(1) Adonai said to Moses: Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them: None shall defile himself for any [dead] person among his kin, (2) except for the relatives that are closest to him: his mother, his father, his son, his daughter, and his brother; (3) also for a virgin sister, close to him because she has not become someone’s [wife], for her he may defile himself. (4) But he shall not defile himself as a kinsman by marriage.
Reflection Questions: What does it mean to defile oneself (yitma)? Why are the priests concerned with their ritual purity? What impact has your participation in the Hevrah Kadishah had on you? Does any of the impact concern you?
Reflection Question: According to the Midrash, how does the verse teach us the mitzvah of burying a corpse when there are no others who can do it?
תלמוד לומר לאביו ולאמו לאחיו ולאחותו לא יטמא להם במותם אם היה (כ"ג) [כהן הדיוט] לאביו ולאמו לא מטמא אבל מטמא למ"מ, אם (הולך לשחוט את פסחו) [היה כ"ג] לאחיו אין מטמא אבל מטמא למת מצוה, אם (היה כ"ה) [היה הולך לשחוט את פסחו] לאחותו אין מטמא אבל מטמא למת מצוה.
For his father and his mother he does not become impure, but he does become impure for a met mitzvah. (Bamidbar 6:7) "for his brother:" If he were a high priest or a Nazirite, he may not become tamei, but he does become tamei for a meth-mitzvah. "and for his sister:" What is the intent of this? If one (an ordinary priest) were going to slaughter his Paschal lamb or to circumcise his son, and he hears that one of his kin had died, I might think that he should become impure for them; it is, therefore, written (Ibid.) "he shall not become impure." I might think that he should (also) not become impure for a met mitzvah; it is, therefore, written "and for his sister" — He does not become impure for his sister, but he does become impure for a met mitzvah.
תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה וּמֵת מִצְוָה — מֵת מִצְוָה עֲדִיף, מִדְּתַנְיָא: מְבַטְּלִין תַּלְמוּד תּוֹרָה לְהוֹצָאַת מֵת, וּלְהַכְנָסַת כַּלָּה. עֲבוֹדָה וּמֵת מִצְוָה — מֵת מִצְוָה עֲדִיף
If one must choose between Torah study and tending to a corpse with no one to bury it [met mitzva], the task of burying the met mitzva takes precedence. This is derived from that which is taught in a baraita: One cancels their Torah study to bring out a corpse for burial, and to join a wedding procession and bring in the bride. Similarly, if one must choose between the Temple service and tending to a met mitzva, tending to the met mitzva takes precedence
Reflection Question: How are bringing out a corpse for burial and a bride to wed similar mitzvot? Why do they take precedence over Torah study?
Reflection Question: According to Rava, why does met mitzvah take precedence over ritual/spiritual mitzvot that serve God? As a member of the Hevrah Kadishah, how have you prioritized this work over other obligations?
(א) ת"ר מעבירין את המת מלפני הכלה פי' אם פגעו זה בזה בדרך מקדימין הכלה תחלה וה"ה נמי להקדים שאם אין בעיר כדי לזה ולזה מקדימין ומכניסין הכלה לחופה ואח"כ קוברין המת... אבל לאחר שנכנסה לחופה ויש לפניו לנחם אבל ולשמח החתן תנחומי האבל קודם וכן הבראת האבל קודם למשתה של חתן...וכל זה בשאינו מת מצוה אבל אם הוא מת מצוה מת מצוה קודם שהרי הוא דוחה ת"ת ומקרא מגילה וטומאה דכהן ונזיר ופסח ומילה אין דבר שקודם לו בכל התורה:
Our Sages teach: We bring out a corpse before the bride. The explanation is that if a wedding party and a funeral procession meet on the road, the bride goes first...we advance and bring the bride to the huppah and afterward burry the deceased...but after she goes to the huppah, one has to comfort the mourner and rejoice with the groom, one comforts the mourner first, and similarly, feeds the mourner the post-burial meal before the celebratory wedding meal wit the groom...and regarding all of this, it's not the case with a met mitzvah. Since if it's a met mitzvah, they take precedence and postpone Torah study, reading Megillah, a priest or nazir contracting ritual impurity the pascal offering, and circumcision. There is no matter more important than it [met mitzvah] in the entire Torah.
Reflection Question: How are the met mitzvah and the Torah scroll similar?
(ב) שְׂכַר הַלְּוָיָה מְרֻבֶּה מִן הַכּל. וְהוּא הַחֹק שֶׁחֲקָקוֹ אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ וְדֶרֶךְ הַחֶסֶד שֶׁנָּהַג בָּהּ. מַאֲכִיל עוֹבְרֵי דְּרָכִים וּמַשְׁקֶה אוֹתָן וּמְלַוֶּה אוֹתָן. וּגְדוֹלָה הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים מֵהַקְבָּלַת פְּנֵי שְׁכִינָה. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (בראשית יח ב) "וַיַּרְא וְהִנֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים". וְלִוּוּיָם יוֹתֵר מֵהַכְנָסָתָן. אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים כָּל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מְלַוֶּה כְּאִלּוּ שׁוֹפֵךְ דָּמִים:
(2) The reward one receives for "accompanying" someone (taharah and burial) is greater than all of the others. This is a statute which Abraham our Patriarch instituted and the path of kindness which he would follow. He would feed wayfarers, provide them with drink, and accompany them. Showing hospitality for guests surpasses receiving the Divine Presence as Genesis 18:3 states: "And he saw and behold there were three people." Accompanying them is greater than showing them hospitality. Our Sages said: "Whoever does not accompany them is considered as if he shed blood."
Reflection Question: Why is tending to the deceased greater than showing a person hospitality?