On the “epiphany” in Genesis 17:1

וַיְהִ֣י אַבְרָ֔ם בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וְתֵ֣שַׁע שָׁנִ֑ים וַיֵּרָ֨א יְהֹוָ֜ה אֶל־אַבְרָ֗ם וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲנִי־אֵ֣ל שַׁדַּ֔י הִתְהַלֵּ֥ךְ לְפָנַ֖י וֶהְיֵ֥ה תָמִֽים׃

When Abram was ninety-nine years old, GOD appeared to* Abram and said to him, “I am El Shaddai. Walk in My ways and be blameless.…”

*Or “made contact with,” via an agent; see at 12.7 and below, v. 22.

(The above rendering—and footnote—come from the RJPS translation, an adaptation of the NJPS translation.)


The root of the highlighted verb is ראה with a Niphal stem. On the meaning of this verb when applied to a persona, and on its best rendering in English, see my comment at 12:7.