Save "Why Didn't Pharaoh Kill Moses"
Why Didn't Pharaoh Kill Moses
When Moses was still an infant and Pharaoh played with him on his lap, Moses took the crown from the king's head and placed it on his own. Terrified at what had happened, the magicians advised that he be slain. But Jethro(Yitro) who was one of the counsellors of the king, advised that he be tested as follows: Two dishes were to be placed before him, one containing pieces of gold and the other live coal. If he would stretch out his hand for the gold, it would be known that his taking the crown was done consciously, and therefore he was to be slain. But if he would grasp the live coal, he was innocent. When the test was made, Moses began stretching his hand toward to gold, but the angel Gabriel made him take the live coal. Thereupon, Moses put his hand with the coal into his mouth, which burnt part of his tongue. As a result he became slow of speech and of a slow tongue for all of his life.
(יא) וַיְהִי בַּיָּמִים הָהֵם וַיִּגְדַּל מֹשֶׁה וַיֵּצֵא אֶל אֶחָיו וַיַּרְא בְּסִבְלֹתָם וַיַּרְא אִישׁ מִצְרִי מַכֶּה אִישׁ עִבְרִי מֵאֶחָיו:(יב) וַיִּפֶן כֹּה וָכֹה וַיַּרְא כִּי אֵין אִישׁ וַיַּךְ אֶת הַמִּצְרִי וַיִּטְמְנֵהוּ בַּחוֹל: (יג) וַיֵּצֵא בַּיּוֹם הַשֵּׁנִי וְהִנֵּה שְׁנֵי אֲנָשִׁים עִבְרִים נִצִּים וַיֹּאמֶר לָרָשָׁע לָמָּה תַכֶּה רֵעֶךָ: (יד) וַיֹּאמֶר מִי שָׂמְךָ לְאִישׁ שַׂר וְשֹׁפֵט עָלֵינוּ הַלְהָרְגֵנִי אַתָּה אֹמֵר כַּאֲשֶׁר הָרַגְתָּ אֶת הַמִּצְרִי וַיִּירָא מֹשֶׁה וַיֹּאמַר אָכֵן נוֹדַע הַדָּבָר:(טו) וַיִּשְׁמַע פַּרְעֹה אֶת הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה וַיְבַקֵּשׁ לַהֲרֹג אֶת מֹשֶׁה וַיִּבְרַח מֹשֶׁה מִפְּנֵי פַרְעֹה וַיֵּשֶׁב בְּאֶרֶץ מִדְיָן וַיֵּשֶׁב עַל הַבְּאֵר טז וּלְכֹהֵן מִדְיָן, שֶׁבַע בָּנוֹת; וַתָּבֹאנָה וַתִּדְלֶנָה, וַתְּמַלֶּאנָה אֶת-הָרְהָטִים, לְהַשְׁקוֹת, צֹאן אֲבִיהֶן. יז וַיָּבֹאוּ הָרֹעִים, וַיְגָרְשׁוּם; וַיָּקָם מֹשֶׁה וַיּוֹשִׁעָן, וַיַּשְׁקְ אֶת-צֹאנָם.:

Some time after that, when Moses had grown up, he went to his kinsfolk and witnessed their labors. He saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his kinsmen. He turned this way and that and, seeing no one about, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand. When he went out the next day, he found two Hebrews fighting; so he said to the offender, "Why do you strike your fellow?" He retorted, "Who made you chief and ruler over us? Do you mean to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?" Moses was frightened, and thought: Then the matter is known! When Pharoah learned of the matter, he sought to kill Moses; but Moses fled from Pharoah.

(לא) וַיִּשְׁמַע פַּרְעֹה, שֶׁעָמְדוּ דָּתָן וַאֲבִירָם וְהִלְשִׁינוּ עָלָיו. וַיְבַקֵּשׁ לַהֲרֹג אֶת משֶׁה, שָׁלַח פַּרְעֹה וְהֵבִיאוּ סַיִּף שֶׁאֵין כְּמוֹתָהּ, וּנְתָנוֹ עֶשֶׂר פְּעָמִים עַל צַוָּארוֹ וְנַעֲשָׂה צַוָּארוֹ שֶׁל משֶׁה כְּעַמּוּד הַשֵּׁן וְלֹא הִזִּיקַתּוּ, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (שיר השירים ז, ה): צַוָּארֵךְ כְּמִגְדַּל הַשֵּׁן. וַיִּבְרַח משֶׁה מִפְּנֵי פַּרְעֹה, אָמַר רַבִּי יַנַּאי וְכִי אֶפְשָׁר לְבָשָׂר וָדָם לִבְרֹחַ מִפְּנֵי הַמַּלְכוּת, אֶלָא בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁתָּפְסוּ אֶת משֶׁה וְחִיְּבוּהוּ לְהַתִּיז אֶת רֹאשׁוֹ, יָרַד מַלְאָךְ מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וְנִדְמָה לָהֶם בִּדְמוּת משֶׁה וְתָפְשׂוּ אֶת הַמַּלְאָךְ וּבָרַח משֶׁה. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי נַעֲשׂוּ כָּל הַסַּנְקְלִיטִין שֶׁהָיוּ יוֹשְׁבִין לִפְנֵי פַּרְעֹה מֵהֶם אִלְמִין מֵהֶן חֵרְשִׁין מֵהֶן סוּמִין, וְהָיָה אוֹמֵר לָאִלְמִין הֵיכָן משֶׁה וְלֹא הָיוּ מְדַבְּרִים, לַחֵרְשִׁין וְלֹא הָיוּ שׁוֹמְעִין, לַסּוּמִין וְלֹא הָיוּ רוֹאִין. זֶה שֶׁאָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא לְמשֶׁה (שמות ד, יא): מִי שָׂם פֶּה לָאָדָם, מִי שָׂם פֶּה לְפַרְעֹה שֶׁאָמַר בְּפִיו הָבִיאוּ אֶת משֶׁה לַבִּימָה לְהָרְגוֹ, (שמות ד, יא): אוֹ מִי יָשׂוּם אִלֵּם, מִי שָׂם הַסְּגָנִים אִלְמִים חֵרְשִׁים וְסוּמִין שֶׁלֹא הֱבִיאוּךָ. וּמִי עָשָׂה עַצְמְךָ פִּקֵּחַ שֶׁתִּבְרַח, (שמות ד, יא): הֲלֹא אָנֹכִי ה', שָׁם הָיִיתִי עִמְּךָ וְהַיּוֹם אֲנִי עוֹמֵד לְךָ.

(31) “Pharaoh heard this matter and he sought to kill Moses. Moses fled from before Pharaoh, and he settled in the land of Midyan, and sat alongside the well” (Exodus 2:15).
“Pharaoh heard” – because Datan and Aviram arose and informed on him.

“He sought to kill Moses.” Pharaoh sent and they brought an incomparable sword and he struck his neck ten times, but Moses’s neck became like an ivory tower and it did not harm him, as it is stated: “Your neck is like an ivory tower” (Song of Songs 7:5).


“Moses fled from before Pharaoh.” Rabbi Yannai says: Is it possible for flesh and blood to flee from the monarchy? Rather, at the moment that they apprehended Moses and sentenced him to beheading, an angel descended from the heavens and appeared to them in the image of Moses. They seized the angel and Moses fled.

OR


Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: All the legal advisers who were sitting before Pharaoh became [impaired]; some mute, some deaf, and some blind. He [Pharaoh] was saying to the mutes: ‘Where is Moses?’ but they did not talk; to the deaf, but they did not hear; to the blind, but they did not see.

That is what the Holy One blessed be He said to Moses: “Who gives a mouth to man?” (Exodus 4:11). Who gave a mouth to Pharaoh, who said with his mouth: ‘Bring Moses to the platform to execute him’? “Or who makes one mute,” (ibid.) – who rendered the deputies mute, deaf, and blind so they did not bring you? And who made you clever so you would flee? “Is it not I, the Lord?” (ibid.). I was with you there, and I stand with you today.

(י) וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיַּ֣עֲשׂוּ כֵ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה ה' וַיַּשְׁלֵ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־מַטֵּ֗הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין׃
(10) So Moses and Aaron came before Pharaoh and did just as ה' had commanded: Aaron cast down his rod in the presence of Pharaoh and his courtiers, and it turned into a serpent.
(כ) וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה ה' וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָ֥פְכ֛וּ כׇּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם׃ (כא) וְהַדָּגָ֨ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֥ר מֵ֙תָה֙ וַיִּבְאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֔ר וְלֹא־יָכְל֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹ֑ר וַיְהִ֥י הַדָּ֖ם בְּכׇל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (כב) וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֛ן חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר ה'׃ (כג) וַיִּ֣פֶן פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְלֹא־שָׁ֥ת לִבּ֖וֹ גַּם־לָזֹֽאת׃
(20) Moses and Aaron did just as ה' commanded: he lifted up the rod and struck the water in the Nile in the sight of Pharaoh and his courtiers, and all the water in the Nile was turned into blood (21) and the fish in the Nile died. The Nile stank so that the Egyptians could not drink water from the Nile; and there was blood throughout the land of Egypt. (22) But when the Egyptian magician-priests did the same with their spells, Pharaoh’s heart stiffened and he did not heed them—as ה' had spoken. (23) Pharaoh turned and went into his palace, paying no regard even to this.