(יז) וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹסֵ֗ף כִּי־יָשִׁ֨ית אָבִ֧יו יַד־יְמִינ֛וֹ עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וַיֵּ֣רַע בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַיִּתְמֹ֣ךְ יַד־אָבִ֗יו לְהָסִ֥יר אֹתָ֛הּ מֵעַ֥ל רֹאשׁ־אֶפְרַ֖יִם עַל־רֹ֥אשׁ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ (יח) וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶל־אָבִ֖יו לֹא־כֵ֣ן אָבִ֑י כִּי־זֶ֣ה הַבְּכֹ֔ר שִׂ֥ים יְמִינְךָ֖ עַל־רֹאשֽׁוֹ׃ (יט) וַיְמָאֵ֣ן אָבִ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יָדַ֤עְתִּֽי בְנִי֙ יָדַ֔עְתִּי גַּם־ה֥וּא יִֽהְיֶה־לְּעָ֖ם וְגַם־ה֣וּא יִגְדָּ֑ל וְאוּלָ֗ם אָחִ֤יו הַקָּטֹן֙ יִגְדַּ֣ל מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְזַרְע֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה מְלֹֽא־הַגּוֹיִֽם׃ (כ) וַיְבָ֨רְכֵ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֮ לֵאמוֹר֒ בְּךָ֗ יְבָרֵ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְשִֽׂמְךָ֣ אֱלֹקִ֔ים כְּאֶפְרַ֖יִם וְכִמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־אֶפְרַ֖יִם לִפְנֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃
(17) When Joseph saw that his father was placing his right hand on Ephraim’s head, and it was bad in his eyes; so he took hold of his father’s hand to move it from Ephraim’s head to Manasseh’s. (18) “Not so, Father,” Joseph said to his father, “for the other is the first-born; place your right hand on his head.” (19) But his father objected, saying, “I know, my son, I know. He too shall become a people, and he too shall be great. Yet his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his offspring shall be plentiful enough for nations.” (20) So he blessed them that day, saying, “By you shall Israel invoke blessings, saying: God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh.” Thus he put Ephraim before Manasseh.
וירע בעיניו אולי יוסף היה אוהב את מנשה יותר בעבור היותו בכור לכן חרה לו והנכון בעיני כי חשב שטעה אביו בהם ואם היתה ברכתו בבלי דעת לא תבא ברכתו עליהם כי איננה ברוח הקדש כראוי וכאשר אמר לו ידעתי בני ידעתי נתפייס:
IT DISPLEASED HIM. Perhaps Joseph loved Menasheh more on account of his being the first-born. Hence it displeased him. The correct interpretation in my opinion is that he thought that his father had made a mistake concerning them, and if his blessing will be without true knowledge it will never be fulfilled upon them as it will not have been done with the proper Ruach Hakodesh (holy spirit). But when his father told him, I know it, my son, I know it, he was reconciled.
(ב) גם הוא יהיה לעם וגם הוא יגדל. שֶׁעָתִיד גִּדְעוֹן לָצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁהַקָּבָּ"ה עוֹשֶׂה נֵס עַל יָדוֹ: (ג) ואולם אחיו הקטן יגדל ממנו. שֶׁעָתִיד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לָצֵאת מִמֶּנּוּ, שֶׁיַּנְחִיל אֶת הָאָרֶץ וִילַמֵּד תּוֹרָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל: (ד) וזרעו יהיה מלא הגוים. כָּל הָעוֹלָם יִתְמַלֵּא בְּצֵאת שָׁמְעוֹ וּשְׁמוֹ כְּשֶׁיַּעֲמִיד חַמָּה בְּגִבְעוֹן וְיָרֵחַ בְּעֵמֶק אַיָּלוֹן:
(2) HE ALSO SHALL BECOME A PEOPLE, AND HE ALSO SHALL BE GREAT, for of him will be born Gideon through whom the Holy One, blessed be He, will perform a miracle. (3) BUT TRULY HIS YOUNGER BROTHER SHALL BE GREATER THAN HE — for of him will be born Joshua who will make Israel inherit the land of Canaan and will instruct them in the Torah. (4) AND HIS SEED SHALL BECOME A MULTITUDE OF NATIONS (more lit, shall fill the nations) — the fame and renown of his seed, Joshua, will spread abroad and fill the whole world when he will make the sun stand still upon Gibeon and the moon in the valley of Aijalon.
וכפל לומר ידעתי בני ידעתי, נתכוון להשיבו לב' דברים שאמר כמו שפירשנו, כנגד מה שאמרת לא כן אבי כי זה הבכור ולא כמו שאני חושב שסדורים בהפך ידעתי בני ורמז באומרו בני פירוש ומן הסתם לא תחשיב ימינך לפני ימיני ולא תסדרם אלא הבכור לימיני ולא לימינך, וכנגד מה שהורתני לעשות משפט הבכורה באומרך שים ימינך על ראשו ידעתי גם זה ובכלל ידיעה זו נכנסה גם ידיעת המסובב מדבר זה בעשות כן ליוסף, ואמר גם הוא יגדל פירוש לא תחשוב שהוא במדרגה שפלה אלא יגדל ויהיה לעם, ואולם וגו' פירוש לא לצד ברכתי אלא לצד מה שיצא ממנו וזרעו יהיה מלא הגוים, לזה הגם שבזמן זה זה הבכור לעתיד יהיה הקטן יותר גדול כאומרם ז"ל (תנחומא) שזה יצא ממנו גדעון וזה יצא ממנו יהושע ומן הסתם שלשלת זו היתה בשורש נשמת השבט מבלי ברכת יעקב ואשר על כן אני מקדימו לבכור:
The reason Jacob repeated: "I know my son, I know, etc." is that Jacob wanted to answer both of Joseph's doubts as we have already explained. To Joseph's remark "not so my father," Jacob replied that he was well aware that Joseph had already placed the children in such a position that he, Jacob, did not have to cross his hands in order to put his right hand on the head of Menashe. By adding the word בני, my son, Jacob hinted that he had given Joseph credit for placing the boys in the position which he considered as appropriate. Concerning Joseph's specific concern that the firstborn be accorded the privileges due him, Jacob also said: "I know;" he assured Joseph that Menashe too would attain greatness. Joseph should not think that Jacob considered his firstborn as unworthy or inferior. If he had nonetheless decided to place his right hand on the head of Ephrayim this was in view of Ephrayim's descendants outranking Menashe's descendants at some time in the future. Ephrayim was destined to become מלא הגוים, meaning that at that time he would occupy a higher position though at the moment Menashe fulfilled his role of the firstborn perfectly. Tanchuma elaborates that Joshua would be descended from Ephrayim whereas Gideon would be descended from Menashe, both leaders of the Jewish people during their respective lifetimes. Both had already been destined for their respective roles in life; Jacob only gave recognition to this by the manner in which he placed his hands when blessing both these children.
או ירצה על זה הדרך ידעתי כל טענותיך, ומה שרמזת כי זה גורם לא זה גורם אלא בני פירוש בני הוא שגרם לכל העובר בחלומותיך ודבריך. ואומרו ידעתי פעם ב' נמשכת עם למטה ממנה גם הוא וגו' ואולם וגו' פירוש שידע בנבואה שהקטן יגדל מהגדול ואינו יכול לעשות הפך מהחזון אשר דימה כידו האדון ברוך הוא:
Alternatively, Jacob meant that he was thoroughly familiar with Joseph's arguments; when Joseph had hinted that the birthright should determine on whose hand Jacob was to place his right hand, Joseph was wrong, it was not the order of birth which determined matters like this. By adding the word בני, Jacob hinted that Joseph himself had foreseen future developments in his dreams. Similarly, Jacob could not now act in defiance of G'd who had shown him in a vision that the younger son would outshine his older brother.
וישם את אפרים. בְּבִרְכָתוֹ לִפְנֵי מְנַשֶּׁה, לְהַקְדִּימוֹ בִּדְגָלִים וּבַחֲנֻכַּת הַנְּשִׂיאִים:
וישם את אפרים
AND HE PUT EPHRAIM etc. — i.e. in the blessing he bestowed upon them he put Ephraim’s name before that of Manasseh, so giving him precedence over his brother when the Israelites encamped and marched beneath their banners in the wilderness, and when at the dedication of the altar by the princes of the tribes each brought his gifts
וישם בברכתו את אפרים לפני מנשה שאמר ישמך אלקים כאפרים וכמנשה. וגם למעלה אמר אפרים ומנשה כראובן ושמעון יהיו לי.
וישם את אפרים לפני מנשה,
“he positioned (in the blessing) the name of Ephrayim before the name of Menashe.” He had done so already in verse 5, before the sequence of the blessing had become an issue. By making a comparison with Reuven and Shimon in that order, his intention had been unmistakable.
(ה) וְעַתָּ֡ה שְׁנֵֽי־בָנֶ֩יךָ֩ הַנּוֹלָדִ֨ים לְךָ֜ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֗יִם עַד־בֹּאִ֥י אֵלֶ֛יךָ מִצְרַ֖יְמָה לִי־הֵ֑ם אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וּמְנַשֶּׁ֔ה כִּרְאוּבֵ֥ן וְשִׁמְע֖וֹן יִֽהְיוּ־לִֽי׃
(5) Now, your two sons, who were born to you in the land of Egypt before I came to you in Egypt, shall be mine; Ephraim and Manasseh shall be mine no less than Reuben and Simeon.
ויברכם ביום ההוא. פי' ביום ההוא כי יוסף הפציר בו לשום מנשה הראשון ואמר הכתוב לא רצה להסיר יד ימינו מעל ראש אפרים ולא עוד אלא שחזר ואמר בפי' במעמד ההוא בבני יוסף בברכו אותם כאפרים וכמנשה וישם את אפרים לפני מנשה בכל ברכותיו:
ויברכם ביום ההוא,
“He blessed them both on that day;” the words “on that day,” are important, seeing that Joseph pressured his father to place his right hand on Menashe and to bless him first. The Torah clearly shows that Yaakov resisted this pressure and did not want to remove his right hand from the head of Ephrayim. Not only that, but when Yaakov eventually pronounced the blessing, he made a point of naming Ephrayim first in his blessing so that when the parents of Jewish children would bless their children in the future they would always mention Ephrayim first when wishing that their children model themselves after these two sons of Joseph.