד יָפְיָהּ בִּלְבָבֶךָ. הַלֵּב מִתְקַשֶּׁה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי כח, יד): וּמַקְשֶׁה לִבּוֹ. הַלֵּב מֵטִיב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שופטים טז, כה): וַיְהִי כְּטוֹב לִבָּם, הַלֵּב עוֹשֶׂה מִרְמָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי יב, כ): מִרְמָה בְּלֵב חֹרְשֵׁי רָע. הַלֵּב מִתּוֹכוֹ מְדַבֵּר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שמואל א א, יג): וְחַנָּה הִיא מְדַבֶּרֶת עַל לִבָּהּ. הַלֵּב אוֹהֵב שֹׁחַד, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ירמיה כב, יז): כִּי אֵין עֵינֶיךָ וְלִבְּךָ וגו'. הַלֵּב כּוֹתֵב דְּבָרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ג, ג): כָּתְבֵם עַל לוּחַ לִבֶּךָ. הַלֵּב חוֹרֵשׁ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ו, יד): תַּהְפֻּכוֹת בְּלִבּוֹ חֹרֵשׁ רָע. הַלֵּב מְקַבֵּל מִצְווֹת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי י, ח): חֲכַם לֵב יִקַּח מִצְוֹת. הַלֵּב עוֹשֶׂה זָדוֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (עובדיה א, ג): זְדוֹן לִבְּךָ הִשִּׁיאֶךָ. הַלֵּב עוֹשֶׂה סְדָרִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי טז, א): לְאָדָם מַעַרְכֵי לֵב. הַלֵּב מִתְגַּדֵּל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברי הימים ב כה, יט): וּנְשָׂאֲךָ לִבְּךָ. הֱוֵי דִּבַּרְתִּי אֲנִי עִם לִבִּי לֵאמֹר אֲנִי הִנֵּה הִגְדַּלְתִּי וגו'.
“I have spoken with my heart, saying: Behold, I have amassed and added wisdom, beyond all who were before me over Jerusalem; my heart has seen much wisdom and knowledge” (Ecclesiastes 1:16).
“I have spoken with my heart” – the hearts sees, as it is stated: “My heart has seen much.” The heart hears, as it is stated; “Give your servant an understanding [shome’a] heart” (I Kings 3:9). The heart speaks, as it is stated: “I have spoken with my heart.” The heart goes, as it is stated: “Didn’t my heart go?” (II Kings 5:26). The heart falls, as it is stated: “Let no man’s heart fall” (I Samuel 17:32). The heart stands, as it is stated: “Will your heart endure [haya’amod]” (Ezekiel 22:14). The heart rejoices, as it is stated: “Therefore, my heart rejoices” (Psalms 16:9). The heart cries out, as it is stated: Their heart cried out to the Lord” (Lamentations 2:18). The heart is consoled, as it is stated: “Speak to the heart of Jerusalem” (Isaiah 40:2). The heart grieves, as it is stated: “Your heart shall not be grieved” (Deuteronomy 15:10). The heart hardens, as it is stated: “The Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart” (Exodus 9:12). The heart softens [mitrakekh], as it is stated: “Let your heart not be faint” (Deuteronomy 20:3). The heart is saddened, as it is stated: “He was saddened in His heart” (Genesis 6:6). The heart fears, as it is stated: “From the fear of your heart” (Deuteronomy 28:67). The heart breaks, as it is stated: “A broken and contrite heart” (Psalms 51:19). The heart becomes conceited, as it is stated: “Your heart will grow haughty” (Deuteronomy 8:14). The heart is recalcitrant, as it is stated: “But this people had a revolting and rebellious heart” (Jeremiah 5:23). The heart fabricates, as it is stated: “The month that he fabricated from his heart” (I Kings 12:33). The heart contemplates, as it is stated: “[I will have peace] though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart” (Deuteronomy 29:18). The heart overflows, as it is stated: “My heart overflows with goodly matter” (Psalms 45:2). The heart calculates [meḥashev], as it is stated: “Many are the thoughts [maḥshavot] in the heart of man” (Proverbs 19:21). The heart desires, as it is stated: “The desire of his heart You have granted him” (Psalms 21:3). The heart deviates, as it is stated: “Let your heart not turn aside to her ways” (Proverbs 7:25). The heart strays, as it is stated: “You shall not follow after your heart…[after which you stray]” (Numbers 15:39). The heart is sustained, as it is stated: “And sustain your heart” (Genesis 18:5). The heart is stolen, as it is stated: “Jacob stole the heart of Laban” (Genesis 31:20). The heart is humbled, as it is stated: “Perhaps then their hearts will be humbled” (Leviticus 26:41). The heart is enticed, as it is stated: “He spoke soothingly to the young woman” (Genesis 34:3). The heart goes astray, as it is stated: “My heart has gone astray” (Isaiah 21:4). The heart trembles, as it is stated: “For his heart was trembling” (I Samuel 4:13). The heart awakens, as it is stated: “I am asleep but my heart is awake” (Song of Songs 5:2). The heart loves, as it is stated: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart” (Deuteronomy 6:5). The heart hates, as it is stated: “Do not hate your brother in your heart” (Leviticus 19:17). The heart envies, as it is stated: “Let your heart not envy…” (Proverbs 23:17). The heart is searched, as it is stated: “I the Lord search the heart…” (Jeremiah 17:10). The heart is rent, as it is stated: “Rend your heart and not your garments” (Joel 2:13). The heart meditates, as it is stated: “The meditation of my heart will be understanding” (Psalms 49:4). The heart is like fire, as it is stated: “My heart will be like fire” (Jeremiah 20:9). The heart is like stone, as it is stated: “I will remove the heart of stone” (Ezekiel 36:26). The heart repents, as it is stated: “Who returned to the Lord with all his heart” (II Kings 23:25). The heart is incensed, as it is stated: “For his heart is incensed” (Deuteronomy 19:6). The heart dies, as it is stated: “His heart died within him” (I Samuel 25:37). The heart melts, as it is stated “The heart of the people melted” (Joshua 7:5). The heart absorbs matters, as it is stated: “These matters that I command you today shall be upon your heart” (Deuteronomy 6:6). The heart absorbs fear, as it is stated: “I will place My fear in their hearts” (Jeremiah 32:40). The heart thanks, as it is stated: “I will thank my Lord with all my heart” (Psalms 111:1). The heart covets, as it is stated: “Do not covet her beauty in your heart” (Proverbs 6:25). The heart is toughened, as it is stated: “And one who toughens his heart” (Proverbs 28:14). The heart becomes merry, as it is stated: “It was when their hearts were merry” (Judges 16:25). The heart deceives, as it is stated: “Deceit is in the heart of those who devise evil” (Proverbs 12:20). The heart speaks from within, as it is stated: “Hannah was speaking in her heart” (I Samuel 1:13). The heart loves a bribe, as it is stated: “Your eyes and your heart [are only on your ill-gotten gain]” (Jeremiah 22:17). The heart writes matters, as it is stated: “Write them on the tablet of your heart” (Proverbs 3:3). The heart devises, as it is stated: “Duplicity is in his heart, he devises evil” (Proverbs 6:14). The heart absorbs mitzvot, as it is stated: “The wise of heart will grasp mitzvot (Proverbs 10:8). The heart acts with malice, as it is stated: “The malice of your heart deceived you” (Obadiah 1:3). The heart arranges, as it is stated: “To a person are the arrangements of the heart” (Proverbs 16:1). The heart glorifies, as it is stated: “Your heart has glorified you” (II Chronicles 25:19). That is, “I have spoken with my heart, saying: Behold, I have amassed…”
David Steinberg (from Where is Your Heart?)
In Biblical Hebrew, לב= heart can have these meanings and is commonly, is used to mean:
  • The total personality of a person. Most particularly for the inner self - what it means to be human – personality/inclination
  • intellect, rational thought (metaphorically “the brain” in English)
  • memory,
  • emotions,
  • desire, will, determination,
  • courage
Heart
By Jeff A. Benner
לֵב lev
To the ancient Hebrews the heart was the mind, the thoughts. ...he first picture in this Hebrew word is a shepherd staff and represents authority, as the shepherd has authority over the flock. The second letter is the picture of the floor plan of the nomadic tent and represents the idea of being inside, as the family resides within the tent. When combined they mean "the authority within".
...it is the lev(av) that figures most often in references to the inner life, both emotional and – and this is its special sphere – intellectual...the Bible never mentions about the lev(av) anything that is literally physical, such as a heartbeat; nor does it ever mention any literal pain or ailment of it. That somebody's "heart" is sick means that he is grieving; that Israel's "heart" is obstructed (older translations, regrettably, "uncircumcised") signifies that it is religiously stubborn and intractable – cutting away the obstruction of Israel's "heart" of course means making it religiously reasonable.
So, too, that a person says something "in his heart" means that he says it to himself, or thinks it; that he is "wise of heart" means that he is intelligent or skillful. One who has no "heart" is a dolt.
A faithful English translation is precisely one that in most cases does not contain the word "heart," but either substitutes "mind," or sometimes "spirit," or – quite often – does not render the noun at all; for it is often hard to feel, let alone express, the differences between such pairs as "gladness of 'heart'" and plain "gladness," "he rejoiced 'in his heart'" and the bare "he rejoiced," etc.
Finally, on the one hand the word levav illustrates biblical Hebrew's lack of a terminology for distinguishing clearly between mind (or "soul") and body; for when Psalms 104:15 says that bread fortifies a man's levav while wine cheers a man's levav, the first levav means "insides" if not actually "body," but the second one means "spirit."
(jewishvirtuallibrary.org/heart)

(א) לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ יְהֹוָ֤ה ׀ אוֹרִ֣י וְ֭יִשְׁעִי מִמִּ֣י אִירָ֑א יְהֹוָ֥ה מָעוֹז־חַ֝יַּ֗י מִמִּ֥י אֶפְחָֽד׃

(1) Of David. YHVH is my light and my savior; whom should I fear? YHVH is the stronghold of my life, whom should I dread?

(לט) וּתְשׁוּעַ֣ת צַ֭דִּיקִים מֵיְהֹוָ֑ה מָ֝עוּזָּ֗ם בְּעֵ֣ת צָרָֽה׃ (מ) וַ֥יַּעְזְרֵ֥ם יְהֹוָ֗ה וַֽיְפַ֫לְּטֵ֥ם יְפַלְּטֵ֣ם מֵ֭רְשָׁעִים וְיוֹשִׁיעֵ֑ם כִּי־חָ֥סוּ בֽוֹ׃ {פ}

(39) The deliverance of the righteous comes from YHVH, their stronghold in time of trouble. (40) YHVH helps them and rescues them, rescues them from the wicked and delivers them, for they seek refuge in God.

(ב) הִנֵּ֨ה אֵ֧ל יְשׁוּעָתִ֛י אֶבְטַ֖ח וְלֹ֣א אֶפְחָ֑ד כִּֽי־עׇזִּ֤י וְזִמְרָת֙ יָ֣הּ יְהֹוָ֔ה וַֽיְהִי־לִ֖י לִֽישׁוּעָֽה׃ (ג) וּשְׁאַבְתֶּם־מַ֖יִם בְּשָׂשׂ֑וֹן מִמַּעַיְנֵ֖י הַיְשׁוּעָֽה׃

Behold, God is my salvation; I will trust, and not be afraid: for Yah, YHVH is my strength and my song; He also is become my salvation.

Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan (From Questions Jews Ask: Reconstructionist Answers )
Salvation means deliverance from those evils, external and internal, which prevent man from realizing his maximum potentialities. It is deliverance from frustration of which it is the very antithesis…Stated positively, it means the maximum fulfillment of those human capacities which entitle man [sic] to be described as “made in the image of God...” We cannot expect a steady, uninterrupted advance in a single direction toward the goal of salvation. New conditions emerge for which we are unprepared, and which may block progress, and even result in temporary regressions in some respects. We must, however, have faith that the good latent in man will eventually emerge and will triumph over those conditions that we recognize as evil. We should not expect to live to witness the achievement of the full salvation of mankind [sic]. However, by faithfully participating as individuals in the activities that make for human salvation, we can at least have a foretaste of it. The resulting gain in virtue and significance will thus enable us not only to find life worthwhile but also help us render it worthwhile for the rest of the world. That much salvation it is our duty and within our power to achieve. (126-127)
Mordecai Kaplan’s theology is rooted in a process of reevaluating religious concepts in order to render them intellectually tenable to modern people. His theology centers upon the idea of salvation and the role that God plays in humanity’s salvation. This focus is due to his understanding of Judaism’s role in the life of the Jewish people over the past 2,000 years, i.e. that Judaism was the way of salvation for the Jewish people.
He departs from traditional understandings of salvation in denying the existence of a supernatural salvation. There will be neither a heaven of eternal bliss nor a new earth or world order ushered in by the Messiah. For Kaplan, salvation refers to a process of integration (or harmony), self-fulfillment, and orientation towards ideals which foster peace and justice. Kaplan’s salvation is both personal and social, and he argues that neither can exist without the other. At the personal level, a person achieves salvation when their mind is at peace in the pursuit of “valid ideals” which creates self-fulfillment through the integration of all their beliefs and talents.
Social salvation occurs through ordering society in such a way that every person is capable of achieving personal salvation, i.e. when society upholds the ideals of justice, peace, and freedom. Salvation is the central task of religion, and according to Kaplan God is the power through which salvation is possible. Kaplan argues that “in the very process of human self-fulfillment, in the very striving after the achievement of salvation, we identify ourselves with God, and God functions in us” as life’s creative forces, tendencies, and potentialities (26). The entirety of Kaplan’s theology is commentary on the basic idea that God is the power that creates salvation.
(From The Theology of Mordecai Kaplan: Pantheism and Soteriology; Medium.com)
(ח) וְעָ֥שׂוּ לִ֖י מִקְדָּ֑שׁ וְשָׁכַנְתִּ֖י בְּתוֹכָֽם׃ (ט) כְּכֹ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲנִי֙ מַרְאֶ֣ה אוֹתְךָ֔ אֵ֚ת תַּבְנִ֣ית הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן וְאֵ֖ת תַּבְנִ֣ית כׇּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְכֵ֖ן תַּעֲשֽׂוּ׃ {ס} (י) וְעָשׂ֥וּ אֲר֖וֹן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֨יִם וָחֵ֜צִי אׇרְכּ֗וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה וָחֵ֙צִי֙ רׇחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹמָתֽוֹ׃ (יא) וְצִפִּיתָ֤ אֹתוֹ֙ זָהָ֣ב טָה֔וֹר מִבַּ֥יִת וּמִח֖וּץ תְּצַפֶּ֑נּוּ וְעָשִׂ֧יתָ עָלָ֛יו זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃ (יב) וְיָצַ֣קְתָּ לּ֗וֹ אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב וְנָ֣תַתָּ֔ה עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פַּעֲמֹתָ֑יו וּשְׁתֵּ֣י טַבָּעֹ֗ת עַל־צַלְעוֹ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּי֙ טַבָּעֹ֔ת עַל־צַלְע֖וֹ הַשֵּׁנִֽית׃ (יג) וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ בַדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב׃ (יד) וְהֵֽבֵאתָ֤ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים֙ בַּטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֖ל צַלְעֹ֣ת הָאָרֹ֑ן לָשֵׂ֥את אֶת־הָאָרֹ֖ן בָּהֶֽם׃ (טו) בְּטַבְּעֹת֙ הָאָרֹ֔ן יִהְי֖וּ הַבַּדִּ֑ים לֹ֥א יָסֻ֖רוּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ (טז) וְנָתַתָּ֖ אֶל־הָאָרֹ֑ן אֵ֚ת הָעֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֶתֵּ֖ן אֵלֶֽיךָ׃
(8) And let them make Me a sanctuary that I may dwell among them. (9) Exactly as I show you—the pattern of the Tabernacle and the pattern of all its furnishings—so shall you make it. (10) They shall make an ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high. (11) Overlay it with pure gold—overlay it inside and out—and make upon it a gold molding round about. (12) Cast four gold rings for it, to be attached to its four feet, two rings on one of its side walls and two on the other. (13) Make poles of acacia wood and overlay them with gold; (14) then insert the poles into the rings on the side walls of the ark, for carrying the ark. (15) The poles shall remain in the rings of the ark: they shall not be removed from it. (16) And deposit in the Ark [the tablets of] the Pact which I will give you.
Michelle Young (from My Jewish learning: On Matters of the Heart)
Moses instructs the people to “take gifts” to God to help create the sacred Mishkan — the Tabernacle. (Exodus 35:4-9) As a result, “Men and women, all whose hearts moved them, all who would make an elevation offering of gold to Adonai, came bringing brooches, earrings, rings, and pendants — gold objects of all kinds.” (Exodus 35:22)
The Torah in this instance states that the motivation for the Israelites’ actions came from their hearts. Visualizing the many people who, “moved by their hearts,” brought their valuables to support the greater needs of the community evokes a striking image.
It is a Yiddish saying, however, that I believe encapsulates the meaning of the heartfelt actions described in Torah; Di klainer hartz nemt arum di groisseh velt, “The heart is small and embraces the whole wide world.”
The heart is indeed small — just the size of a fist — but it helps us cope with the many challenges that we face in our communities. Like this hand tucked inside each of us, the heart has the power to strike like a fist or to gather and embrace like an open hand. It is up to each of us to learn how to move our heart to embrace the world. (
Rabbi Irwin Keller (from First Jewish Lesson: Blessings of A Broken Heart)
...living this life has broken our hearts again and again. We cannot live on this planet without our hearts being shattered. We call this in Yiddish, tzebrokhnkayt. This quality of brokenness that also has sweetness and wisdom to it. Even when we heal we carry the wisdom of brokenness with us, just as the Children of Israel in the desert carried in the holy ark not only the Tablets of the Covenant but also the Tablets of the Covenant that Moses shattered when he came down the mountain. We each carry our shattered pieces with us.
In the Jewish tradition, tzebrokhnkayt, brokenness is not something in need of quick fixing; it is honored.
According to our tradition, when we went into exile, where we still consider ourselves to be, either poetically or literally, and we left behind the ruins of our Temple in Jerusalem, which had been our direct phone line to the Divine, we feared we were leaving God behind. But no, in our exile we have been accompanied by the Shekhinah, by God's presence, the part of God that dwells in and around and among us. The immanent God. ...in Judaism, we understand the Shekhinah to be a feminine principle... she is with us in exile, and she cries with our suffering.
The Baal Shem Tov also makes the Shekhinah's suffering personal. He explains that when we are in pain, our pain is an indicator of something that is hurting, something that is lacking, in the Shekhinah. Something God needs. And we are equipped and obligated to provide it. So when we pray, we don't pray for our headaches to be healed, suggests the Baal Shem Tov. We pray that the Shekhinah may be healed. It is our job to heal her, and we are healed in the process.
And if it is true that our suffering – and the Shekhinah's – are labor pains, and we are heading to a kind of rebirth, then we are not only the mothers of it but the midwives too. And I find this thought to be strangely hopeful.
This is the season of our tzebrokhnkayt, of our brokenheartedness. And just because we honor our broken hearts does not mean that we don't also pray for healing: that our hearts should be healed, and the heart of this world, too. We pray for this, remembering the words of Psalm 147:
הָרוֹפֵא לִשְׁבוּרֵי לֵב וּמְחַבֵּשׁ לְעַצְּבוֹתָם
מוֹנֶה מִסְפָּר לַכּוֹכָבִים לְכֻלָּם שֵׁמוֹת יִקְרָא:
Healer of the broken hearted, binder of our wounds,
You are the counter of uncountable stars,
And You call each one by name.
Adonai, Yah, God who knows the infinite stars by their names, You also know each of us, by our names and by our hearts. Heal us and our brokenness, so we may heal you and yours as well.
Talk about new ark for sanctuary -
- lamed and bet
- last and first letters of Torah
- significance of being on ark that holds sifrei Torah
- Torah is what we study to understand with our "hearts" how to achieve individual and communal salvation